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Energetic recovery of municipal solid waste scenario in São Paulo State, Brazil
F.C. Dalmo, N.M. Simão, S. Nebra & P.H.M. Sant’Ana
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
ABSTRACT: This work aims to present a scenario of the energetic recovery potential of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The landfills that receive Urban Solid Residues (USR) from two or more counties are considered individually, calculating the potential of energy generation according to the methodology proposed by the International Panel on Climate Change—IPCC. The other landfills throughout the state, which receive MSW from their own counties, were considered together. It is also presented the energy recovery plants in operation, as well as those that have the concession term issued by the National Agency of Electric Energy. It was calculated that, by this mean, the energy potential of the State is 464 MW, with 341.7 MW referring to landfills that receive MSW from two or more counties and 122.3 MW referring to the others. It is suggested for future studies that the cost analysis carried out.
1 INTRODUCTION
The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the world was estimated in 1.3 billion tons per year with an annual increase projection, reaching 2.2 billion in 2025 (Hoornweg & Bhada, 2012). The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) counties in which 34 member counties participate make up nearly half of the current global generation of waste, or 44% of the total, corresponding to 572 million tons per year.
Latin America and the Caribbean, which is Brazil’s region, account for 12% of the world’s MSW generation, which corresponds to 160 million tons/year. In Brazil, the daily generation targeted was 13,616 tons/day with a projection of 15,886 tons/day for 2025 with a population of 144,507,175 and 206,850,000 inhabitants respectively (Hoornweg & Bhada, 2012).
In Brazil, landfill disposal represents 52.4% of the local total. Besides that, 13.1% in controlled dumps and 12.3% in dumps; 3.9% are sent to sorting and composting units and on 18.3% does not exist information (SNSA, 2016).
In summary, the problem in Brazil is still discussed with regard to the disposal of MSW, and discussions on energy recovery are, for this reason, incipient, even considering that the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) through Law no. 12,305/2010 provides the residues energy recovery as one of its objectives (BRAZIL, 2010).
Considering the scenario of the MSW disposal in Brazil, the best way of dealing with the Brazilian reality is therefore the use of the biogas generated spontaneously in the landfills, even considering the fugitive emissions of methane by the landfill surface, which compromises the efficiency of the biogas capture system (Silva & Freitas & Candiani, 2013).
In order to carry out the proposed study of evaluating the energy potential of MSW, the State of São Paulo was chosen. This state has an area of 248,222 km2 (IBGE, 2016), and although it is not the most extensive in Brazil—which has a territorial extension of 8,515,767 km2 (IBGE, 2016) -, it is the most populous and therefore the largest RSU generato...
