Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2021

Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Reconstruction and Renovation of Architectural Heritage, March 24-27, 2021, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Sergey Sementsov, Alexander Leontyev, Huerta Santiago, Sergey Sementsov, Alexander Leontyev, Huerta Santiago

• Editorial: CRC Press
• Año: 2021
• ISBN:
  9781000504002
• Edición: 1
• Categoría: Arquitectura
• Categoría: Arquitectura general

Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2021 presents contributions on various aspects of the study, protection and restoration of architectural monuments and on the reconstruction of major historical urban development sites. Moreover, various complex and problematic aspects of engineering reconstruction of monuments are discussed. A wide range of issues is considered in the process of preserving historical heritage, including:

• the historical formation of buildings, construction and territories;
• the conservation, reconstruction and restoration of buildings and constructions;
• the transformation of historical spaces and areas.
• parallels and features in the development of urban planning, architecture and construction art in Russia and Spain
• the fate and work of Augustine Augustinovich Betancourt

This collection of papers combines contributions about the history and restoration of many of the largest nature reserves, estates, cities and monuments. It is intended for academics and professionals involved in the history and restoration of nature reserves, estates, cities and monuments.

The conservation, reconstruction and restoration of buildings and constructions: The transformation of historical spaces and areas

Urban planning reconstruction of railway station districts historical development

E.A. Akhmedova, A.N. Teryagova, V.A. Shabanov & I.V. Kuznetsov

Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

DOI: 10.1201/9781003136804-30

ABSTRACT: The station area, being the first location of the city where people who come to this city get, should have a comfortable, safe, and aesthetic architectural environment. The object of the study is the railway station areas of the largest cities, the subject is the process of urban reconstruction of historical buildings in such areas. Within the framework of the article, it was important to identify the main modern trends in the renewal of the urban environment and, at the same time, the preservation and inclusion of architectural monuments in the polyphonic post-industrial collage of urban space near railway stations and to determine the degree of their compliance with the requirements of architectural diversity and informativeness. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the European and Russian, including regional, experience of implementing historical and architectural renovation techniques in the urban environment of railway station territories. The most detailed consideration is given to the urban development situation of the station district of the city of Samara (Russia), the development of the historical center of which has the status of a historical settlement of regional significance.

1 Introduction

The paradigm of managing the development of the urban environment today is understood in the unity of the processes of preservation and renewal.

The development of railway transport and the construction of railway stations on the outskirts of large cities during the formation of the industrial era in the nineteenth century. marked the beginning of the formation of station areas, which were considered as the most important elements of the urban planning system of the city, its “entrance gate”, or in the modern sound – portal (Akhmedova 2007). A significant amount of structures and engineering infrastructure of the track economy (locomotive depots, buildings and structures of water supply facilities, steam locomotive and car repair enterprises, etc.) was created during the next century, turning the station areas into the most dynamically developing areas of the urban environment with the integration of a variety of public, industrial and housing functions.

As the subsequent analysis of the evolution of the architectural and spatial environment and the engineering and technological infrastructure of the station areas shows, this continuous chain of updates is more or less characteristic of all major cities in the world. At the present stage of the reorganization of railway stations into large multifunctional transport hubs, the scale of renovation and urban reconstruction of the station areas is significantly expanding, while the architectural and socio-cultural identity of the station area should be preserved, and even strengthened. This can be achieved by a reasonable combination of the historical and the modern in the architectural environment.

The experience of advanced countries is extremely relevant for Russia’s largest cities. The topic of urban reconstruction for the effective functioning of urban areas, including near railway stations, is of interest to many specialists from different fields of knowledge. In his research, the topic of urban environment renovation, as well as its historical and architectural potential and informativeness, including and near railway stations, affected Alexey Barkovsky, Nikolay Zhurin, Gulnara Kamalova, Mikhail Kanunnikov, Nina Lekareva, Anastasia Medvedeva, Andrey Murunov, Alexandra Teryagova, Anatoly Sinelnik, and others. This topic is also revealed in a number of studies by foreign urbanists, such as Roberta Gratz, Jane Jacobs, and others.

2 Materials and Methods

To solve the tasks set and achieve the goal of the study, the authors resorted to such scientific methods as comparative historical and urban planning analysis and sociological research. Within the framework of the presented study, a questionnaire survey of experts with different professional and role competencies was conducted in 2020-2021. The results of the survey helped in a more detailed study of the topic raised. As for substantiating materials, fragments of research (Babylonskaya 2017), which were conducted by the authors of the article as part of the creative team in 2017-2019, were used. according to the justification for assigning the status of a historical settlement to the historical building of the city of Samara (SP Samara).

2.1 The European experience of urban reconstruction

The famous American urbanist great Jane Jacobs, the author of the book “The Life and Death of Great American Cities”, believes that a large city needs a combination of new buildings with old ones, including architectural monuments. She believes: “New ideas need old buildings in the immediate vicinity. Otherwise, they are too immersed in the general environment with its generalized lures, too limited economically, and therefore functionally, to be lively, interesting, and convenient. Blooming diversity anywhere in a big city suggests a mix of high -, middle -, low -, and zero-income businesses” (Jacobs 2019).

The urban environment is formed in the form of a system of artistic images (Orloa et al. 2018), which are created in the context of functional, architectural-spatial, semantic, and socio-cultural aspects. These images form visual information about the identity of the urban space, its historical and architectural potential (Akhmedova 2015).

The analysis of the world experience of approaches to the organization of the architectural and urban planning environment, considering the preservation of architectural heritage objects and historically valuable city-forming objects near railway stations, can help to avoid mistakes in the formation of a diverse and identical urban environment, a memorable image field of the city, as well as to create more aesthetic, effective and universal urban spaces. (Akhmedova & Kuznetsov, 2020).

Zurich (Switzerland)

On the left bank of the Limmat River, there are vast territories occupied by the railway right-of-way. It cuts through the city and ends on the banks of the river with the historic building of the main railway station in Zurich. The railway station is located in a cramped historical environment, not far from the Swiss National Museum, which is a historical site that was reconstructed and expanded with a new wing in the first half of the 2010s.

The railway is the southern border of the industrial district of Zurich, which is bounded in the north by the Limmat River. A small part of this area is known as the Escher Wyss quarter, in the place of which for almost one and a half hundred years until the middle of the 20th century. The machine-building plant was located. After its closure in the second half of the XX century. this area of the city began to be actively built up with public and residential buildings, among which there are several large hotels, as well as a tecnopark, office and business centers, sports complexes, theaters, super-markets, etc. It is important to note that a significant part of the new functions is located in historical sites (Akhmedova & Kuznetsov, 2020).

The railway station district of Zurich is characterized by a harmonious combination of buildings of different periods of development, contrasting in architecture and functional content. At the same time, they are united by a high-quality design of the urban environment.

Vienna (Austria)

The main part of the railway in Basel is located in the structure of a dense historical urban development. There are two main railway stations in the city.

One of them, the Basel Badischer Bahnhof, is located on the right bank of the Rhine, in the so-called Lesser Basel. The area around it is interesting for the objects located not just in pedestrian proximity to the railway, but directly adjacent to the right-of-way of the railway. Quite close to the train station, there is a historic building - the covered market Markthalle Basel, whose building was erected in 1929-1930 and underwent significant renovation and expansion in 2006-2012. Not far from it are located newer buildings of the second half of the 20th century, as well as the beginning of the 2000s: conference center “Viaduktstrasse” and the tower of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), architectural objects Peter Merian Haus and Jacob Burckhardt Haus (architect Hans Zwimpfer). All of them are on the same side of the railway.

On the other side, there are also buildings of interest. These are several buildings by the famous architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, among which it is worth noting the signal post of the Central Signal Box railway.

The Bahnhof Basel SBB station forecourt is also an excellent example of a polyphonic combination of historical and modern architectural objects of high artistic and aesthetic quality, mixed functional use, and universal design of open spaces in the urban environment.

Bern (Switzerland)

The Bern railway runs through the center of the city. Its railway station, the second largest in Swit-zerland after Zurich, is located in the historic center and is itself a historical site. Nearby it there are such monuments as the University of Bern, the Church of the Holy Spirit, Bern Cathedral, as well as the Fed-eral Palace at Bundesplatz square.

As in other previously considered Swiss Tsar cities (Zurich and Basel), the urban development of Bern comes very close to the railway right-of-way. The typology of this development is quite diverse. Along with public buildings, there is also a lot of housing. In some places, civil buildings are separated from the railway by industrial buildings and research facilities, such as, for example, a complex of university buildings and a waste processing center (Akhmedova & Kuznetsov 2020).

The analysis of the existing architectural environment of the railway station district of Bern also shows the diversity an...