Tourism security is an important part of both security management and tourism. Private security professionals and police departments in tourism cities, as well as hotels, major attractions, and theme parks, have all come to realize that tourism security and safety issues (often called tourism surety) are essential for industry survival and success. In Tourism Security, leading expert Peter Tarlow addresses a range of key issues in tourism safety and security.The book guides the reader through a study of tourism security themes and best practices. Topics include the relationship between tourism security and the economy, hotel and motel security, risk and crisis management, public places, transportation, and legal issues. The book also includes case studies of four popular tourist destinations. With each destination, an interview with a police or security representative is includedâproviding unique, in-depth insight to security concerns. Tourism Security is an invaluable resource for private security professionals, police departments that serve tourist destinations, and tourism professionals who work in hotels or convention centers, or at attractions, casinos, or events.
Explains what tourism security is and outlines safety procedures for different tourism environments
Serves as a resource tool and how-to for implementing best practices
Includes detailed case studies of four popular tourist destinations: Charleston, South Carolina, the Dominican Republic, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
This chapter provides an introduction to tourism security and how it relates to the general world of tourism. The chapter provides us with a historic overview of how tourism viewed security both before and after September 11, 2001. It also focuses on issues of safety, security, and surety. The chapter begins with an examination of the role of perceptions in tourism security, and then it provides a sociological analysis of how tourism security interacts with travelers. This chapter provides an overview of the types of tourism security and why the field is much more complex than what most laypeople assume.
Keywords
Perceptions
Safety
Security
Soft uniforms
Surety
Tourists
Travelers
Visitors
The Tourism Phenomenon
Modern tourism is the worldâs largest peacetime industry, yet it often remains an enigma, not only to tourism scholars and professionals but also to those who are tasked with protecting visitors and the tourism industry. Tourism is something that everyone recognizes, but almost no one can define. There are almost as many explanations as to what tourism is as there are tourists.
While there may be scholarly debates over tourismâs precise definition, there are still many areas of agreement. For example, most scholars will attest to the fact that tourism is about unique perceived experiences.
âąEmotions are not necessarily connected to educational levels.
âąOften, the higher the level of scientific reasoning within a society, then the more prone that societyâs members are to periods of irrational thought.
âąIn tourism, fantasy and reality may merge into a world of simulata. Simulata is the reproduction of reality in such a way that it mimics reality without being reality. A good example of simulata is the movie Argo, which is a movie about a movie.
âąSecurity and safety have as much to do with our perceptions of them as they have to do with concrete data.
If we look at the United States, then we can note both facts and interpretations of facts. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the United States ranked second in tourism arrivals with 62.3 million; France ranked first with 79.5 million arrivals (International Tourism & Number of Arrivals, 2013). However, if a person from, to use the Russian term, âthe near abroadâ chooses to use a French airport, is that person a tourist? Should a person who arrives at one Paris airport, and a few hours later leaves from another Paris airport, be considered a tourist? Do we define that person as a transient or a visitor?
Despite these statistical challenges, tourism is big business. In every U.S. state, tourism is either the largest or the second- or third-largest industry. If we assume that an export item is defined as âbringing money from place X to place Y,â then tourism is also a major export item. Internationally, the tourism industry brings in millions of dollars, and it is one of the major job providers in many nations (Table 1.1).
Table 1.1
International Tourist Arrivals
1
France
Europe
79.5 million
77.1 million
+ 3.0%
2
United States
North America
62.3 million
59.8 million
+ 4.2%
3
China
Asia
57.6 million
55.7 million
+ 3.4%
4
Spain
Europe
56.7 million
52.7 million
+ 7.6%
5
Italy
Europe
46.1 million
43.6 million
+ 5.7%
6
Turkey
Europe
29.3 million
27.0 million
+ 8.7%
7
United Kingdom
Europe
29.2 million
28.3 million
+ 3.2%
8
Germany
Europe
28.4 million
26.9 million
+ 5.5%
9
Malaysia
Asia
24.7 million
24.6 million
+ 0.6%
10
Mexico
North America
23.4 million
23.3 million
+ 0.5%
Source: 2013 tourism highlights (2013).
Data taken from the World Tourism Organization for 2011.
Note: Different nations and organizations use different statistical methods and definitions of a tourist or tourist year, thus there will be slight variations in the numbers.
Tourism Terminology and History
The most common term employed among the industryâs professionals is âtravel and tourism.â They use this term as if it were one word. Travel and tourism, however, are different from one another. Travel is one of the worldâs oldest phenomena. In a sense we can trace it back to the beginnings of recorded history. Humans, just as other species, have consistently wandered from place to place. Ancient men and women traveled to find food or escape danger, and they traveled due to harsh weather conditions or natural phenomena. Yet, few people saw travel as a pleasurable experience; in fact, travel was hard work. The entymology of the word travel reflects this difficulty. We derive the modern word travel from the French word travail, meaning âwork,â while the French derive travail from the Latin word trepalium, meaning an âinstrument of torture.â
For most of human history, travel was hard work and often torturous. Until the modern era (and even into the modern era), travelers never knew when weather conditions might turn âroadsâ into seas of mud. Robbers and kidnappers often ruled the nights, and pirates, stealing both goods and persons, were common fare. To add to travelersâ woes, places of lodging were often cold and uncomfortable, they rarely provided privacy, and their food was irregular in both quantity and quality.
Modern Tourism Definitions
âModern tourismâ is one of those terms that most people understand, yet few people define well. There seems to be no definitive definition for âtourism.â Tourism is defined as: âthe practice of traveling for recreation; the guidance or management of tourists; the promotion and encouragement of touring; the accommodation of touristsâ (Merriam-Websterâs Collegiate Dictionary, 1993, p. 1248). Other scholars and tourism scientists present alternative definitions. For example, in the preface to The Tourism System (1985), David Pattison, then head of the Scottish Tourism Board, writes: âFrom an image viewpoint, tourism is presently thought of in ambiguous terms. No definitions of tourism are universally accepted. There is a link between tourism, travel, recreation, and leisure, yet the link is fuzzyâŠâ (p. xvi).
However, Goeldner and McIntosh (1990) define tourism as: âthe science, art, and business of attracting and transporting visitors, accommodating them, and graciously catering to their needs and wantsâ (p. vii). Later on, however, they state: âAny attempt to define tourism and to describe fully its scope must consider the various groups that participate in and are affected by this industryâ (p. 3). The authors then describe four different scopes of tourism: (1) persons traveling for pleasure, (2) persons traveling for meetings or to represent another, (3) persons traveling for business, and (4) cruise passengers on shore (p. 6). In fact, we can reduce McIntosh and Goeldnerâs four categories into two, those traveling for pleasure or due to their own volition, and those traveling for commercial or business reasons.
On the other hand, Choy, Gee, and Makens (1989) in the work The Travel Industry define tourism by stating: âthe travel industry will be defined as âthe composite of organizations, both public and private, that are involved in the development, production, and marketing of products and services to serve the needs of travelersâ (pp. 4â5) (Figure 1.1).
Figure 1.1 The tourism industry.
Lack of a Unified Vocabulary
A review of the literature demonstrates that there is no one definition for the term âtourism,â or any one single word to describe the industry. In the United States, travel or âtravel and tourismâ is the preferred colloquial, while in many other countries, the term âtourismâ tends to dominate. Moreover, there is no set definition for the term âtouristâ or how this phrase differs from others, such as visitor, or even day-tripper. For example, is a person who leaves his or her town to shop in a town nearby a tourist or a visitor? What if the same person stays in a taxable place of lodging? Are day-trippers tourists, visitors, or neither? What about cruise passengers who spend just a few hours in a port of call? What are they to be called?
For purposes of this book, a tourist is defined as someone who travels more than 100 miles (160 km) and stays at least one night in a taxable place of lodging or with family and friends. A visitor is defined as a person who earns his or her money in place X but spends it in pla...
Table des matiĂšres
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Foreword
Foreword Two: Problems of Tourism Safety in Latin America
Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction to Tourism Security
Chapter 2: The Relationship between Tourism Security and the Economy
Chapter 3: Hotel and Motel Security
Chapter 4: Risk and Crisis Management
Chapter 5: Public Gathering Places
Chapter 6: Aquatic Tourism: Security at Beaches, Rivers, Lakes, and on the High Seas
Chapter 7: Transportation: Travel by Air, Car, and Train
Chapter 8: Tourism Security Legal Issues
Chapter 9: Case Studies: Four Tourism Cities
Afterword
Index
Normes de citation pour Tourism Security
APA 6 Citation
Tarlow, P. (2014). Tourism Security ([edition unavailable]). Elsevier Science. Retrieved from https://www.perlego.com/book/1830934/tourism-security-strategies-for-effectively-managing-travel-risk-and-safety-pdf (Original work published 2014)