SUNY series, Afro-Latinx Futures

Racial Formations and Meanings in Puerto Rican Society, 1898-1965

Milagros Denis-Rosario

• Publisher: SUNY Press
• Year: 2022
• ISBN:
  9781438488707
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Latin American & Caribbean History
• Index: History

Drops of Inclusivity examines race and racism on the island of Puerto Rico by combining a wide-angle historical narrative with the individual stories of Black Puerto Ricans. While some of these Afro-Boricuas, such as Roberto Clemente and Ruth Fernández, are well known, others, such as Cecilia Orta and Juan Falú Zarzuela, have been largely forgotten, if remembered at all. Individually and collectively, their words and lives speak to the persistent power of racial hierarchies and responses to them across periods, from the Spanish-American War at the turn of the twentieth century to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s visit to the island in the early 1960s. Drawing on rich archival research, Milagros Denis-Rosario shows how Afro-Boricuas denounced, navigated, and negotiated racism in the fields of education, law enforcement, literature, music, the military, performance, politics, and more. Each instance of self-determination marks a gain in inclusivity— gota a gota, or drop by drop, as the saying goes in Puerto Rico. This study pays homage to them.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: The Illusion of Living in a Non-Racist Racist Society
• Chapter 1 A Revised Account of the New “Colored” Possession: 1898–1920
• Chapter 2 Reshaping Education, Race, and Citizenship: 1920–1930
• Chapter 3 The Twisted Evolution of National Identity: 1930–1940
• Chapter 4 Intersecting Race and Modernization: 1940–1950
• Chapter 5 Strategizing Modernity: 1950–1965
• Chapter 6 The Liga Opened Pandora’s “Black” Box: 1950–1965
• Epilogue: Drop by Drop
• Appendixes
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index
• Back Cover