An Indiscreet Chronicle from the Pacific

Putnam Weale

• Verlag: Routledge
• Jahr: 2016
• ISBN:
  9781317243861
• Auflage: 1
• Thema: Historia
• Thema: Historia japonesa

The Anglo-Japanese Alliance Treaty was first signed in January 1902 and was seen as a major milestone in diplomatic relations as well as seeing an end to Great Britain's 'Splendid Isolation' policy. Originally published in 1922, Weale's study aims to outline the steps taken to bring about the demise of the treaty with a focus on how countries such as The United States and Canada contributed to this. This title will be of interest to students of Politics, International Relations and Asian studies.

Appendix
The Decisions of The Washington Conference

1. ABMS TBEATIES:
   1. Four-Power Treaty and Annex.
   2. The Five-Power Naval Treaty.
   3. Submarines and Poison Gas Treaty.
2. TREATIES AND RESOLUTIONS AFFECTING CHINA:
   1. The Nine-Power Treaty.
   2. Chinese Tariff Treaty.
   3. The Shantung Treaty.
   4. Resolution regarding a Board of Reference to secure the principle of the Open Door in China.
   5. Resolutions regarding Chinese railways.
   6. Resolution regarding reduction of Chinese armies.
   7. Resolution regarding publication of all international commitments affecting China.
   8. Resolutions banishing spheres of influence.
   9. Resolution regarding Radio Stations in China.

The nine commissions, conferences, or boards established, were:—

1. A five-power conference (created by the naval limitation treaty), to meet eight years hence to discuss the question of naval armament anew.
2. A five-power commission to revise the rules of warfare in the light of the World War.
3. A board of reference to consider economic and railway questions in China—what may be called the Open Door Commission.
4. A nine-power commission on "extraterritoriality" rights in China.
5. A special conference to prepare the way for Chinese tariff revision.
6. A separate commission to revise the existing Chinese tariff.
7. A conference of Chinese officials and foreign diplomats at Peking, to meet subject to China's request, in order to determine the procedure under which foreign military or police troops shall be withdrawn from China.
8. A conference of the managers of foreign wireless stations in China and the Chinese Communications Minister, to work out the details of radio regulation.
9. A joint Sino-Japanese Shantung Commission to determine the procedure under which Japan shall restore Kiaochow and Shantung rights to China.

A
1. The Four-Power Treaty and Annex

THE UNITED STATES OF AMEBICA, THE BBITISH EMPIRE, FRANCE AND JAPAN,

With a view to the preservation of the general peace and the maintenance of their rights in relation to their insular possessions in the region of the Pacific Ocean,

Have determined to conclude a treaty to this effect, and have appointed as their plenipotentiaries:

The President of the United States of America.

Charles Evans Hughes, Henry Cabot Lodge, Oscar W. Underwood and Elihu Root, citizens of the United States.

His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, Emperor of India.

The Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour, O.M., M.P., Lord President of his Privy Council.

The Right Hon. Baron Lee of Fareham, G.E.E., K.C.B., First Lord of his Admiralty.

The Right Hon. Sir Auckland Campbell Geddes, K.C.B., his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America.

And for the Dominion of Canada, the Right Hon, Robert Laird Borden, G.C.M.G., K.C.

For the Commonwealth of Australia, the Hon. Georges Foster Pearce, Minister of Defence.

For the Dominion of New Zealand, Sir John William Salmond, K.C., Judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand.

For the Union of South Africa, the Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour, O.M., M.P.

For India, the Right Hon. Valingman Sankaranarayana Srinivasa Sastri, member of the Indian Council of State.

The President of the French Republic.

Mr. René Viviani, Deputy, former President of the Council of Ministers.

Mr. Albert Sarraut, Deputy, Minister of the Colonies.

Mr. Jules J. Jusserand, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honor.

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.

Baron Tomosahuro Kato, Minister for the Navy, Junti, a member of the first class of the Imperial Order of the Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun with the Paulownia Flowers.

Baron Kijuro Shidehara, his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Washington, Jusjii, a member of the first class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun.

Prince Ivesato Tokugawa, Junii, a member of the first class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun.

Mr. Masanao Hamhara, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jushii, a member of the second class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun.

Who having communicated their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed as follows:

1. The high Contracting parties agree as between themselves to respect their rights In relation to their insular dominions in the region of the Pacific Ocean.
   If there should develop between any of the high contracting parties a controversy arising out of any Pacific question and involving their said rights which is not satisfactorily settled by diplomacy and is likely to affect the harmonious accord now happily subsisting between them, they shall invite the other high contracting parties to a joint conference to which the whole subject will be referred for consideration and adjustment.
2. If the said rights are threatened by the aggressive action of any other power, the high contracting parties shall communicate with one another fully and frankly in order to arrive at an understanding as to the most efficient measures to be taken, jointly or separately, to meet the exigencies of the particular situation.
3. This treaty shall remain in force for ten years from the time it shall take effect, and after the expiration of said period it shall continue to be in force, subject to the right of any of the high contracting parties to terminate it upon twelve months' notice.
4. This treaty shall be ratified as soon as possible in accordance with the constitutional methods of the high contracting parties, and shall take effect on the deposit of ratification, which shall take place at Washington, and thereupon the agreement between Great Britain and Japan, which was concluded in London on July 13, 1911, shall terminate.

The Government of the United States will transmit to all the signatory powers a certified copy of the procès verbal of the deposit of ratifications.

The present treaty, in French and in English, shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States, and duly certified copies thereof will be transmitted by that Government to each of the signatory powers.

In faith whereof the above-named plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty.

Done at the City of Washington, the thirteenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-one.

Following is the text of the reservation note, prepared by the American delegates and accepted by the other powers:

In signing the treaty this day between the United States of America, the British Empire, France and Japan, it is declared to be the understanding and intent of the signatory powers:

1. That the treaty shall apply to the mandated islands in the Pacific Ocean, provided, however, that the making of the treaty shall not be deemed to be an assent on the part of the United States of America to the mandates and shall not preclude agreements between the United States of America and the mandatory powers, respectively, in relation to the mandated islands.
2. That the controversies to which the second paragraph of Article I refers shall not be taken to embrace questions which according to principles of international law lie exclusively within the domestic jurisdiction of the respective powers.

Washington, D. C., Dec, 13, 1921.

Annex to Pacific Treaty

ADOPTED ON 4TH FEBRUARY, 1922, AND SIGNED ON THE 6TH FEBRUARY

The United States of America, the British Empire, France and Japan have, through their respective plenipotentiaries, agreed upon the following stipulations supplementary to the quadruple treaty signed at Washington on Dec. 13, 1921: The term "insular possessions and insular dominions" used in the aforesaid treaty shall, in its application to Japan, include only Karafuto (or the southern portion of the island of Saghalin), Formosa and the Pescadores and the islands under the mandate of Japan.

The present agreement shall have the same force and effect as the said treaty, to which it is supplementary.

The provision of Article IV of the aforesaid treaty of Dec. 13, 1921, relating to ratification, shall be applicable to the present agreement, which, in French and English, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States, and duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to each of the other contracting Powers.

In faith whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present Agreement. Done at the City of Washington, 6th February, 1922.

2. The Five-Power Naval Treaty

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE BRITISH EMPIRE, FRANCE, ITALY AND JAPAN,

Desiring to contribute to the maintenance of the general peace, and to reduce the burdens of competition in armament, Have resolved, with a view to accomplishing these pur- poses, to conclude a treaty to limit their respective naval armament, and to that end have appointed as their plenipotentiaries:

• The President of the United States of America:
  • Charles Evans Hughes,
  • Henry Cabot Lodge,
  • Oscar W. Underwood,
  • Elihu Root,
    • Citizens of the United States;

• His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India;
  • The Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour, O.M., M.P., Lord President of his Privy Council;
  • The Right Hon. Baron Lee of Fareham, G.B.E., K.C.B., First Lord of his Admiralty;
  • The Right Hon. Sir Auckland Campbell Geddes, K.C.B., his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America;
• and for the Dominion of Canada:
  • The Right Hon. Sir Robert Laird Borden, G.C.M.G., K.C.;
• for the Commonwealth of Australia:
  • Senator the Right Hon. George Foster Pearce, Minister for Home and Territories;
• for the Dominion of New Zealand:
  • The Hon. Sir John William Salmond, K.C., Judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand;
• for the Union of South Africa:
  • The Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour, O.M., M.P.;
• for India:
  • The Right Hon. Yalingman Sankaranarayana Srinivasa Sastri, member of the Indian Council of State;
• The President of the French Republic:
  • M. Albert Sarraut, Deputy, Minister of the Colonies;
  • M. Jules J. Jusserand, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, Grand Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honour;
• His Majesty the King of Italy:
  • The Hon. Carlo Schanzer, Senator of the Kingdom;
  • The Hon. Vittorio Rolandi Ricci, Senator of the Kingdom, his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Washington;
  • The Hon. Luigi Albertini, Senator of the Kingdom;
• His Majesty the Emperor of Japan:
  • Baron Tomosaburo Kato, Minister for the Navy, Junii, a member of the first class of the Imperial Order of the Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun with the Paulownia Flower;
  • Baron Kijuro Shidehara, his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Washington, Joshii, a member of the first class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun;
  • Mr. Masanao Hanihara, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jushii, a member of the second class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun,

who, having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows:

CHAPTER I
General Provisions Relating to the Limitation of Naval Armament

Article 1. The contracting powers agree to limit their respective naval armament as provided in the present treaty.

Article 2. The contracting powers may retain respectively the capital ships which are specified in Chapter II, Part 1. On the coming into force of the present treaty, but subject to the following provisions of this article, all other capital ships, built or building, of the United States, the British Empire and Japan shall be disposed of as prescribed in Chapter II...

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Original Title
• Original Copyright
• Contents
• I THE PROBLEM
• II THE INSTRUMENTALITY OF CANADA
• III THE UNITED STATES TAKES A FIRST STEP
• IV THE IMPERIAL CONFERENCE OF 1921
• V CANOSSA
• VI WASHINGTON IN NOVEMBER
• VII CLIMAX AND ANTI-CLIMAX
• VIII THE RECKONING
• APPENDIX. THE WASHINGTON TREATIES AND RESOLUTIONS