Mochlos IVA: Period III. The House of the Metal Merchant and Other Buildings in the Neopalatial Town

Jeffrey S. Soles, Costis Davaras

• Editorial: INSTAP Academic Press (Institute for Aegean Prehistory)
• Año: 2022
• ISBN:
  9781623034382
• Categoría: Ciencias sociales
• Categoría: Arqueología

This two-volume set—which includes the text in volume 1 and the concordance, tables, figures, and plates in volume 2—presents the finds from the Greek-American excavation of a Late Bronze Age town that was carried out between 1989 and 2012 on the island of Mochlos in northeastern Crete. Its focus is the House of the Metal Merchant, the best preserved of the buildings in the excavation, where two large bronze hoards were discovered in 1993 and 2004. The books also describe the Neopalatial town plan and 13 other structures in the settlement, including two from the 1908 excavation, as travelers would come upon them when they entered the town in the Late Minoan IB period. It leads the reader on the route one might take on the two roads that ran through the settlement—one a narrow corridor, the other a major avenue—and describes the buildings that visitors would pass as they came upon them. The structures include seven ordinary houses, a hostel, two shrines and their adjacent service buildings, and one storage facility. Each building is discussed, including a description of its stratigraphy, its architecture, its small finds, its ecofactual material, its function, and the use of its different rooms.

Índice

• History and Plan of the Neopalatial Town
• House C.3: The House of the Metal Merchant
• House of the Theran Refugee and otherbuildings in the Neopalatial Town
• Metal Objects, Materials, and Sources
• Seals and Clay Sealing
• Small Finds of Bone, Ceramic, Shell, and Stone
• Textile Production
• Obsidian Consumption
• Ground Stone Implements
• The Plasters
• Animal Remains: Exploring Human-Animal Relations
• Microvertebrate Fauna
• Palaeobotany: Cultivation and Agricultural Practices
• Wood Charcoal
• Everyday Life in a Prosperous Minoan Town,ca. 1700–1430 b.c.
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• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• List of Plates
• Field Numbers and Catalog Numbers forMochlos vols. IVA, IVB
• Table 3.1. Number of ingots by weight from hoards in House C.3 and the Artisans’ Quarter.
• Table 3.2. Amount of waste by weight from the main settlement and the Artisans’ Quarter.
• Table 3.3. Metal objects, with those classified as scrap in parentheses.
• Table 3.4. Metal weight percentages: XRF analysis results. Data in italics indicate corroded metal and are only indicative of composition. Tr. = trace amounts.
• Table 3.5. Lead isotope ratios and sources of sampled metal from House C.3 foundry hoard.
• Table 5.1. Findspots of drains.
• Table 7.1. State of excavation and activity overview by context.
• Table 7.2. Neopalatial structures under discussion with exposed Prepalatial and Protopalatial deposits.
• Table 7.3. Quantity of chipped stone by structure (only Neopalatial contexts).
• Table 7.4. Retouched obsidian tools by context and type (assemblages ≥20).
• Table 7.5. Relative quantities of retouched implements in Protopalatial and Neopalatial Aegean Bronze Age obsidian assemblages (*Houses B.4, C.1–C.4, C.6, C.10, C.12, D.7, temenos). Sources: Hagia Eirene, Torrence 1986; Akrotiri, Moundrea-Agrafioti 1990;
• Table 7.6. Average width and thickness of obsidian blades from the plein débitage from Protopalatial and Neopalatial Aegean Bronze Age assemblages (*Houses B.4, C.1–C.4, C.6, C.10, C.12, D.7, temenos). Sources: Myrtos-Pyrgos and Hagia Eirene, Torrence 198
• Table 7.7. Level of blade production for contexts with ≥20 pieces of obsidian (minimum blades = number of proximal segments; estimated blades = 30–40 per core, in-house products = minimum blades divided by 35 blades per core).
• Table 9.1. Results of elemental analyses by LIBS and XRF of pigments on plaster and a pigmented rock from the Artisans’ Quarte .
• Table 10.1. Mochlos marine invertebrates from the entire LM IB horizon and from House C.3, Room 1.6. Table based on MNI. * = number of fragments, ** = instances of presence.
• Table 10.2. Mochlos fish taxonomic representations from the entire LM IB horizon and from selected rooms. Table based on NISP.
• Table 10.3. Mochlos, House C.3, animal remains from LM IB floors of various rooms (material from successive floors is presented together). * = LM IB floors found collapsed into the rooms below them.
• Table 10.4. Mochlos LM IB: mammal remains from all contexts.
• Table 10.5. Mochlos LM IB pigs: age at death, information based on epiphyseal fusion (after Silver 1969) from 89 specimens.
• Table 10.6. Mochlos LM IB pigs: age at death, information based on mandibular teeth eruption and wear data.
• Table 10.7. Mochlos LM IB: anatomical representation for the mammalian remains.
• Table 10.8. Mochlos LM IB: distribution of pig bones by building.
• Table 10.9. Measurements of Mochlos animal remains, measurements in millimeters.
• Table 10.10. Mochlos LM IA: ovicaprids’ age at death, information based on mandibular teeth eruption and wear data.
• Table 10.11. Mochlos LM IB: sheep, goats, and indeterminate ovicaprids age at death, information based on mandibles and loose eeth (M3, dp4).
• Table 10.12. Mochlos LM IB: sheep and goats age at death, information based on mandibles and loose teeth after the incorporation of the data on indeterminate ovicaprids (the proportion of sheep to goats is approximately 2:1).
• Table 10.13. Mochlos LM IB: ovicaprids’ age at death, information based on epiphyseal fusion (after Silver 1969) from 371 specimens.
• Table 10.14. Mochlos LM IB: cut marks on animal bones.
• Table 10.15. Mochlos LM IB: fish otoliths, measurements in millimeters.
• Table 10.16. Mochlos LM IB: fish vertebrae, measurements in millimeters.
• Table 10.17. Mochlos LM IB: zooarchaeological profile of kitchens and other cooking areas.
• Table 10.18. Mochlos LM IA: mammal remains from all contexts.
• Table 10.19. Mochlos LM IA pigs: age at death, information based on epiphyseal fusion (after Silver 1969) from 89 specimens.
• Table 10.20. Mochlos LM IA: anatomical part representation for the mammalian remains.
• Table 10.21. Mochlos LM IA: ovicaprids’ age at death, information based on epiphyseal fusion (after Silver 1969), 37 specimens.
• Table 10.22. Mochlos LM IA: ovicaprids’ age at death, information based on mandibular teeth eruption and wear data (after Payne 1973).
• Table 10.23. Mochlos LM IA: fish remains.
• Table 10.24. Mochlos LM IA: molluscan remains. *Charonia sp. expressed as number of fragments and is not included in Total cou t. It is marked with an asterisk (*) on the basis of their small size and lack of information on their edibility.
• Table 10.26. Mochlos MM III–MM III/LM IA: ovicaprids’ age at death, information based on teeth eruption and wear data (after Payne 1973).
• Table 10.27. Mochlos MM III–MM III/LM IA: ovicaprids’ age at death, information based on epiphyseal fusion (after Silver 1969) from 16 specimens.
• Table 10.28. Mochlos MM III–MM III/LM IA: fish remains.
• Table 10.29. Mochlos MM III–MM III/LM IA: marine molluscan remains. (Sea urchins are marked as “present’ because the extreme fragmentation of their shell makes the calculation of MNI impossible.)
• Table 10.30. Neopalatial assemblages of animal remains from Crete. Data from some of these publications have, where possible, een processed by grouping or regrouping them chronologically for the purposes of the current study (see also Moody 2012).
• Table 11.1. Micromammal NISP from House C.3. L = left, R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, pr. ep. = proximal epiphysis, s = shaft.
• Table 11.2. Micromammal NISP from Building C.10. L = left, R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.3. Micromammal NISP from House C.2. L = left, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.4. Micromammal NISP from House C.1. R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.5. Reptile and bird NISP from the Neopalatial settlement. De = distal end, pe = proximal end.
• Table 11.6. Micromammal MNI per genus from the Neopalatial settlement. L = left, R = right.
• Table 11.7. Occlusal measurements of teeth of Crocidura suaveolens. AW = anterior width, BL = buccal length, H. = height, L. = length, LL = lingual length, PE = length to the posterior emargination, PW = posterior width, TAW = talonid width, TRW = trigoni
• Table 11.8. Occlusal measurements of molars of Suncus etruscus. L. = length, TAW = talonid width, TRW = trigonid width, W. = width.
• Table 11.9. Occlusal measurements of molars of Mus musculus.
• Table 11.10. Occlusal measurements of molars of Apodemus sp. from the Artisans’ Quarter.
• Table 11.11. Micromammal NISP from House C.4. R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.12. Micromammal NISP from the west corridor between Houses C.2–C.4. R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.13. Micromammal NISP from House C.5. R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end.
• Table 11.14. Micromammal NISP from House C.6. L = left, R = right, de = distal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.15. Micromammal NISP from Building C.12. L = left, R = right, pe = proximal end.
• Table 11.16. Micromammal NISP from the temenos, east room. De = distal end, pe = proximal end, s = shaft.
• Table 11.17. Micromammal NISP from Plateia B. L = left, R = right, de = distal end, pe = proximal end, pr. ep. = proximal epiphysis.
• Table 11.18. Breakage patterns for the main limb bones by period (after Andrews 1990, fig. 3.7). Mur = Muridae, Sor = Soricidae.
• Table 11.19. Breakage patterns of mandibles and maxillae per period (after experiments conducted by Andrews 1990, figs. 1.8, 3.12).
• Table 12.1. Plant remains in various Mochlos buildings.
• Table 12.2. Late Minoan IB plant remains in House C.3.
• Table 12.3. Late Minoan IB plant remains in other buildings and spaces.
• Table 12.4. Late Minoan IA plant remains.
• Table 12.5. Middle Minoan III–LM IA plant remains.
• Table 13.1. Qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis for the three phases of Neopalatial Mochlos.
• Table 13.2. Late Minoan IB houses and open areas that provided wood charcoal samples for analysis. For each case the number of sampled spaces, the number of analyzed wood charcoal fragments, and the number of identified taxa are shown.
• Table 13.3. Summarized qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis for each one of the LM IB houses and open areas.
• Table 13.4. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.1 by room and context.
• Table 13.5. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.2 by room and context.
• Table 13.6A. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.3 by room and context, upper story.
• Table 13.6B. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.3 by room and context, ground floor.
• Table 13.6C. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.3 by room and context, additions to original structure.
• Table 13.6D. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.3, summarizing material from upper story, ground floor, and additions to original structure.
• Table 13.7. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.4 by context.
• Table 13.8. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.5 by room and context.
• Table 13.9. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.6 by room and context.
• Table 13.10. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB Houses B.4 and C.8 by oom and context.
• Table 13.11. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.10 by room and context.
• Table 13.12. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House C.12 by room and context.
• Table 13.13. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IB House D.7 by context.
• Table 13.14. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the temenos by context.
• Table 13.15. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the open areas of the LM IB settlement.
• Table 13.16. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the LM IA contexts.
• Table 13.17. Detailed qualitative and quantitative results of the wood charcoal analysis from the MM III/LM IA contexts.
• Table 14.1. Mass of copper ingots and corresponding lead and stone weights.
• Frontispiece, IVA.150. Watercolor D. Faulmann.
• Figure 1. Mochlos peninsula in the LM I period. The LM IA and LM IB coastlines are based on underwater wave cut notches, one 3.8 m below modern sea level and the other 2.4 m below modern sea level (Soles, McCoy, and Suka 2017). Drawing D. Faulmann, F. McC
• Figure 2. Trenches over the Neopalatial settlement (shaded areas are published in this volume). Drawing D. Faulmann, J. Patto , and J. Soles.
• Figure 3. Plan of the Neopalatial town in the LM IB period, with avenues indicated by arrows.
• Figure 4. House C.3: state plan.
• Figure 5. House C.3: simplified plans during different phases of construction. Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 6. House C.3, Phase 4: reconstruction of west facade with architectural section A–A' (from west), through trenches 470, 4800, 4900, 5700, 5800, 5900, 6700 6800, 6900, and 7800.
• Figure 7. House. C.3, Phase 3: reconstruction with main entrance from Avenue 2 and interior view of staircase (from northwest).
• Figure 8. House C.3: reconstruction in Phase 3, with basement entrance and interior view of Rooms 1.2 and 2.4 (from southeast).
• Figure 9. House C.3, Room 2.2: stratigraphic and architectural sections B–B' (from west). Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 10. House C.3, Room 2.3: pottery and small finds from Phases 1–4 and stratigraphic section C–C' (from south). Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 11. House C.3, Rooms 1.1 and 2.3: architectural section D–D', showing earlier doorway to room beneath Room 2.2 (from east). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 12. House C.3, Phase 3: simplified floor plans showing traffic patterns. Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 13. House C.3, Room 2.2: pottery and small finds from Phases 1–4 (left); pottery and small finds in situ from Phase 4 (right); hoard finds in situ by level (inset).
• Figure 14. House C.3: Rooms 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 in stratigraphic section E–E' (top) and architectural section F–F' (bottom; from south). Drawings D. Faulmann, J. Soles, and J. Roberts.
• Figure 15. House C.3, Room 1.2: pottery and small finds from collapse of Room 2.5 and on floor of Room 1.2 (left), and in situ finds from Room 1.2 (right).
• Figure 16. House C.3, Room 1.1: pottery and small finds from collapse of Room 2.5 and on floor of Room 1.1 (left), and in situ finds from Room 1.1 (right).
• Figure 17. House C.3, Room 1.1: pottery and small finds on floor (left) and in situ finds (right).
• Figure 18. House C.3, Room 1.3: pottery and small finds from collapse of Room 2.4 and on floor of Room 1.3 (top), and in situ finds from Room 1.3 (bottom).
• Figure 19. House C.3: Room 1.7, hall, Room 1.5, and Room 1.4S in architectural section G–G' (from south). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 20. House C.3, southwest addition: pottery and small finds from hall and Rooms 1.6 (kitchen) and 1.7, with detail of finds in situ in northwest corner of Room 1.7
• Figure 21. House C.3, southeast addition: pottery and small finds from Rooms 1.5 and 1.4.
• Figure 22. State plan of Plateia A and Houses C.1, C.4, and C.5.
• Figure 23. Plateia A: stratigraphic and architectural sections D–D', with south facade of House C.4 (from south). Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 24. House C.1: architectural and stratigraphic sections B–B' (from west), through vestibule, staircase return, and Room 3. Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 25. House C.1: reconstruction of east facade (from east). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 26. House C.1: reconstruction with main entrance from Plateia A and interior view of staircase (from southeast).
• Figure 27. House C.1: state plan.
• Figure 28. House C.1: architectural section of east facade C–C' (from east). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 29. House C.1, Room 1: stratigraphic section A–A' (from west). Drawing J. Soles.
• Figure 30. House C.1: simplified plan with LM IB pottery and small finds.
• Figure 31. House C.1: plans showing tephra deposit beneath LM IB walls (left) and LM IA finds beneath tephra (right).
• Figure 32. House C.5 and east corridor: state plan.
• Figure 33. House C.5: stratigraphic and architectural sections A–A' (from south). Drawings D. Faulmann, J. Soles, and J. Roberts.
• Figure 34. House C.5: simplified plans in Phases 1 and 2 with LM IB pottery and small finds.
• Figure 35. House C.5, Rooms 2 and 4: pottery and small finds in situ.
• Figure 36. House C.4 and west corridor: state plan.
• Figure 37. House C.4, Rooms 2 and 3: pottery and small finds in situ.
• Figure 38. House C.2 and Plateia B: state plan.
• Figure 39. Plateia B: stratigraphic section A–A' (from west). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 40. West corridor: stratigraphic and architectural sections A–A' (from west). Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 41. House C.2: simplified plans in Phases 1, 2, and 3. Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 42. House C.2: architectural section D–D' through LM III House Δ terrace and LM IB Rooms 5 and 1 (from south). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 43. House C.2: architectural section A–A' of west facade. Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 44. House C.2: architectural sections B–B' and C–C' of south and east facades. Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Roberts.
• Figure 45. House C.2, Rooms 2 and 5E: architectural section E–E' (from east) and architectural and stratigraphic sections F–F' (from west). Drawings D. Faulmann, J. Soles, and J. Roberts.
• Figure 46. House C.2, Room 2, Floor 2: pottery and small finds in situ on floor (left), and on floor and from collapse (right).
• Figure 47. House C.2, Room 2, LM IA floor and LM IB Floor 1: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 48. House C.2: stratigraphic and architectural sections G–G' of Rooms 6 and 1 (from west). Drawings D. Faulmann, J. Soles, and J. Roberts.
• Figure 49. House C.2, Room 1, LM IB Floor 1: in situ finds (left) and pottery and small finds (right).
• Figure 50. House C.2, Room 1: pottery and small finds from LM IA Floor 1 and from collapse and LM IB Floor 2.
• Figure 51. House C.2, Room 6, Floor 4: in situ finds (top), pottery and small finds (bottom).
• Figure 52. House C.2, Room 6, Floor 3: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 53. House C.2, Room 6, Floor 2: in situ finds (top), pottery and small finds (bottom).
• Figure 54. House C.2, Room 6, Floor 1: in situ finds (top), pottery and small finds (bottom).
• Figure 55. House B.1: state plan. Drawing G. Gesell, L. Day, J. Soles, and D. Faulmann.
• Figure 56. House B.1: architectural sections of east and west facades.
• Figure 57. House C.6 and surrounding streets: state plan with Avenue 2 at west and north, Street B at south.
• Figure 58. House C.6: simplified plan with state plan of MM III remains.
• Figure 59. House C.6: reconstruction of west facade and section A–A' (from west).
• Figure 60. House C.6: reconstruction with main entrance from Avenue 2 and interior view of basement Rooms 1.1 and 1.2 (from southwest).
• Figure 61. House C.6: LM IB pottery and small finds.
• Figure 62. House C.6: stratigraphic and architectural sections B–B' of Rooms 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 (from south). Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 63. House C.6, Rooms 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3: LM IB pottery and small finds in situ.
• Figure 64. House C.6: MM III/LM IA pottery and small finds in Rooms 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 (top); MM III/LM IA pottery and small finds in situ in Room 1.3 (bottom).
• Figure 65. Building C.8: simplified plans in LM IA and LM IB.
• Figure 66. Building C.8: state plan with Avenue 2 at north.
• Figure 67. House B.4: state plan.
• Figure 68. House B.4: stratigraphic and architectural sections B–B' through vestibule and Room 3 (from west). Drawings M. Eaby and D. Faulmann.
• Figure 69. House B.4: stratigraphic section A–A' through vestibule, Room 2, closet, and bin (from south). Drawing M. Eaby, D. Faulmann, and M. Clinton.
• Figure 70. House B.4, Rooms 2 and 3, vestibule, and Avenue 2: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 71. House B.4: stratigraphic section C–C' through bin and Room 1. Drawing M. Eaby and D. Faulmann.
• Figure 72. House B.4, Room 1 and bin: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 73. Building C.10: state plan with Avenue 2 to west and Street C at southwest.
• Figure 74. Building C.10: stratigraphic section A–A' (from east). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 75. Building C.10: stratigraphic section B–B' (from west). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 76. Building C.10, Unit 1: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 77. Building C.10, Unit 2: stratigraphic and architectural sections C–C' (from south). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 78. Building C.10, Unit 2: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 79. Building C.10, Unit 3: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 80. Roadside terrace and bench shrine: state plan.
• Figure 81. Building C.12: state plan with Avenue 2 at north and Avenue 3 at east.
• Figure 82. Building C.12, Rooms 1, 2, and 5: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 83. Building C.12: stratigraphic and architectural sections A–A' through Rooms 1 and 3 (from south). Drawings D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 84. Building C.12: stratigraphic section B–B' through Avenue 2 and Rooms 3 and 4 (from west). Drawing D. Faulmann and J. Soles.
• Figure 85. Building C.12, Rooms 3 and 4: small finds.
• Figure 86. Building D.7 and end of Avenue 2: state plan.
• Figure 87. Building D.7: stratigraphic section A–A' through Avenue 2 court and Rooms 2 and 3 (from west).
• Figure 88. Building D.7: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 89. Building D.7, Avenue 2 court and temenos: isometric reconstruction from southwest, with inset of gold ring (CMS XI, no. 28).
• Figure 90. Temenos: state plan.
• Figure 91. Temenos: stratigraphic and architectural sections A–A΄ through Room 2 and terrace (from west). Drawings D. Faulman and J. Soles.
• Figure 92. Temenos: pottery in situ.
• Figure 93. Temenos: pottery and small finds.
• Figure 94. Temenos: reconstruction showing interior court with olive trees (from southwest).
• Figure 95. House C.3, architectural stone: threshold (AS 1); quoin in situ on south side of doorway (AS 2); possible coping lock from above doorway (AS 3). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:15.
• Figure 96. House C.3, architectural stone: staircase frame base (AS 5); quoin fallen on north side of doorway (AS 6); possible quoin fallen by northwest corner in Street B (AS 7). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:15.
• Figure 97. House C.1, architectural stone: threshold (AS 11); facade stones (AS 12, AS 15); step in staircase (AS 17); stai case frame base (AS 22); column base (AS 23). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:15.
• Figure 98. House C.5, architectural stone: threshold (AS 24). House C.6, architectural stone: fallen quoins (AS 28, AS 29); coping block fallen in street (AS 31). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:15.
• Figure 99. House C.6, architectural stone: basement staircase frame base (AS 25); Room 2.2, possible staircase frame base (AS 26); fallen column base (AS 27); coping block fallen in street (AS 32). House C.8, architectural stone: quoin in situ (AS 3); fa
• Figure 100. House B.4, architectural stone: threshold (AS 36); northwest bench block (AS 37); southeast bench block (AS 38). Temenos, architectural stone: threshold and jamb bases (AS 42–AS 44). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:15.
• Figure 101. House C.3, foundation deposit: sheet metal (IVA.1), doubles axes (IVA.2, IVA.3). House C.3, foundry hoard: ingot and rods (IVA.7), ingots (IVA.21, IVA.26–IVA.29, IVA.31–IVA.35). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 102. House C.3, foundry hoard: ingots (IVA.36–IVA.45). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 103. House C.3, foundry hoard, scrap: saws (IVA.47–IVA.49), knives and daggers (IVA.50–IVA.52), awl (IVA.53), balance pans (IVA.54, IVA.55), hook (IVA.56), rod (IVA.57), handle (IVA.59), preform (IVA.60), ceremonial double axe (IVA.61). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 104. House C.3, foundry hoard, scrap: funnel (IVA.64), strips (IVA.65–IVA.67, IVA.69, IVA.73, IVA.78), blank (IVA.79), wire (IVA.84), knife (IVA.85), nails (IVA.86, IVA.87), chisels (IVA.88, IVA.89), rasp (IVA.90). Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indi
• Figure 105. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: ingots (IVA.118–IVA.124, IVA.126–IVA.130, IVA.132–IVA.135, IVA.137, IVA.138). Scale :3.
• Figure 106. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: ingots (IVA.139–IVA.149). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 107. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: half ingot (IVA.150). Scale 1:2.
• Figure 108. House C.3, merchant’s hoard, waste and scrap: spill (IVA.151, IVA.152), handle (IVA.153), tweezers (IVA.157), t ipod leg (IVA.158), strips (IVA.163, IVA.164, IVA.167, IVA.170, IVA.172–IVA.174), preform and ingot (IVA.175, IVA.177), needles (IV
• Figure 109. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: sistrum (IVA.183). Scale 1:2.
• Figure 110. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: chisels: (IVA.184–IVA.186, IVA.188, IVA.190, IVA.191). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 111. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: daggers (IVA.192–IVA.198), knives (IVA.199, IVA.200). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 112. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: knives (IVA.201–IVA.203), saw (IVA.204), hooks (IVA.205, IVA.206), drill bit (IVA.207), awl (IVA.208). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 113. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: double axes (IVA.209–IVA.217). Scale: 1:3.
• Figure 114. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: tongs (IVA.218–IVA.220), adze (IVA.221), balance pans (IVA.222, IVA.223), bowls (IVA.224, IVA.225). House C.3, various rooms: ingots (IVA.230, IVA.231), strips (IVA.238, IVA.239, IVA.243), wire (IVA.247), lead earr
• Figure 115. House C.3, various rooms: knife (IVA.251), bezel (IVA.254), hook (IVA.256), gold bead (IVA.257), fish hook (IVA.258), cosmetic scraper with ivory handle (IVA.259), lead weight (IVA.260), awl (IVA.261), knife (IVA.262). House C.1: strip (IVA.26
• Figure 116. House C.6: lead ingot (IVA.283), chisel (IVA.285), rod (IVA.287), sheet metal (IVA.288, IVA.291), bowl (IVA.294), basins (IVA.295–IVA.297). Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 117. House C.6: basin (IVA.298). House B.4: tang (IVA.302), knife and chisel (IVA.303, IVA.304), awl (IVA.305). Roadside terrace: knife (IVA.310). House C.10: bezel (IVA.309A), folded weight (IVA.309B). House C.12: fishhook (IVA.313), lead weights
• Figure 118. Mochlos metals: overall As content.
• Figure 119. Mochlos metals: Sn and As content of hammered objects.
• Figure 120. Mochlos metals: Sn and As content of cast objects.
• Figure 121. Mochlos metals: Sn and As content of wrought objects.
• Figure 122. Mochlos metals: overall Sn content.
• Figure 123. Mochlos metals: Sn and As content of tools.
• Figure 125. Mochlos metals: As content of axes.
• Figure 126. Mochlos metals: Sn and As content of blades.
• Figure 127. Mochlos metals: Sn and As content of rivets.
• Figure 128. Lead isotope compositions of sampled metal from House C.3 foundry hoard and sites in Attica, Turkey, and Cyprus.
• Figure 129. Seals from House C.3 (IVA.322–IVA.327), Plateia A (IVA.328), and House C.2 (IVA.330); sealing from House C.1 (IVA.329). Scale 2:1 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 130. Seals from House C.2 (IVA.331, IVA.332), House C.6 (IVA.333), Building C.10 (IVA.334), House C.12 (IVA.335), and House C.9 (IVA.336). Scale 2:1.
• Figure 131. Beads from House C.3 (IVA.337, IVA.338, IVA.340), House C.1 (IVA.344, IVA.345), House C.2 (IVA.348, IVA.349), a d House C.6 (IVA.352); scale 1:1. Pendant and button from House B.4 (IVA.353, IVA.355); pin from Building C.10 (IVA.362); shark too
• Figure 132. Drains from House C.5 (IVA.385, IVA.387), House B.1 (IVA.397), House C.2 (IVA.388, IVA.391, IVA.393), and House C.6 (IVA.400). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 133. Drains from Street B (IVA.399), House B.4 (IVA.404, IVA.407, IVA.408), and Building C.10 (IVA.415). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 134. Drains from Building C.10 (IVA.417, IVA.422, IVA.424), Avenue 2 (IVA.429), House C.12 (IVA.432), and Building D.7 (IVA.437). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 135. Figurines from the west corridor (IVA.440), Building D.7 (IVA.441), and the LM III shrine (IVA.442); votive foo from the bench shrine (IVA.443); incense burner(?) from House C.3 (IVA.444); incense burners from Plateia B (IVA.445), Building C.
• Figure 136. Stepped libation table (IVA.449) and offering table (IVA.450) from House C.3. Scale 1:4.
• Figure 137. Kernoi from House C.1 (IVA.451), west corridor (IVA.452), and Building C.10 (IVA.454); table from Building C.10 (IVA.457); offering table preform from Building D.7 (IVA.458). Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 138. Lamps from House C.3 (IVA.459–IVA.461, IVA.464–IVA.466), Plateia A (IVA.467), and House C.1 (IVA.468). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 139. Lamps from House C.5 (IVA.469, IVA.470), House C.4 (IVA.472), east corridor (IVA.480), west corridor (IVA.482–IVA.484), and House C.2 (IVA.474). Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 140. Lamps from House B.1 (IVA.485), House C.6 (IVA.486), Avenue 2 (IVA.487), House B.4 (IVA.488), and Building C.1 (IVA.489, IVA.492–IVA.494, IVA.497, IVA.499, IVA.501, IVA.505). Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 141. House C.12: lamp (IVA.506); Avenue 2: lamp (IVA.508); temenos: bat (IVA.515) and pottery wheel head (IVA.517). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 142. Work slabs from House C.3 (IVA.518), House C.1 (IVA.524, IVA.525), west corridor (IVA.530, IVA.532), and Buildi g C.10 (IVA.546). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 143. Work slabs from House B.4 (IVA.539), House C.12 (IVA.554, IVA.555), and Building D.7 (IVA.556); stands from House C.3 (IVA.562, IVA.563, IVA.566). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 144. Stands from House C.3 (IVA.567), House C.1 (IVA.568), west corridor (IVA.569), House C.2 (IVA.570, IVA.571), House C.10 (IVA.573), House C.12 (IVA.578), and Building D.7 (IVA.580). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 145. Stone lids (IVA.582–IVA.584, IVA.586–IVA.589) and stone bowls (IVA.585, IVA.590, IVA.591, IVA.595, IVA.597, IVA.599, IVA.602) from House C.3. Scale 1:3.
• Figure 146. Stone bowl (IVA.603) and stone jar (IVA.604) from House C.3; stone bowl (IVA.606) from Plateia A; stone lids (IVA.608, IVA.609) from House C.1; stone bowls (IVA.611–IVA.613), stone rhyta (IVA.614, IVA.615), and stone handle (IVA.616) from Hous
• Figure 147. Stone table (IVA.622) from west corridor; stone lids (IVA.623–IVA.625) from House B.1; stone bowls (IVA.626, IVA.627, IVA.631) from House C.6; stone lid (IVA.633) from House B.4; stone lids (IVA.638, IVA.639) from bench shrine; stone jar (IVA.
• Figure 148. Bellows (IVA.657) from House C.3; mold (IVA.658) from House C.4; crucible (IVA.660) from House C.2; crucible (IVA.661) from Street B; sword pommel (IVA.663) and spit rest (IVA.664) from House B.4; crucibles (IVA.665, IVA.666) from Building C.1
• Figure 149. Awls (IVA.668, IVA.669, IVA.675), tool (IVA.670), box (IVA.672), disks (IVA.678, IVA.679), box (IVA.680), plaque (IVA.681), and boar’s tusk appliqué (IVA 682) from House C.3; awls (IVA.683, IVA.684) from Plateia B, the west corridor (IVA.686),
• Figure 150. Triton shells from the temenos (IVA.706, IVA.707); loomweights from House C.3 (IVA.708, IVA.711, IVA.712, IVA.714–IVA.716). Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 151. Loomweights from House C.3 (IVA.717, IVA.718, IVA.730, IVA.731), House C.5 (IVA.735), and Plateia B (IVA.739, IVA.741); spindle whorl (IVA.748) from Plateia C; loomweights from House B.1 (IVA.751–IVA.755) and House C.2 (IVA.757, IVA.71, IVA
• Figure 152. Loomweights from House C.2 (IVA.780, IVA.783, IVA.787–IVA.789), House C.6 (IVA.793), Avenue 2 (IVA.795), House B.4 (IVA.799, IVA.800, IVA.806, IVA.807), and Building C.10 (IVA.809, IVA.819, IVA.821, IVA.823, IVA.825–IVA.827). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 153. Loomweights from Building C.10 (IVA.837, IVA.838), Avenue 2 (IVA.840, IVA.843), House C.12 (IVA.849, IVA.853), oadside terrace (IVA.856), Building D.7 (IVA.858, IVA.862), end of Avenue 2 (IVA.863), and House B.3 (IVA.866). Scale 1:3.
• Figure 154. House C.3, loomweights: scatter diagram of weight and thickness.
• Figure 155. House C.2, loomweights: scatter diagram of weight and thickness.
• Figure 156. Building C.10, loomweights: scatter diagram of weight and thickness.
• Figure 157. LM IB deposits, loomweights: scatter diagram of weight and thickness.
• Figure 158. Discoid loomweights: bar graph of suitability for use with different thread tensions.
• Figure 159. LM IB deposits from the Artisans’ Quarter and buildings in the main settlement, loomweights: scatter diagram of weight and thickness.
• Figure 160. Generalized reconstruction of the pressure-blade manufacturing sequence at Neopalatial Mochlos (steps 1–10 explained in the text). Drawings L. Labriola.
• Figure 161. House C.3: obsidian blade cores (IVA.868–IVA.870). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 162. House C.3: obsidian blade cores (IVA.871–IVA.878). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 163. House C.3: obsidian core preparation flakes (IVA.880–IVA.890). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 164. House C.3: obsidian blades of initiation, primary series, and plein debitage (IVA.891–IVA.910, IVA.912– IVA.915). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 165. House C.3: obsidian plein debitage blades (IVA.916–IVA.936) and core rejuvenation flakes (IVA.937–IVA.940). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 166. House C.3: obsidian core rejuvenation flakes (IVA.941–IVA.944). House C.1: obsidian cores, blades, and flakes (IVA.945–IVA.956). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 167. House C.5: obsidian blades (IVA.957–IVA.960). House C.2: obsidian cores, blades, and flakes (IVA.961– IVA.974). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 168. House C.2: obsidian blades and core rejuvenation flakes (IVA.975–IVA.979). House C.6: obsidian blades and rejuvenation pieces (IVA.981–IVA.987). Drawings M. Milić. Scale 1:1.
• Figure 169. Debitage categories represented in the House C.1 dry sieve obsidian assemblage (n = 50). B = blade; F1 = flake wi h 80–100% cortical cover; F2 = flake with 5–80% cortical cover; F3 = flake with 0–5% cortical cover; Prep = preparation piece; Re
• Figure 170. House C.3: hammerstones (IVA.990–IVA.992) and hand/hammerstones (IVA.996–IVA.999). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:3.
• Figure 171. House C.3: hand/hammerstones (IVA.1000–IVA.1002), handstones (IVA.1003, IVA.1004, IVA.1008, IVA.1009, IVA.1012). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:3.
• Figure 172. House C.3: grinder (IVA.1014), subcuboid grinders (IVA.1015, IVA.1017), work surface (IVA.1030), whetstone (IVA.1032), basins (IVA.1033, IVA.1034). Drawings J.M. Flood. Scale 1:3 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 173. House C.3: balance weight(?) (IVA.1035), biconically perforated weights (IVA.1042, IVA.1044), naturally perfora ed weight (IVA.1045). House C.1: burnisher/applicator (IVA.1052), saddle quern (IVA.1053). House C.2: hammerstone (IVA.106), hand
• Figure 174. House C.2: biconically perforated weight (IVA.1101). House B.1: basin (IVA.1103). Building C.10: whetstone (IVA.1155), basins (IVA.1172, IVA.1173). Building D.7: basins (IVA.1217–IVA.1220). Scale 1:10 unless otherwise indicated.
• Figure 175. Mochlos LM IB: pig (Sus scrofa) survivorship curve based on epiphyseal fusion data from 89 specimens.
• Figure 176. Mochlos LM IB: sheep (Ovis aries) survivorship curve based on teeth eruption and wear data from 45 specimens.
• Figure 177. Mochlos LM IB: goat (Capra hircus) survivorship curve based on teeth wear and eruption data from 22 specimens.
• Figure 178. Mochlos LM IB: ovicaprids survivorship curve, data from 371 specimens.
• Figure 179. Mochlos LM IB: scatter of otoliths of various fish taxa.
• Figure 180. Scatter diagram of occlusal measurements of archaeological Crocidura first lower molars (m1), modern C. suaveolens and C. zimmermanni, and Pleistocene C. zimmermanni (after Reumer 1986).
• Figure 181. Scatter diagram with PCA scores of various measurements of archaeological Crocidura (measurements of m1, m2, m3, lower incisor, ramus height-length) and modern C. suaveolens and C. zimmermanni equivalent measurements. Numbers 2–9 are the archa
• Figure 183. Scatter diagram of occlusal measurements of archaeological Mus first upper molars (M1) and modern equivalents of M.m. domesticus and Pleistocene M. minotaurus (the latter after Mayhew 1977).
• Figure 184. Scatter diagram with PCA scores of various measurements of archaeological Mus (measurements of m1, m2, M1, M2), modern M.m. domesticus, and Pleistocene Mus minotaurus equivalent measurements (the latter after Reumer 1977). Numbers 2–17 are the
• Figure 185. Comparison of the percentage frequency of selected wood taxa in successive phases of Neopalatial Mochlos.
• Plate 1A. View of island of Mochlos (from south). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 1B. Entrance to Avenue 2, with southeast corner of House B.1 on the left and the southwest corner of House C.2 on the right (from south).
• Plate 2A. Avenue 2, with collapsed ashlar masonry at southwest corner of House C.3 and the southeast corner of Building B.2 (from south).
• Plate 2C. Avenue 2, between Building B.2 and House C.3 (from south).
• Plate 2D. Avenue 2, between Building B.2 and House C.6 (from south).
• Plate 3A. Avenue 2, with collapsed ashlar masonry along north side of House C.6 (from west).
• Plate 3C. Avenue 2, collapsed ashlar quoins from northwest corner of Building C.8 (from southwest).
• Plate 4A. Avenue 2, between House B.4 and Building C.8 (from west).
• Plate 4C. Avenue 2, along west side of Building C.10 with retaining wall on west (from south).
• Plate 4D. Avenue 2, along north side of the roadside terrace and bench shrine with retaining wall on north (from west).
• Plate 5A. Avenue 2, along north side of Building C.12 with retaining wall to north (from west).
• Plate 5C. End of Avenue 2, with bin and court in front of the temenos beneath Hellenistic overlay (from above). Photo K. Frangiadakis.
• Plate 6A. House C.3 (from above). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 6B. House C.3, with collapsed ashlar along west facade and southwest corner (from above). Photo J. Driessen.
• Plate 7A. House C.3: Room 2.2 showing LM IA walls beneath LM IB walls (from east).
• Plate 7C. House C.3: Room 2.2 showing LM IB wall at top and left, with LM IA wall and floor beneath and MM III wall on right (from west).
• Plate 7D. House C.3: stand lamp (IVA.466) on ground floor at top of auxiliary staircase (view in situ from east).
• Plate 8A. House C.3, Room 2.3: east facade, with LM IA wall sitting on MM III wall (from east).
• Plate 8B. House C.3, Room 2.3: interior view showing successive LM IB and LM IA walls (with collapse debris between) and MM III and MM II walls beneath (from south).
• Plate 9B. House C.3: main entrance with threshold (from west); in situ ashlar blocks on the left, upper two ashlar blocks res ored on the right. Photo J. Obert.
• Plate 10A. House C.3: main staircase (from west).
• Plate 10B. House C.3, Room 2.2: final LM IB floor and walls with surviving mudbrick in foreground and smashed pithos (IVB.1397) in northwest corner (from west).
• Plate 11. House C.3: pithoi from ground floor and basement rooms (IVB.1396, IVB.1398, IVB.1399, IVB.1401, IVB.1402, IVB.1416).
• Plate 12. House C.3, Room 2.2, merchant’s hoard pit during excavation: (a) quern IVA.1029 covering stone; (b, c) half ingot IVA.150; (d) sistrum IVA.183; (e) saw IVA.205; (f) tongs IVA.218, IVA.219; (g) knife IVA.200; (h) bowl IVA.225; (i) adze IVA.221 an
• Plate 13B. House C.3: auxiliary staircase with stone kernos (IVA.448) fallen from Room 2.5 and IVB.1419 on floor of Room 1.2 (from south).
• Plate 13C. House C.3: auxiliary staircase with mudbrick step at bottom of stairs and IVB.1419 and IVB.1251 on floor of Room 1. (from south).
• Plate 13D. Stone kernos IVA.448.
• Plate 13E. Side-spouted jar IVB.1251.
• Plate 14B. House C.3: Room 1.3 after excavation (from south).
• Plate 14C. House C.3: Room 1.3 during excavation, with IVA.449 and burning feature to its right (from south).
• Plate 14D. House C.3, Room 1.2: red plaster (IVA.1233) fallen from Room 2.4.
• Plate 14E. House C.3, Room 1.3: libation table (IVA.449) fallen from Room 2.4.
• Plate 15B. House C.3: pithoi fallen on floor, including IVB.1418 and IVB.1430.
• Plate 15C. House C.3: pithos IVB.1428 from floor of Room 1.1.
• Plate 16. House C.3, Room 1.2: in situ plan of finds and photos of IVB.1183 fallen from Room 2.5 and pithoi IVB.1417–IVB.1419.
• Plate 17. House C.3, Room 1.1: plan and photo showing finds in southern part of room (from above), along with photos of hydria IVB.1295 and pithoi IVB.1422 and IVB.1423.
• Plate 18A. House C.3: northern part of Room 1.1, with pithoi IVB.1417, IVB.1400, and IVB.1273 (from left to right) on floor.
• Plate 18B. Pithos IVB.1273 with ingots (IVA.23, IVA.30, IVA.33, IVA.34, IVA.37, IVA.38, IVA.42, IVA.44, IVA.45) on top of fou dry hoard (from south).
• Plate 19A. House C.3, northern part of Room 1.1: conical cups (IVB.32, IVB.33), pithos lid (IVB.1481), and ingots (IVA.23, IVA.30, IVA.33, IVA.34, IVA.37, IVA.38, IVA.42, IVA.44, IVA.45).
• Plate 19C. House C.3, Room 1.1: foundation deposit (IVA.1–IVA.3) in niche at base of east wall (from west).
• Plate 20. House C.3, Room 1.3: plan of floor deposit finds in situ and photo during excavation (from southwest), with half pi iform jar (IVB.1274) and pithoi (IVB.1441, IVB.1442) from floor deposit.
• Plate 21A. House C.3: Room 1.5 with doorway leading to Room 1.7 (to left of LM IB stone jamb) blocked during LM III reoccupation (from east).
• Plate 21B. House C.3: Room 1.6 (kitchen), showing sandstone basin (IVA.1033) at rear (from west).
• Plate 21C. House C.3: Room 1.6, showing LM IB doorway with jambs, blocked in LM III reoccupation (from east).
• Plate 22A. House C.3: Room 1.4 during excavation, showing doorway from Room 1.4S to Room 1.5 blocked during LM III reoccupatio , and EM pottery beneath floor of Room 1.4N (from east).
• Plate 22B. House C.3: Room 1.4, showing east facade with blocked window, left of center (from southeast).
• Plate 22C. House C.3: Room 1.4N (from south).
• Plate 22D. House C.3: Room 1.4, showing blocked doorway (above meter stick) from LM III reoccupation (from east).
• Plate 23A. Plateia A, south, showing entrance thresholds to House C.5 (foreground) and House C.1 (background) with collapse on plateia including drain IVA.378 (from east).
• Plate 23C. Plateia A alongside House C.4, with sandstone basin GS 2527 (from west).
• Plate 23D. Plateia A, sandstone basin (GS 2527) with lamp (IVA.467) in situ.
• Plate 24A. House C.1: east facade and entrance (from east).
• Plate 24B. House C.1: vestibule with staircase, and Room 1 (from south).
• Plate 24C. House C.1: Room 3 (from south).
• Plate 24D. House C.1: bowl with rim spout (IVA.606) fallen from upper story into Plateia A.
• Plate 25A. House C.1: staircase return, showing ashlar blocks at either end of central spine wall (from west).
• Plate 25B. House C.1: ashlar staircase (from south).
• Plate 25C. House C.1, vestibule: fragment of red and white wall plaster (IVA.1236).
• Plate 26A. House C.1: tephra beneath LM IB floor in staircase return (from north).
• Plate 26D. House C.1: tephra deposit beneath LM IB floor of Room 1 (from north).
• Plate 27A. House C.1, Room 1: section to north of column base showing tephra beneath LM IB floor and above LM IA surface (from east).
• Plate 27B. House C.1, Room 1: LM IA pottery found in foundation pit beneath tephra (from east).
• Plate 27D. House C.1, Room 1: LM IA jug (IVB.1152) found in foundation pit beneath tephra.
• Plate 27E. House C.1, Room 1: LM IA foundation pit (from above).
• Plate 28A. House C.5: Room 1 with threshold and the east corridor (from west).
• Plate 28B. East corridor: gutter along north facade of House C.5 (from west).
• Plate 28C. House C.5, Room 2: showing LM IB floor remains (from west).
• Plate 29A. House C.5: Rooms 3 and 4 (from north).
• Plate 29B. House C.5: Room 3 with bench (from south).
• Plate 30A. House C.4: Room 2 during excavation, and the west corridor (from north).
• Plate 30C. House C.4, Room 2: bronze basin IVA.269 (from above).
• Plate 30D. House C.4, Room 2: stone lamp IVA.472.
• Plate 30E. House C.4, Room 2: amphora IVB.1378.
• Plate 31A. West corridor, at entrance between House C.1 on left and House C.4 on right, showing kalathos IVB.1102 (from south).
• Plate 31C. West corridor, showing original pavement in foreground, Early Minoan wall reused as step in center, and steps at no th end of corridor leading to Plateia C (from south).
• Plate 31D. West corridor, with House C.4 on left and House C.3 on right and Byzantine blocking wall at rear (from north).
• Plate 32A. Plateia B, with House C.2 in rear (from south).
• Plate 32B. Plateia B: Level 6, with retaining wall to right (from west).
• Plate 32D. Plateia B: pig mandible from Level 4.
• Plate 33A. House C.2: northeast wing, with west corridor at top and Plateia B to right (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 33B. House C.2: northeast wing showing Room 4 in the foreground (from west).
• Plate 34A. House C.2: Room 2, showing Floor 2 with hearth below meter stick to right and finds in situ (from northwest).
• Plate 34B. House C.2, Room 2: pithos (IVB.1437).
• Plate 35B. House C.2, Room 1: bench (from west).
• Plate 35D. House C.2, Room 1: Phase 2 plaster floor (from above).
• Plate 36B. House C.2, Room 6: Phase 1 floor, with IVA.1100 used as seat (from west).
• Plate 36C. House C.2, Room 6: Phase 1 floor with IVA.1100 used as seat (from south) with basins IVA.1098 and IVA.1099.
• Plate 36D. House C.2, Room 6: Phase 1 floor, showing underside (original side) of IVA.1100 (from south).
• Plate 37A. House B.1: aerial view with Avenue 2 (to left) and Avenue 1 (to right). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 37B. House B.1: entrance from Avenue 2 (from east). Photo J. Obert.
• Plate 37C. House B.1: alabastron (IVB.1143) found by Seager in 1908. Photo courtesy of Herakleion Archaeological Museum, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Archaeological Receipts Fund.
• Plate 38A. House B.1: south facade after conservation (from south).
• Plate 38B. House B.1: southwest corner at beginning of Avenue 1 (from southwest).
• Plate 38C. House B.1: window in south facade (from south).
• Plate 39A. House B.1, Room 7: pier-and-door partition (from west).
• Plate 39B. House B.1, Room 9: platform (from south).
• Plate 40A. House C.6 showing Avenue 2 at bottom and to left, Street B to right (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 40B. Street B, with House C.3 on left, and House C.6 with LM III reconstructed facade on right (from east).
• Plate 40C. Avenue 2 along north side of House C.6, with fallen ashlar masonry (from west).
• Plate 41A. House C.6, Room 1.2: auxiliary staircase with sottoscala closet to right (from south).
• Plate 41B. House C.6, Room 2.2 (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 41C. House C.6, Room 2.3: ashlar block (AS 27) fallen into Room 1.1.
• Plate 41D. House C.6, Room 2.2: kernos (IVA.453).
• Plate 42A. House C.6: Rooms 1.1 and 1.2 with finds in situ (from east).
• Plate 42B. House C.6, Room 1.2: half piriform pithos (IVB.1406).
• Plate 42C. House C.6, Room 1.2: piriform jar (IVB.1280).
• Plate 43B. House C.6: Room 1.1 with bench (from south).
• Plate 43C. House C.6, Room 1.1: pithos (IVB.1408).
• Plate 44C. Building C.8: Room 1, with LM IA entrance staircase above meter stick (from south). Photo J. Obert.
• Plate 44D. Building C.8: hole-mouthed jar (IVB.1289) and pithos (IVB.1438) buried beneath LM IB floor. Photo J. Obert.
• Plate 45A. House B.4 at top, with Hellenistic overlay on north at bottom, Avenue 2 at top (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 45B. House B.4: southeast corner on Avenue 2 (from southeast).
• Plate 46A. House B.4: east facade with entrance off Avenue 2 (from east).
• Plate 46B. House B.4: entrance and vestibule, with fallen blocks in vestibule (from east).
• Plate 46C. House B.4, Room 3: sword pommel (IVA.663).
• Plate 47A. House B.4: vestibule with ashlar bench (from south).
• Plate 47B. House B.4: Room 3 (from south).
• Plate 48A. House B.4: hall with plastered floor and staircase (from east).
• Plate 48B. House B.4: Room 1 with doorway at rear (from west).
• Plate 49A. Building C.10 showing Avenue 2 at bottom and remains of Street C with gutter to right (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 49B. Building C.10, Room 2: MM IIIA deposit (from west).
• Plate 49C. Building C.10, Room 2: MM IIIA kalathos (IVB.1111).
• Plate 50A. Building C.10: Room 7 (from north).
• Plate 50C. Building C.10: Rooms 5 and 6 (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 51A. Building C.10: Rooms 7 and 8 (from above).
• Plate 51B. Building C.10: Rooms 8a and 8b (from above).
• Plate 52A. LM III shrine (from north).
• Plate 52B. LM III shrine: figurine head (IVA.441).
• Plate 52D. LM III shrine: pulled rim bowl (P 9765).
• Plate 53A. Roadside terrace, with Avenue 2 at top, and bench shrine to right (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 53B. Bench shrine (from west).
• Plate 54A. Bench shrine (from north).
• Plate 54B. Bench shrine: votive foot (IVA.443).
• Plate 54C. Bench shrine: bridge-spouted jar (IVB.1245).
• Plate 55A. Building C.12, with Avenue 2 at top and Avenue 3 to right (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 55B. Building C.12: Room 2 (from south).
• Plate 55C. Building C.12: Room 3 (from west).
• Plate 56A. Building C.12: Room 4 (from south).
• Plate 56C. Building C.12: Room 5 with bench in upper left (from south).
• Plate 56D. Building C.12: Room 7 (from south).
• Plate 56E. Building C.12: post-destruction shelter (from south).
• Plate 57A. Building D.7, with Avenue 3 to right and Hellenistic building at bottom sitting on top of the northeast corner of D.7 (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 57B. Building D.7: Rooms 1 and 3 showing facade of Hellenistic building at top rear (from south).
• Plate 58A. Temenos to left, with Hellenistic building with oven to right, sitting on top of its court, and Building D.7 at top (aerial view). Photo D. Faulmann.
• Plate 58B. Building D.7, Room 2: rhyton from Knossos (IVB.1352).
• Plate 58C. Building D.7, Room 2: unfinished offering table (IVA.458).
• Plate 59A. Temenos (from south).
• Plate 59B. Temenos (from southwest).
• Plate 59C. Temenos: LM IB votive deposit above tephra with triton shells (IVA.706, IVA.707); MM II wall in background.
• Plate 59D. Temenos: MM III votive deposit beneath tephra; MM II wall in background, Hellenistic wall to left.
• Plate 60A. Temenos with broken pithoi in situ (from north).
• Plate 60C. Temenos: pithoi (IVB.1413, IVB.1414, IVB.1447).
• Plate 61. House C.3, foundation deposit: sheet metal (IVA.1), doubles axes (IVA.2, IVA.3).
• Plate 62. House C.3, foundry hoard: ingots (IVA.4–IVA.6, IVA.8–IVA.31) and ingot and rods (IVA.7), arranged by weight.
• Plate 63. House C.3, foundry hoard: ingots (IVA.32–IVA.45), arranged by weight.
• Plate 64. House C.3, foundry hoard, scrap: ingots fused with other pieces (IVA.46), saws (IVA.47–IVA.49), knives and daggers (IVA.50, IVA.51).
• Plate 65. House C.3, foundry hoard, scrap: knife (IVA.52), awl (IVA.53), balance pans (IVA.54, IVA.55), hook (IVA.56), rods (IVA.57, IVA.58), handle (IVA.59), preform (IVA.60), ceremonial double axe (IVA.61).
• Plate 66. House C.3, foundry hoard, scrap: vessel (IVA.62); rods (IVA.63); funnel (IVA.64); strips (IVA.65–IVA.70, IVA.73); strip bundles (IVA.74–IVA.77).
• Plate 67. House C.3, foundry hoard, scrap: strip bundle with textile impression (IVA.78), blank (IVA.79), rod (IVA.80), sheet metal (IVA.81, IVA.82), wire (IVA.84); objects: knife (IVA.85), nails (IVA.86, IVA.87), chisels (IVA.88, IVA.89), rasp (IVA.90).
• Plate 68. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: ingots (IVA.91, IVA.93, IVA.96–IVA.101, IVA.103, IVA.104, IVA.106–IVA.109, IVA.111–IVA.116, IVA.118–IVA.130). House C.3, Room 2.2, LM IA collapse: ingots (IVA.226–IVA.231). All ingots arranged by weight.
• Plate 69. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: ingots (IVA.131–IVA.143), with detail of chisel marks on IVA.143, arranged by weight.
• Plate 70. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: ingots (IVA.144–IVA.149), arranged by weight.
• Plate 71. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: half ingot (IVA.150) with merchant’s mark.
• Plate 72. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: spill (IVA.151, IVA.152), handle (IVA.153), scrap (IVA.154, IVA.155), tweezers (IVA.157), tripod leg (IVA.158), sheet metal (IVA.160), strips (IVA.162–IVA.174), preform (IVA.175), ingot (IVA.177), needles (IVA.178–IV
• Plate 73. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: sistrum (IVA.183).
• Plate 74. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: chisels (IVA.184–IVA.190), chisel and sleeve (IVA.191).
• Plate 75. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: daggers (IVA.192–IVA.198), knives (IVA.199, IVA.200).
• Plate 76. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: blades and knives (IVA.201–IVA.203), saw (IVA.204), hooks (IVA.205, IVA.206), tools (IVA.207, IVA.208).
• Plate 77. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: axes (IVA.209–IVA.217, IVA.209, IVA.210).
• Plate 78. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: axes (IVA.211–IVA.213).
• Plate 79. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: axes (IVA.214–IVA.216).
• Plate 80. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: axe (IVA.217), tongs (IVA.218–IVA.220).
• Plate 81. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: adze (IVA.221), balance pans (IVA.222, IVA.223).
• Plate 82. House C.3, merchant’s hoard: bowls (IVA.224, IVA.225).
• Plate 83. House C.3, various rooms: strips (IVA.238, IVA.239, IVA.243, IVA.244), pin (IVA.248), rings (IVA.253, IVA.254), needle (IVA.255), gold bead (IVA.257), fish hook (IVA.258), cosmetic scraper with ivory handle (IVA.259).
• Plate 84. House C.1: strips (IVA.263, IVA.264). House C.5: spill (IVA.265), strip bundle (IVA.266), knife (IVA.267). House C.4: basin (IVA.269).
• Plate 85. House C.4: basin (IVA.269). House C.2: preform (IVA.270), strips (IVA.271, IVA.272), needles (IVA.273, IVA.274). House C.6: ingots (IVA.276, IVA.277), waste (IVA.279).
• Plate 86. House C.6: chisel (IVA.285), knife (IVA.286), rod (IVA.287), sheet metal (IVA.288, IVA.291), bowl (IVA.294).
• Plate 87. House C.6: basin (IVA.295).
• Plate 88. House C.6: basin (IVA.296).
• Plate 89. House C.6: basin (IVA.297).
• Plate 90. House C.6: basin (IVA.298).
• Plate 91. House B.4: ingot (IVA.300), knife tang (IVA.302), knife (IVA.303), chisel (IVA.304), awl (IVA.305). House C.10: rod (IVA.306), bezel (IVA.309), knife (IVA.310). Building C.12: fishhook (IVA.313). Building D.7: ring (IVA.317A). West corridor: rin
• Plate 92. Seals from House C.3 (IVA.322–IVA.326).
• Plate 93. Unfinished seal from House C.3 (IVA.327), seal from Plateia A (IVA.328), sealing from House C.1 (IVA.329), seals rom House C.2 (IVA.330–IVA.332), and seal from House C.6 (IVA.333). Scale 2:1 unless otherwise indicated.
• Plate 94. Seals from Building C.10 (IVA.334), Building C.12 (IVA.335), and House C.9 (IVA.336).
• Plate 95. Beads from House C.3 (IVA.337, IVA.338, IVA.340), House C.1 (IVA.345), House C.4 (IVA.347), House C.6 (IVA.352), and House B.4 (IVA.353, IVA.355); pin from Building C.10 (IVA.362); shark tooth pendant from Building D.7 (IVA.365); drain from Plat
• Plate 96. Drains from House C.3 (IVA.372), Street B (IVA.399), Building C.10 (IVA.415, IVA.420), and Avenue 2 (IVA.429, IVA.430).
• Plate 97. Figurines from west corridor (IVA.440) and Building D.7 (IVA.442); votive foot from bench shrine (IVA.443); incense burner lid(?) from House C.3 (IVA.444); incense burners from Plateia B (IVA.445) and Building C.10 (IVA.446).
• Plate 98. Stepped libation table (IVA.449) and offering table legs (IVA.450) from House C.3; kernoi from House C.1 (IVA.451) and west corridor (IVA.452).
• Plate 99. Lamps from House C.3 (IVA.461, IVA.464–IVA.466), Plateia A (IVA.467), House C.1 (IVA.468), and House C.5 (IVA.470).
• Plate 100. Lamps from House C.4 (IVA.472), east corridor (IVA.480), west corridor (IVA.482, IVA.484), House C.2 (IVA.479), House C.6 (IVA.486), and Avenue 2 (IVA.487).
• Plate 101. Lamps from Building C.10 (IVA.489, IVA.493, IVA.494, IVA.499, IVA.505) and Building C.12 (IVA.506).
• Plate 102. Bat (IVA.515) and pottery wheel head (IVA.517) from temenos; work slab from House C.1 (IVA.525).
• Plate 103. Stands from House C.3 (IVA.566, IVA.567), Building C.12 (IVA.578), and Building D.7 (IVA.580).
• Plate 104. House C.3: stone lids (IVA.583, IVA.584, IVA.586, IVA.589) and stone bowls (IVA.585, IVA.590, IVA.603).
• Plate 105. Stone bowl (IVA.606) from Plateia A; stone rhyton (IVA.614) from House C.2; stone table (IVA.622) from west corridor; stone lids (IVA.624, IVA.625) from House B.1; stone bowls (IVA.627, IVA.631) from House C.6; stone lid (IVA.633) from House B.
• Plate 106. Mold (IVA.658) from House C.4; stone pommel (IVA.663) from House B.4; crucible (IVA.665) from Building C.10.
• Plate 107. Bone box (IVA.672), disk (IVA.678), plaque (IVA.681), and boar’s tusk appliqué (IVA.682) from House C.3; ivory ox (IVA.694) from House C.6; awls from Plateia B (IVA.683, IVA.684), west corridor (IVA.686), House C.2 (IVA.688, IVA.689), House B.
• Plate 108. Triton shells from Building D.7 (IVA.705) and temenos votive deposit (IVA.706, IVA.707); loomweights from House C.3 (IVA.708, IVA.711, IVA.715, IVA.716, IVA.730), House C.5 (IVA.735), and Plateia B (IVA.739, IVA.741).
• Plate 109. Loomweights from House B.1 (IVA.751–IVA.755), House C.2 (IVA.757, IVA.767, IVA.779, IVA.780, IVA.783, IVA.787–IVA.789), House C.6 (IVA.793), House B.4 (IVA.799, IVA.800, IVA.806, IVA.807), and Building C.10 (IVA.809, IVA.819, IVA.821, IVA.823,
• Plate 110. Loomweights from Building C.10 (IVA.826, IVA.827, IVA.837, IVA.838), Avenue 2 (IVA.840, IVA.843), Building C.12 (IVA.849, IVA.853, IVA.854), roadside terrace (IVA.856), Building D.7 (IVA.858, IVA.862), end of Avenue 2 (IVA.863), and House B.3 (
• Plate 111. House C.3: hammerstones (IVA.988, IVA.989, IVA.991–IVA.995), hand/hammerstones (IVA.996, IVA.998, IVA.999), hands ones (IVA.1003–IVA.1010).
• Plate 112. House C.3: grinders (IVA.1013, IVA.1014), subcuboid grinder (IVA.1016), burnisher/applicators (IVA.1018–IVA.1021), differentially weathered cobbles (IVA.1023, IVA.1024), saddle querns (IVA.1026, IVA.1027, IVA.1029), work surface (IVA.1030), whe
• Plate 113. House C.3: balance weights (IVA.1035–IVA.1041), biconically perforated weights (IVA.1042–IVA.1044), naturally perorated weight (IVA.1045), celt (IVA.1046).
• Plate 114. Basins from House B.4 (IVA.1132) and Building D.7 (IVA.1219, IVA.1220).
• Plate 115. Miscellaneous finds: (a) naturally occurring calcareous material (IVA.1231); (b) view of plaster (IVA.1229) from side showing two layers; (c) mammal bones from House C.10, Room 1 (E4 9302.5).
• Plate 116. Plaster finds: (a) red plaster (IVA.1233) showing front and side with timber impression; (b) plaster with traces of yellow pigment above red background and possible timber impression on reverse (IVA.1230); (c) curved, painted plaster fragments
• Plate 117. Faunal remains: (a) House C.3, Room 1.4, fish bones of Sparidae and Trachinidae (E3 3947.1); (b) ovicaprid mandile with chop mark (E3 3948.1); (c) House C.5, Room 1, marine mollusks (F4 9120.2); (d) House C.2, Room 6, shark vertebra with possi
• Plate 118. Faunal remains: (a) House C.3, Room 1.6, dismembering cut marks on ovicaprid pelvis fragments (E4 4716.2); (b) Plateia B, pig mandible (E3 1809.1–2); (c) House C.2, Room 2, modified triton shell (Charonia sp.) with tip cut off (the small perfor
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