A Neuropsychologist's Guide to Training Psychometrists
Promoting Competence in Psychological Testing
Christine S. Ghilain
- 146 Seiten
- English
- ePUB (handyfreundlich)
- Ăber iOS und Android verfĂŒgbar
A Neuropsychologist's Guide to Training Psychometrists
Promoting Competence in Psychological Testing
Christine S. Ghilain
Ăber dieses Buch
A Neuropsychologist's Guide to Training Psychometrists: Promoting Competence in Psychological Testing provides a framework for busy neuropsychologists faced with training their newly-hired psychometrist. It supplies concrete guidelines and provides a roadmap for training that can be customized to any practice, department, or clinic setting.
In this essential resource, Dr. Christine S. Ghilain discusses the role of the psychometrist in various neuropsychological practice settings and provides suggested minimum standards of competence across training domains. She dives deeply into the core components of assessmentâfrom optimizing testing conditions, to standardized test administration, to keen observations of behaviorâand includes coverage of topics such as testing with unique populations, behavioral management strategies for challenging situations, as well as promoting ongoing competence over time. A compilation of several sources of data, the book includes excerpts from Dr. Ghilain's practice-specific psychometry training manual along with advice and illustrative examples from many neuropsychologists and psychometrists who shared their experiences.
This book is an indispensable guide for neuropsychologists looking to instill high standards of competence in their hired professionals and for those involved in training graduate students who are just learning to administer cognitive tests. It is also of interest to other assessment-focused professionals looking to enhance their skills and refine their psychological testing knowledge.
HĂ€ufig gestellte Fragen
Information
1 Assessment
The Backbone of the Profession of Neuropsychology
Trends in Psychological Assessment Training
Neuropsychology as a Distinct Subspecialty of Psychology
- 1875: The term âneuropsychologyâ was first found written or printed in 1875 (Merriam-Webster, 2021).
- 1888: Conrad Rieger, a WĂŒrzburg neuropsychiatrist, published the first systematic neuropsychological battery (Benton, 2000).
- In the late 1800s, James McKeen Cattell first used the term âmental testsâ and was the first to create a standardized test battery that could be used to compare performance across individuals (Cattell, 1890).
- Early in the 1900s, intelligence and psychological testing was used for educational placement, immigration, and military classification but notably lacked the ability to quantify behavioral changes observed in individuals with psychopathology (Barr, 2018).
- Because early psychological testing was so limited, and one test would not capture all brain damage, psychological test batteries in the early 1900s arose out of a desire to characterize the behavioral effects of psychopathology (Barr, 2018).
- Kurt Goldstein studied World War I (1914â1918) soldiers who sustained traumatic brain injuries in battle (Kent, 2020).
- 1919: Shepard Ivory Franz used the first extended psychological battery in a clinical setting at McLean Hospital of Boston (Franz, 1919).
- 1920s: Alexander Luria studied cognition, particularly aphasia, and treated Russian soldiers who sustained traumatic brain injuries in World War II (Greiffenstein & Morgan, 2020). Luria used a case-study approach to treating patients in a highly nuanced, patient-centered, and qualitative neuropsychological assessment method (Kent, 2020). The 1920s were described by E.G. Boring, famous psychological historian, as the âage of mental testingâ (Boring, 1950).
- 1921: Hermann Rorschach introduced his inkblot test to diagnose psychological conditions.
- 1930s: Luriaâs studies of Russian soldiers with brain injuries enabled him to systematically record the modular geography of the brain.
- 1940: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was first published to objectively measure symptoms in psychiatric patients (Hathaway & McKinley, 1943).
- 1940â1950s: Frontal lobotomies and leukotomies were practiced to demonstrate personality changes.
- 1947: Halstead Neuropsychological Battery was created (Halstead, 1947).
- First half of 1900s: David Wechsler and Alfred Binet advocated for the results of intelligence testing to be considered in the context of the examineeâs personality, social status, work, and medical histories, which highlighted the importance of both qualitative and quantitative data in assessing intelligence (Kent, 2020).
- 1953: Henry Gustav Molaison, or âH.M.,â underwent a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy in an attempt to treat refractory epilepsy. The surgery resulted in dense amnesia due to bilateral hippocampal damage and H.M. became the focus of many neuropsychological studies.
- 1954: Paul Meehl characterized two diverging methods of testing used by psychologists: âstatisticalâ (quantitative) versus âclinicalâ (qualitative, projective/Rorschach) (Meehl, 1954; Barr, 2018).
- 1963: Neuropsychologia, the first journal dedicated to neuropsychology, was published. The second, Cortex, was first published in 1964 (Boake, 2008).
- 1965: Normand Geschwind published âDisconnection Syndromes in Animals and Men,â a catalog of disconnection syndromes that result from severing the corpus callosum.
- 1967: The International Neuropsychological Society (INS) was formed as the first open-membership organization dedicated to the study of brainâbehavior relationships, with its first meeting held in New Orleans in 1973 (Boake, 2008).
- 1974: Luriaâs patient-centered methods were standardized by Anne-Lise Christensen, resulting in the Luria Neuropsychological Battery.
- 1975: The National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN) was founded.
- 1976: Muriel Lezak published Neuropsychological Assessment, and it was advertised as the first sourcebook on adult neuropsychology (Kent, 2020). He also introduced the concept of a flexible battery approach (Lezak, 1976).
- 1977: INS forms a task force, led by Manfred Meier, on the Education, Accreditation, and Credentialing in Clinical Neuropsychology (Meier, 1981, 1992) focused on the development of educational and training guidelines in professional psychology.
- 1980: Division 40 of the APA (now called the Society for Clinical Neuropsychology) was established; it is now the largest division of APA.
- 1982: ABPP recognized the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) as a specialty board (Lucas et al., 2014).
- 1988: Edith Kaplan published on the process approach, identifying and discussing multiple processes that could underlie a particular behavior and focusing on the âwhyâ or âhowâ a failure occurred or score was obtained (Kaplan, 1988).
- 1994: The Association of Postdoctoral Programs in Clinical Neuropsychology (APPCN) was formed.
- By 1995, the Association for Doctoral Education in Clinical Neuropsychology (ADECN) and the Association of Internship Training in Clinical Neuropsychology (AITCN) were formed.
- 1995: The Clinical Neuropsychology Synarchy (CNS) was formed as a consensus voice of the specialty.
- 1996: Clinical neuropsychology was recognized as a psychological specialty, along with clinical, school, and counseling psychology specialties by the Commission for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology (CRSPPP; Boake, 2008).
- 1997: The Houston Conference was held on the University of Houstonâs campus, from which a policy statement was issued outlining recommendations for training beginning at the undergraduate level for those interested in becoming a clinical neuropsychologist (Hannay et al., 1998; Bodin et al., 2016).