Tourism Risk

Crisis and Recovery Management

Marco Valeri, Marco Valeri

• Éditeur: Emerald Publishing Limited
• Année: 2022
• ISBN:
  9781801177108
• Sujet: Business
• Sous-sujet: Hospitality, Travel & Tourism Industry

The tourism industry is made up of a wide cluster of sectors having specific requirements related to planning for and recovery from tourism destination disasters. Crises faced by tourism destinations have been examined by authors from many angles, including recovery strategies, models for analyzing and developing effective tourism disaster management strategies, economic assessment of policy responses, effects on tourism forecasting and processes for a holistic approach to crises and disaster management in public and private sector organizations.

Tourism Risk: Crisis and Recovery Management is structured in two parts. The first part focuses on "disaster management strategies" and collects chapters analyzing potential obstacles to preventing destruction from (natural) disasters through advocacy, knowledge management, better coordination, capacity building strategies, and better preparedness through advanced emergency response. The second part focuses on recovery management strategies and collects chapters focusing on the tasks which managers face after the immediate consequences of a crisis have been dealt with, addressing the question of how to rebuild the market for a tourism service or destination which has experienced a significant catastrophe, and how to learn from the experience to plan for future crisis response strategies.

Tourism Risk: Crisis and Recovery Management is the result of research from varied nationalities and aims to provide a comprehensive collection of new insights for traditional paradigms, as well as exploring more recent developments in research methodology in the context of crisis management in tourism.

Recovery Management Strategies

Chapter 9

The Influence of Tourists' Visit Intention Attributes of Recovery Aspect on Destination Image in the Post-crisis

Albattat Ahmad, Nini Shaliza, Mohd Zuraimi and Azizul Jamaludin

1. Introduction

Malaysia Tourism Statistics shows declined of Asian and European tourists from 2014 until 2020. Despite the perception towards destination, nowadays tourists more concern on formation of destination crisis management. This study aims to identify the aspects influenced; to determine the role of media influence towards economy recovery and to examine the mediated role of media influence between the aspects of relationship that influenced the economy recovery after post-crises supported by three aspects: restoration of confidence, performance of stakeholders and the response with media influenced as a mediated. Several implications and promotion of crisis management are discussed in this study.

What does ‘recovery’ mean? Researchers have reviewed the literature to see how the term has been used. At one time there was relatively little material, but in recent years, far more attention has been paid to ‘recovery’ in research reports. In research studies and everyday disaster planning, as well as in actual practice, the referent of those who use the word is not very clear, often inconsistent and confused. The general referent is clearly to a temporal phase – part of what goes on in the post impact stage at some point after the crisis time period of disaster. But with respect to other aspects, the thinking, writing and doing of most people and groups are rather murky. In fact, there is not even much agreement on the specific term, world or label to use, or if the different concepts used have reference to the same or different kinds of phenomena. Based on observation, most of the terms frequently used and sometimes interchangeably by both researchers and operational personnel, with the most common ones – reconstruction, restoration, rehabilitation, restitution and recovery – at least in the English language, are not always pointing to the same thing or process.

Unfortunately, as per Malaysia Statistics, Malaysia's shows declined of volume of employment by one percent to 14.93 million people on April 2020 especially in service sector, such as (hospitality), food and beverage, the arts, entertainment and recreation, among the most affected workers (Ab. Razak, 2020). In 2018, the overall GDP accounted for around 5.9%. After manufacturing and commodities, tourism is the third major contributor to Malaysia's GDP. The tourism industry in Southeast Asia has experienced substantial growth in recent years, and Malaysia has been keen to capitalize on this trend. In the hope of achieving the ambitious goals of 30 million visitors and 100 billion Malaysian tourism receipts by 2020, the ‘Visit Truly Asia Malaysia 2020’ campaign has been launched. The COVID-19 outbreak, however, has resulted in the cancellation of this campaign. First, Malaysia imposed a partial travel ban for tourists from China, its second largest tourism sector, and then a full travel ban.

2. Literature Review

2.1 Restoration of Confidence Aspect

According to Earle (2009), the global monetary emergency that occurred in 2008 is in sharp contrast to the ‘annual credit wave’. This fiasco was a critical acceleration due to a lack of trust and certainty. However, although the rebuilding of buyer certainty and attendance is often seen as a sign of effective tourism recovery, the fiasco of weakness reduction as written by the board of directors advocating reactiveness begins with the supportable turn of events and the far-reaching risk of merger collapse of the reduction (Gurtner, 2016; Kumar, Valeri, & Asthana, 2021; Santos, Ramos, Sousa, Almeida, & Valeri, 2021). The pandemic danger of the coronavirus and its restrictions on personal opportunities, social relationships, work environment termination and shopping stores have aroused public psychological disgust. In a previous case study on the Zimbabwe Restoration Trust Fund, ‘Zimbabweans want them to announce a reassessment of the over-expansion of the people's livelihood and investment funds in 2008–2009 fixed according to the objective who led in basic factor to develop and avoid emergencies’ (Southall, 2017).

2.2 Performance of Stakeholders Aspect

Facts have proved that in times of financial difficulties, citizens' attention to currency issues has increased (Traber, Giger, & Häusermann, 2018). In addition, due to the lack of directness between the ecotourism mission and the national development plan, the helpless responsibility exercise and the powerless combination system, the country's ecotourism supportability has been greatly affected (Passapé, Anderson, & Lindi, 2021). Network management cannot be considered independently of the social, monetary and natural variables of the environment being examined, and further examinations are recommended to reflect the uniform relationship between local, public and global organizations (Baggio & Valeri, 2020; Farmaki, 2015; Valeri, 2016; Valeri & Baggio, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2021).

2.3 The Response Aspect

The diagnosis and curiosity of emergency response, as seen by customers in the prior affiliation of the change, are filled in as a hidden cycle description to promote obvious communication impact (Tao & Song, 2020). Therefore, the government needs to arrange reasonable emergencies and joint efforts with neighbouring urban communities in the emergency notification framework to produce high-level administrative responsibilities and urban restoration strategies (Kin-Sun, Zheng, & Gong, 2018). The World Health Organization advocates a quick review in these situations. The intensive consideration units that consider coronavirus patients include arranging emergency flood response; emergency flood response procedures; emergency, supporting families and staff (Aziz et al., 2020). The correlation between the two is very important to improve and adjust the data location in a specific situation, which depends on the contextual mindfulness (Valeri & Katsoni, 2021).

2.4 Media Influence

Extensive communication is a method used to transfer data uninterruptedly and available to networks around the world. In today's era of globalization, modernization makes it easier for individuals to complete their daily lives. Nevertheless, this complexity has both positive and negative effects on customers. The chaos of using this office will become a danger and may exacerbate social problems in public places (Wahab, Othman, & Muhammad, 2017). Therefore, the influence of the media on the concept of actual work within society and its implied group and personal qualities is beyond doubt. In the field of media education, a variety of guidance and exploration opportunities can be found. In addition, a distinction is made between joins with different social indicators, such as intensity, malignancy, personal development related to exercise, excellent generalization and medical care (Pilar, Rafael, Félix, & Gabriel, 2019).

2.5 Economy Recovery

The outbreak of the new COVID-19 coronavirus, due to its lethality, has caused a worldwide fever. Malaysia is currently monitoring this pandemic, and public authorities have forced a development control request (MCO) to stop the spread of this disease. Air activities are restricted and representatives of hotels in the resort are required to take unpaid leave. In addition, since real pandemic diseases are spreading all over the world, it has also adversely affected Malaysia's tourism and passion industries (Karim, Haque, Anis, & Ulfy, 2020). The impact of emergencies on the public economy may be extreme, and rapid and thorough health maintenance is fundamental. The travel industry may be an ideal hub for recovery sports because it is tough and has many connections in different fields. Assuming that in the balance, the travel industry should receive general attention as a tool for recovery after an emergency (de Sausmarez, 2007).

2.6 Media Influence as Mediating

We are living in a period of computerization, which can be described from different perspectives: the digitization of simple data storage, the rise of the network society, the vertical quality correspondence model is replaced by informal organizations and the influence of habitual media is reduced. This chapter manages the main attributes of computerized time: intelligence, temporality, hypertext and assembly. From the past research, the habitual media emergency helps to discover the applicable issues of the data space: the creation and dispersion of data content, the currency model and the changes in customer behaviour (Peciulis, 2016). Individuals' assumptions about media influence usually influence their willingness to participate (Hong & Kim, 2019). In an emergency, an important corresponding shift is network-based media. Facebook is an organization that promotes interpersonal communication in the world. The results of the exam reveal the part of Facebook insight (as a picture recovery tool), and its superior quality as a multi-utilitarian tool, can be used to address various groups of people, guide formal and casual contacts, publish different types of data, avoid news media and serve as additional dissemination. Channels are filled (Ketter, 2016). Table 1 will summarize the previous studies related to the topic (Ahmad, Jamaludin, Zuraimi, & Valeri, 2020; Beirman, 2020; Cheer & Lew, 2017; Chemli, Toanoglou, & Valeri, 2020; Ritchie, 2009; Ritchie & Campiranon, 2015; Pforr & Hoise, 2010; Toanoglou, Chemli, & Valeri, 2021).

Table 1. Summaries of Previous Study Related to the Topic.

No.	Topic	Findings	Author(s)/Year
1	The organizational impact of COVID-19 crisis on travel perceived risk across four continents	This research investigates the influence of governance, media coverage, crisis severity, former travel practice and COVID-19 incidences on the perceived risk related to travel and tourism during the pandemic and in cross-countries. The finding confirms the clustering in the data with media coverage, governance and crisis growth affecting the outcome.	Michail Toanoglou, Samiha Chemli, and Marco Valeri (2021)
2	The impact of Covid-19 media coverage on tourist's awareness for future traveling	This research investigates the influence of media coverage and the perceived risks related to travel and tourism by the pandemic's time on the odds of potential outbound tourists' level of awareness. The findings conclude that the higher is the perceived physical risk, the lower is the impact of MC on the awareness of outbound tourists during the pandemic. Thus, media are big influencers to accentuate the awareness of potential outbound travellers during a pandemic.	Samiha Chemli, Michail Toanoglou, and Marco Valeri (2020)
3	Visit intention and destination image post-COVID-19 crisis recovery	The aim of this research is to analyze the factors influencing visit intention and destination image in post-COVID-19 crisis recovery. The findings demonstrate that physical factors are the main factors that influence tourists' visit intention.	Albattat Ahmad, Azizul Jamaludin, Nini Shaliza Mohd Zuraimi, and Marco Valeri (2020)
4	Business and post-disaster management: Business, organisational and consumer resilience and the Christchurch earthquake	This book provides a comprehensive examination of the effects of a natural disaster on businesses and organizations and on a range of stakeholders, including employees and consumers. Research on how communities and businesses res...

Table des matières

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Table of Contents
• List of Figures and Tables
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Disaster Management Strategies
• Recovery Management Strategies
• Index