Perspectives on the Blue Economy

Vijay Sakhuja, Kapil Narula

• Editorial: VIJ Books (India) Pty Ltd
• Año: 2017
• ISBN:
  9789385563997
• Edición: 1
• Categoría: Politics & International Relations
• Categoría: Politics

This volume is a collection of short essays articles on the multidimensional aspects of the blue economy. It presents perspectives on the concept and the essential ingredients of the blue economy such as marine resources, maritime infrastructure and marine environment. International cooperative approaches to promote blue economy, the role of maritime governance and capacity building are discussed in the context of implementing the blue economy. The book also promotes the importance of sustainable utilization of the oceans which lies at the core of the blue economy.

Appendix

Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG14)-Goals, targets and specific indicators

Goal 14.Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

Target 14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.

Indicator 14.1.1: Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density

Target 14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.

Indicator 14.2.1: Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches

Target 14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

Indicator 14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations

Target 14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

Indicator 14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Target 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

Indicator 14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas

Target 14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation¹

Indicator 14.6.1 Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing

Target 14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

Indicator 14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a percentage of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries

Target 14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries

Indicator 14.a.1 Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology

Target 14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets

Indicator 14.b.1 Progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/ regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries

Target 14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want”

Indicator 14.c.1 Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean- related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources.

1 Taking into account ongoing World Trade Organization negotiations, the Doha Development Agenda and the Hong Kong ministerial mandate.

Perth Principles

Declaration of the Indian Ocean Rim Association on the principles for peaceful, productive and sustainable use of the Indian Ocean and its resources

WE, the Foreign Ministers of the Member States of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Yemen, on the occasion of the thirteenth Council of Ministers’ Meeting (COMM)

1.REITERATING that IORA is the apex pan-regional organisation for the Indian Ocean.

2.RECALLING the six priority areas of cooperation agreed at the eleventh COMM in Bengaluru, namely: Maritime Safety and Security; Trade and Investment Facilitation; Fisheries Management; Disaster Risk Management; Academic and Science and Technology Cooperation; and Tourism and Cultural Exchanges.

3.RECALLING ALSO our desire to promote the sustainable growth and balanced development of the Indian Ocean region and IORA Member States, and to create common ground for regional economic cooperation.

4. COMMITTED to promoting cooperation and collaboration between IORA and other Indian Ocean regional stakeholders including Dialogue Partner States and other regional and international forums.

5. REAFFIRMING our commitment to the Charter of the United Nations, to the Charter of IORA, and to the applicable principles of international law.

6. REAFFIRMING ALSO our commitment to ‘The Future We Want’,as adopted at the 2012 United Nation as Conference on Sustainable Development, and to the protection, restoration, health, productivity and resilience of the Indian Ocean and its resources.

7.RECOGNISING that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources and plays a vital role in maintaining peaceful cooperation and stability across the Indian Ocean.

HEREBY DECLARE AS FOLLOWS:

That the Member States of IORA are guided by the following principles for productive and sustainable use of the Indian Ocean and its resources:

1.Recognition of the importance of the Indian Ocean’s biodiversity, including its marine life and ecosystems.

2.Commitment to the conservation and sustainable use of the Indian Ocean and its resources in accordance with international law, including fisheries stocks, water and seabed resources and other marine life; and commitment to deliver on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

3.Recognition of the important contributionof the conservation and sustainable use ofthe Indian Ocean and its resources to poverty eradication, sustained economic growth, food security and creation of sustainable livelihoods and decent work.

4.Recognition of the importance of building the capacity of countries to conserve, sustainably manage and realise the benefits of sustainable fisheries.

5.Commitment to intensify efforts, individually and collectively, to take the measures necessary to maintain or restore all fish stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield.

6.Commitment to understand and address the main threats to the Indian Ocean and its resources, including illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, unsustainable fishing practices, loss of critical coastal ecosystems and the adverse impacts of pollution, ocean acidification, marine debris, and invasive species on the marine environment.

7. Recognition of the importance of building the capacity of countries to understand, forecast and address marine, ocean and climate science issues in the Indian Ocean.

ADOPTED by the Foreign Ministers of the Member States of the Indian Ocean Rim Association on 1 November 2013 in Perth, Australia.

Perth

November 1st, 2013

Blue Economy, Abu Dhabi Declaration, 2014

We, the participating Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives, having met in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, from 19 to 20 January 2014, held as part of the Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week and in preparation for the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States in Apia, Samoa in September 2014, with the participation of civil society, discussed how to utilise and implement the Blue Economy as a tool to enable the transition of development models for island and coastal States towards sustainable development.

Noting that the Blue Economy, founded in line with the concept and principles of, and mutually supportive with the Green Economy, is a tool that offers specific mechanisms for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and coastal countries to address their sustainable development challenges.

Recognising the significant contribution that the Blue Economy can make towards the alleviation of hunger, poverty eradication, creation of sustainable livelihoods and mitigation of climate change.

Cognisant of the fundamental importance of the marine environment and its resources to future, inclusive sustainable development — inter alia:

➢ Fisheries and their vital role in providing food security and sustainable livelihoods,

➢ Tourism as a source of decent employment and a contributor to poverty alleviation,

➢ As a source of renewable energy from wind, wave, tidal, thermal and biomass sources.

➢ As a source of hydrocarbon and mineral resources.

➢As the primary medium of global trade through shipping and port facilities.

Aware and greatly concerned that the oceans of the world are threatened and being seriously degraded by unsustainable exploitation, pollution, habitat destruction and acidification and being determined to address these threats.

Welcoming the report of the Regional Preparatory Meeting of Small Island Developing States of the Atlantic Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and South China Seas held in Seychelles from 17-19 July 2013.

Welcoming the report of the Nairobi Convention Regional Workshop on: Contributions of Natural Blue Capital to a Green Economy, held in Seychelles 11-13 December 2013.

Recognising that States should take efforts to ...

Índice

• Halftitle
• title
• copyright
• Foreword
• Introduction
• Concept
• Marine Resources
• Marine Infrastructure and Transport
• Environmental Preservation
• International Cooperative Approaches
• Maritime Governance and Capacity Building
• Appendices
• Index