PART I: THE H-1B BETRAYAL
1
When Barry Met Jennifer
A Texas Momâs Epic Reality Check for the White House
Jennifer Wedel describes herself as a âYouTuberâ with âa sassy mouth.â
The thirty-two-year-old Fort Worth resident has a Texas-sized personality to match. Sheâs wild about her family, Schlotzkyâs sandwiches, and fart jokes. Jennifer is also a self-described âbig, dorky nerdâ about technology and social media. Her YouTube channel, âMomma Wedel,â documents her familyâs âcrazy Texas lifeâ with home videos titled âTICKLED TO DEATH,â âLITTLE GIRL PICKING HER BOOGERS,â âNINJA MOM SNOOPS,â âSILLY STRING PRANK,â and âWEIGHT LOSS FAIL.â1
On January 24, 2012, Jennifer departed from her usual wisecracking family fare. The vivacious online denizen had spotted a âlittle red telephoneâ symbol on her YouTube account dashboard.
âWhat the heck is that?â she thought.2
When she clicked on the icon, she was directed to a solicitation for citizen videos as part of a special event tied to President Obamaâs State of the Union Address. YouTubeâs parent company, Google, launched the public contest in cooperation with the White Houseâa high-visibility opportunity for the social media giant to promote its online video chat service, Google+ Hangout.
Jennifer read the invitation:
If you could hang out with President Obama, what would you ask him? Would your question be about jobs or unemployment? The threat of nuclear weapons? Immigration reform? Whatever your question is, submit it on YouTube for the opportunity to ask the President directly in a special interview over a Google+ Hangout from the White House.3
Momma Wedel marched to her dimly lit bedroom and recorded a twenty-second video. With minimal makeup and noticeable bags under her eyes, the busy wife and mom of two young daughters pointed a wobbly camera toward herself, licked her lips, and began:
âMr. President, my husband was laid off three years ago. He has an electrical engineering degree and has yet to find a job,â she divulged, shaking her head.
âMy question to you,â Jennifer addressed the commander-in-chief bluntly with a slight southern drawl, âis how are you preventing foreigners with H-1B visas from getting American citizensâ jobs?â
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Foreign nationals who enter the U.S. legally are admitted as immigrants (aliens seeking permanent residence), nonimmigrants (such as students, diplomats, tourists, and workers), or refugees/asylees. The H-1B is a nonimmigrant guest worker visa created in 1990.4 The employerânot the foreigner or a family sponsorâmakes the visa application to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services of the Department of Homeland Security. An initial H-1B visa is issued for three years. It can be renewed for another three years. If the H-1B workerâs employer sponsors him or her for legal permanent residency, the H-1B visa can be extended in one-year increments until a green card is granted.
H-1B visas are restricted to âspecialtyâ occupations that normally require a college degree or equivalent professional experienceâplus, believe it or not, fashion models.5 About three-fifths of H-1B visas go to workers in computer-related occupations. Most of the rest go to engineers, scientists, mathematicians, architects, surveyors, elementary and secondary school teachers, nurses, physical therapists, accountants, physicians, and those Beautiful People.
There are three steps required to get an H-1B visa. First, the employer files a Labor Condition Application (LCA) with the Department of Labor. The LCA certifies that an employer will comply with all the labor protection requirements of the H-1B program. Filing an LCA is a simple process that can be done online and costs nothing. Congress requires the Department of Labor to approval all LCAs within seven days as long as the form is filled out correctly. The Department of Labor is also prohibited from subsequently reviewing approved LCAs. As weâll explain in more detail later, the LCA process is nothing more than a meaningless paper-shuffling exercise. Next, the employer files an I-129 âPetition for Non-Immigrant Worker Form.â This complex and costly process usually requires hiring a lawyer. If the petition is approved, the last step is for the worker to obtain the visa from the State Department. Consular offices may require an in-person visit, interview, fingerprinting, and document review. The successful applicant receives a visa stamp in his passport and can now enter the U.S.
The media often use inflated terms such as âbest and brightestâ and âhighly-skilledâ to describe H-1B workers. In reality the standards are low. A bachelorâs degree, even a mail-order one from an Indian diploma mill, is all it takes to qualify.6 As tech journalist Robert X. Cringely points out, âwhen Bill Gates complained about not being able to import enough top technical people for Microsoft, he wasnât talking about geniuses, just normal coders.â7
There is a visa for the worldâs truly talented high achievers called the O visa, which is uncapped and available only to âindividuals with extraordinary ability or achievementâ in the fields of âsciences, arts, education, business, or athletics, or who has a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry and has been recognized nationally or internationally for those achievementsâ who seek âto enter the United States to continue work in the area of extraordinary ability.â8 Google, Apple, and other top tech companies âwill take as many of the O visa candidates as they can get, but there just arenât that many who qualify, which is why quotas arenât required,â Cringely explained. âSo when Microsoftâor Boeing, for that matterâsays a limitation on H-1B visas is keeping them from getting top talent, they donât mean it in the way that they imply. If a prospective employee is really top talentâthe kind of engineer who can truly do things others simply canâtâthere isnât much keeping the company from hiring that person under the O visa program. H-1B visas are about journeyman techies and nothing else.â9
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Darin Wedelâs LinkedIn page is impressive.10 Damned impressive. Heâs an American tech companyâs ideal job candidate. Or rather, he should be.
The science whiz graduated from Texas A&M in 1995 with a BS in electrical engineering. He worked as a process engineer for Hitachi Semiconductor and Dominion Conductor. In 2000, he joined Texas Instruments, the renowned chipmaker whose products range from your high school kidâs graphing calculator to microcontrollers, data converters, processors, and integrated circuits used in touch screens, medical devices, surveillance cameras, tablets, and cars. He is âskilled in complex Electro-Mechanical, vacuum, gas delivery, materials, and quality control systems,â âadept at learning complex hardware and software,â and âskilled in leading edge manufacturing techniques: Six Sigma, SPC, DOE, ISO, FMEA, Predictive Maintenance, defect controls, material inspection, process optimization, capital equipment installation, and equipment development.â
Wedel co-led a cutting-edge development project evaluating a âliquid chemical process precursorâ for ânext generation silicone nitride film.â11 Silicone nitride film, which resists moisture and oxygen, protects the surface of semiconductors. Wedelâs work resulted in a valuable patented process for his company. Scaling the corporate ladder, he spearheaded development of more than forty complex electromechanical systems and manufacturing improvements.
The Texas Instruments electrical engineer prospered. He bought a nice home and lived the middle-class American dream, which talking heads in both political parties bloviate about every election cycle.
But after nine years of working hard and playing by the rules, Darin got laid off.
To the newspapers, he was just another bloodless statistic. âLayoffs spread to more sectors of the economy,â the New York Times blandly reported in January 2009.12 âTech layoff parade continues: TI cuts 12 percent of workforce,â ZDNet.com wrote.13 The company slashed some thirty-four hundred positions through direct pink slips or âvoluntary retirementâ offers to âolderâ workers.
To his own company, he was a faceless liability. After nine successful years in the heart of the DallasâFort Worth tech corridor, the Lone Star Stateâs own Silicon Valley, TI tossed forty-three-year-old Darin into the swirling currents of the highly skilled unemployedâand threw his family into financial and emotional chaos.
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To fully appreciate the political fraud and continuing bureaucratic molestation of Americaâs nonimmigrant visa programs, we must first travel back to the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (known as the McCarran-Walter Act). Congress enacted the Democratic-sponsored bill over President Trumanâs veto to manage the flow of foreigners into America. With the Cold War and communist threat foremost on the nationâs mind, an overwhelming majority of lawmakers approved McCarran-Walterâs continuation of a national origins quota system (in place since 1924), combined with an orderly process to handle immigrants based on humanitarian reasons and a new set of visa preferences based on family reunification or skills.14
The law created two main guest worker visas: H-1 for guest workers with distinguished ability and H-2 for ordinary guest workers. (A third category was created for trainees.) The H-1 and H-2 visas had one feature in common and one major difference. Both visas were strictly guest worker programs. The alien had to maintain a foreign residence to qualify. The H-1 visa differed from the H-2 visa in that it did not require showing that Americans were not available for the job. It is clear from the legislative history15 that Congress originally intended that the H-1 visa would be restricted to truly extraordinary people, such as distinguished professors and other âoutstanding scholars, scientists, and teachersâ of âexceptional ability whose services are needed in the country.â16 Lawmakers mistakenly assumed that for a small...