Encyclopedia of Microcomputers

Volume 6 - Electronic Dictionaries in Machine Translation to Evaluation of Software: Microsoft Word Version 4.0

Allen Kent, James G. Williams, Allen Kent, James G. Williams

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9781000723304
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Science General
• Index: Computer Science

"The Encyclopedia of Microcomputers serves as the ideal companion reference to the popular Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology. Now in its 10th year of publication, this timely reference work details the broad spectrum of microcomputer technology, including microcomputer history; explains and illustrates the use of microcomputers throughout academe, business, government, and society in general; and assesses the future impact of this rapidly changing technology."

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

Energy management is a very complex concept which subordinates distinct but multiple aspects with the aim of achieving efficiency and readiness to assist consumers in fulfilling a business’s production goals under a constant set of production constraints (e.g., economical, technical, environmental, risk and uncertainty, time, etc.).

This article considers the dimensions of energy management, from planning procedure to education policy.

The main topics covered are:

Penetration/substitution mechanism for energy systems (a paradigm of energy management); mathematical description and examples at different strata of energy systems

Planning for energy systems (linear programming and other complex models)

Systems analysis for energy management; objectives, modeling techniques, actors involved in a systems analysis task force, pitfalls in energy systems analysis

Indicators for energy management (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, semiotics, synergy, the inherent multidimensionality of energy indicators, limits and frontiers of indicators, etc.)

Socioeconomic risk in energy development programming and management

Risk-safety dichotomy for energy systems design and management

Optimal siting for obnoxious technologies (nuclear power stations)

Waste management, part of an energy management program for complex energy technologies

Energy storage, part of a sustainable energy management program

Energy conservation and economics of introducing new energy technologies

Centralized vs. decentralized systems to achieve reliability and safety in energy systems

End use energy management

Dispatcher concept for energy management at the territorial, regional, or enterprise level

Energy management information systems (online and offline energy management and the impact of microprocessors)

Energy costs for pricing (e.g., electricity, heat, cogeneration systems, etc.), and tarriffs (finance and equity)

Price of decommissioning for nuclear power stations; a basis for a better pricing of energy

Information and microelectronics in energy management

Hardware/software/orgware/brainware—the evolution of applying computers to the field of energy management

Office automation and energy end use management (technologies for office automation, how to optimize the use of energy at a factory level)

Net energy content and WELMM (water, energy, land, materials, manpower); complex indicators to assess different energy strategies

Rate of return on projects and associated engineering-economic models

Energy management vs. legislation and environmental impact

Effect of TIME in energy management (e.g., macrotime and microtime dimensions)

Artificial intelligence for power production management; KIPS; expert systems, and decision support systems

Educational systems and programs for energy management

ENERGY SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

This term is used mainly to define efficient use of energy (or of the finite energy resources) at macroeconomic as well as microeconomic levels by adequate actions such as energy savings, rational use of energy, substitution of one form of energy by other (e.g., fossil fuels by solar, wind, geothermal, photovoltaic) energy. The means used may be regulating, incentives, political, economic, or innovative.

There are several diversifications of this concept, and it is difficult to adopt a single point of view in defining energy management. Some people draw a neat distinction between governing and managing energy problems. Within the decision-making process, one faces negative and positive feedback as well as a strong interwave connection between these two concepts and types of actions.

Within the “complex” arena of energy system management and government policies one must consider the relationship between a decision maker (e.g., manager, executive, planner, politician, public) and an energy systems analyst. A systems analyst should be able to propose alternatives and produce rules to establish an adequate hierarchy among these alternatives.

Figure 1 presents the framework for energy systems management procedures by special means: introducing goals and constraints, as well as new tools for decision making (e.g., information sciences, learning procedures, risk-safety attitude formation, cultural and moral). Energy management implies basic and specific features such as forecasting and planning, organization, motivation, coordination, and control. An adequate meaning of information sciences and computers is widely accepted today in the field of energy and power engineering.

As an alternative term, energy saving represents adequate measures, passive or active, on the effect of such measures taken by suppliers and users of energy (e.g., insulation, utilization of waste heat or gas that would otherwise be flared) to limit wastage of energy; organizational measures are also possible (e.g., changes in transportation mode or information data handling).

Rational use of energy is a management concept with associated organizational tools which enable the utilization of energy by consumers in a manner best suited to the realiz...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Contributors to Volume 6
• ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES IN MACHINE TRANSLATION
• ELECTRONIC MAIL
• ELECTRONIC MAIL MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS x.400
• ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING
• THE ELECTRONIC TIMESHEET
• ENERGY MANAGEMENT
• ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
• ENGINEERING ECONOMY SOFTWARE
• THE ENGINEERING WORKSTATION AND THE ENGINEERING SUPPORT SYSTEM
• ENHANCED GRAPHICS: MOLECULAR MODELING
• EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROCOMPUTERS
• EPROM
• EPSON CORPORATION
• EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
• EQUIPMENT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT THROUGH MICROCOMPUTERS
• ERGONOMIC ASPECTS OF COMPUTER USE
• ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION
• EVALUATION OF SOFTWARE: MICROSOFT WORD VERSION 4.0