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Perspectives on Paul
Five Views
McKnight, Scot, Oropeza, B. J.
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eBook - ePub
Perspectives on Paul
Five Views
McKnight, Scot, Oropeza, B. J.
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Ă propos de ce livre
This five-views work brings together an all-star lineup of Pauline scholars to offer a constructive, interdenominational, up-to-date conversation on key issues of Pauline theology. The editors begin with an informative recent history of biblical tradition related to the perspectives on Paul. JohnM.G. Barclay, A.Andrew Das, JamesD.G. Dunn, Brant Pitre, and Magnus Zetterholm then discuss how to interpret Paul's writings and theology, especially the apostle's view of salvation. The book concludes with an assessment of the perspectives from a pastoral point of view by DennisEdwards.
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Informations
Sujet
Theology & ReligionSous-sujet
Biblical Studies1
The Roman Catholic Perspective on Paul
Introduction
The current debate over the âNew Perspectiveâ on Paul arguably was launched in 1977 by E. P. Sandersâs book Paul and Palestinian Judaism.1 Over the years, one fascinating feature of this debate is that Sandersâs interpretation has sometimes been criticized for being too âCatholic.â For example, Kent Yinger points out that critics of the New Perspective on Paul (NPP) contend that it âblurs the distinction between Roman Catholic and Protestant soteriology.â2 In particular, Sandersâs concept of âcovenantal nomismâ is singled out as dangerously close to a Catholic perspective: âCovenantal nomism and NPP versions of salvation seem closer to Roman Catholic views than to Lutherâs. They certainly highlight the role of obedience more than âby grace alone through faith aloneâ would seem to do. . . . Such ecumenical union sounds to many like the clearest signal that the gains of the Reformation are being lost.â3
Sanders himself was the first to draw a connection between nineteenth-century Protestant caricatures of Judaism as a legalistic religion of âworks righteousnessâ and similar views of Catholicism: âOne must note in particular the projection on to Judaism of the view which Protestants find most objectionable in Roman Catholicism: the existence of a treasury of merits established by works of supererogation. We have here the retrojection of the Protestant-Catholic debate into ancient history, with Judaism taking the role of Catholicism and Christianity the role of Lutheranism.â4
In this essay I will seek to show that Sandersâs interpretation of Paul is in fact very close to Catholic soteriology on several key points. As a Catholic, I do not see this as a weakness of Sandersâs position. Instead, I would argue that Sandersâs reading of Paul coheres with Catholic readings over the centuries because both are based on compelling interpretations of what Paul himself actually says. By way of illustration, my essay will have three objectives.
First, I will focus on key passages in Paul that are foundational for Catholic exegesis. Space does not permit me to address every aspect of the Catholic doctrine of justification. Instead, I will limit myself to four central issues: (1) justification as forgiveness and real participation âin Christâ; (2) initial justification by grace through faith alone; (3) the meaning of âworks of the lawâ; and (4) final justification according to works and not by faith alone.5
Second, I will give a brief overview of how these key passages in Paul have been interpreted in the Catholic tradition. On the one hand, this will entail surveying what individual commentators have said in the patristic, medieval, and modern periods. On the other hand, since I have been tasked with summarizing âThe Roman Catholic perspective on Paul,â we will also need to pay attention to official Catholic teaching on justification, which can be found in three key places: (1) the Council of Trentâs Decree on Justification (1547);6 (2) the official Catechism of the Catholic Churchâs article on âGrace and Justificationâ (1992);7 and (3) the General Audiences of Pope Benedict XVI on Saint Paul (2008â9).8 For readers unfamiliar with the Catholic perspective, I cannot overemphasize the importance of reading these documents firsthand, with specific attention to how they interpret Paul.9
Third, I will highlight key areas of overlap between the Catholic perspective on Paul and the work of E. P. Sanders. One prominent Lutheran exegete recently described Sandersâs work as an âassaultâ on âthe Lutheran Paul.â10 As I hope to show, one reason Sanders has been accused of undermining the Protestant Reformation is that his exegesis of Paul unintentionally arrived at several of the same conclusions as patristic and medieval Catholic interpreters of Paul, as well as the Council of Trent. As far as I know, this kind of close comparison of Sanders and the Catholic perspective has never been done. My hope is that it will highlight common ground in the task of ârereading Paul together.â11
Justification as Forgiveness and Real Participation âin Christâ
The first aspect of the Catholic perspective on Paul that needs to be emphasized is that justification involves both the remission of sins and a real participation in the death and resurrection of Christ. Through faith and baptism, a person is both reputed to be righteous and transformed from being a slave of sin âin Adamâ to being a child of God âin Christ.â
The Apostle Paul: Justification, Baptism, and Being âin Christâ
In support of this view, consider the following passages in which Paul links justification and dying and rising âin Christ,â especially through baptism:12
The law was our custodian until Christ came, that we might be justified by faith. . . . For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith. For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. (Gal. 3:24â27)
You were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God. . . . He who is united to the Lord becomes one spirit with him. (1 Cor. 6:11, 17)
If any one is in Christ, he is a new creation. . . . All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself. . . . For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. (2 Cor. 5:17â18, 21)
As one manâs trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one manâs act of righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all men. For as by one manâs disobedience many were made sinners, so by one manâs obedience many will be made righteous. (Rom. 5:18â19)
Do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walk in newness of life. . . . For he who has died is justified from sin. (Rom. 6:3â4, 7)
We will return to the specific role of faith below. For now, three observations are necessary. First, Paul repeatedly connects the noun ârighteousnessâ (ÎŽÎčÎșαÎčÎżÏÏΜη, dikaiosynÄ) and/or the verb âjustifyâ (ÎŽÎčÎșαÎčÏÏ, dikaioĆ) with being âin Christâ (áŒÎœ ΧÏÎčÏÏáż·, en ChristĆ) or âunited toâ Christ (Gal. 3:24, 26; 1 Cor. 6:11, 17; 2 Cor. 5:17, 21; Rom. 6:1â11). Second, Paul also connects being âin Christâ with being âbaptizedâ (ÎČαÏÏίζÏ, baptizĆ) (Gal. 3:27; Rom. 6:3). In one case...
Table des matiĂšres
- iCover
- iiHalf Title Page
- iiiTitle Page
- ivCopyright Page
- vDedication
- viiContents
- ixPreface
- xiAbbreviations
- 1Paul in Perspective
- 251 The Roman Catholic Perspective on Paul
- 832 The Traditional Protestant Perspective on Paul
- 1333 The New Perspective on Paul
- 1714 The Paul within Judaism Perspective
- 2195 The Gift Perspective on Paul
- 259Afterword
- 267Author Index
- 273Scripture Index
- 279Subject Index
- 286Back Cover
Normes de citation pour Perspectives on Paul
APA 6 Citation
[author missing]. (2020). Perspectives on Paul ([edition unavailable]). Baker Publishing Group. Retrieved from https://www.perlego.com/book/2063257/perspectives-on-paul-five-views-pdf (Original work published 2020)
Chicago Citation
[author missing]. (2020) 2020. Perspectives on Paul. [Edition unavailable]. Baker Publishing Group. https://www.perlego.com/book/2063257/perspectives-on-paul-five-views-pdf.
Harvard Citation
[author missing] (2020) Perspectives on Paul. [edition unavailable]. Baker Publishing Group. Available at: https://www.perlego.com/book/2063257/perspectives-on-paul-five-views-pdf (Accessed: 15 October 2022).
MLA 7 Citation
[author missing]. Perspectives on Paul. [edition unavailable]. Baker Publishing Group, 2020. Web. 15 Oct. 2022.