Chapter 1
Why Remote Research?
The Appeal of Lab Research
Is Lab Research Dead?
Whatâs Remote Research GoodFor?
When to Go Remote
Moderated vs. Automated
When to Use Which Remote Method
Chapter Summary
In-person lab research used to be the only game in town, and as with most industry practices, its procedures were developed, refined, and standardized, and then became entrenched in the corporate R&D product development cycle. Practically everything gets tested in a lab nowadays: commercial Web sites, professional and consumer software, even video games (see Figure 1.1).
Photo courtesy of Danny Hope
Figure 1.1 http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosenfeldmedia/4218821411/
Brighton Universityâs usability lab, from behind the traditional two-waymirror.
Brighton Universityâs usability lab, from behind the traditional two-waymirror.
The Appeal of Lab Research
Part of the appeal of lab-based user research was that it provided a seemingly scientific basis for making decisions by using observational data, instead of someoneâs error-prone gut instincts. Stakeholders appreciated the firm protocol and apparent reliability of properly managed lab research. Lots of user research practitioners continue to perform lab research just because itâs what people have been doing for a long time.
Is Lab Research Dead?
Heck no. Lab and remote research share the same broad purpose: to understand how people interact and behave with the thing youâve made (from here on, letâs just call it âthe interfaceâ). Thereâs no need to set up a false opposition between the two approachesâone isnât inherently better than the other. Despite the versatility of remote research, there are lots of reasons you might want to conduct an in-person study instead, most of which have to do with security, equipment, or the type of interaction you want to have with your research participants. More generally, lab research is appropriate when you need a high degree of control over some aspect of the session, such as the following situations.
Info security. Security is often a concern for institutions like banks and hospitals, which deal in sensitive information, or companies concerned with guarding certain types of intellectual property. If youâre testing a top-secret prototype, you obviously donât want to let people access something from their home computer, where it could be saved or screen-captured. On the other hand, you might also be doing a study on users who would be secretive about sharing whatâs on their screenâgovernment employees, doctors, or lab technicians, for instance. Either way, youâll want to test users in a controlled lab environment to keep things confidential, especially if what youâre testing is so hush-hush that you must have your users sign a nondisclosure form.
Inability to use screen sharing. You might also want to use a lab if your users are unable to share their screen over the Internet, for whatever reason. Some studies (of rural users, cybercafe patrons, etc.) may require you to talk to users who donât have reliable high-speed Internet connections, who own computers too slow or unstable to use screen sharing services effectively, or who have operating systems incompatible with the screen sharing tools youâre using. These restrictions apply only to moderated studies, for which you need to see whatâs on your usersâ screens.
The need for special equipment. Depending on the interface youâre testing, you may require certain special software or physical equipment to run the study properly, which is most often the case with software thatâs still under development. Getting users to install and configure tools to run elaborate software can be a pain (though thatâs not unheard of), and requiring users to have certain equipment can make recruiting needlessly difficult.
The importance of seeing the userâs body. Some kinds of research will require you to study certain things about the user that are difficult to gather remotely. UX research has recently begun using eye-tracking studies, and for that kind of study, youâd need to bring the users to the eye-tracking device. Other studies might require you to attend to the participantsâ physical movements, which may be difficult to capture with a stationary webcam. And then there are multiuser testing sessions, in which a single research moderator facilitates many participants at once; screen sharing is currently not well suited to sharing multiple desktops at once, though some tools (e.g., GoToMeeting) make it relatively painless to switch from one desktop to another. We want to emphasize, however, that for most studies, seeing the user at all is not actually important; we explain why in Chapters 5, âModerating,â (see âAinât Nothing Wrong with Using the Phoneâ) and 10, âThe Challenges of Remote Testing.â
Although these situations are all compelling reasons to conduct in-person research, part of what we want to demonstrate in this book is that remote research is very broad and adaptable, and even if a study is conducted in a lab, elements of remote methods can be adapted and incorporated to enhance in-person research methods. Weâll get to that in Chapter9, âNew Approaches to User Research.â