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Understanding Jacques Ellul
Greenman, Schuchardt
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eBook - ePub
Understanding Jacques Ellul
Greenman, Schuchardt
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Jacques Ellul (1912-1994) was one of the world's last great polymaths and one of the most important Christian thinkers of his time, engaging the world with a simplicity, sincerity, courage, and passion that few have matched. However, Ellul is an often misunderstood thinker. As more than fifty books and over one thousand articles bear his name, embarking on a study of Ellul's thought can be daunting. This book provides an introduction to Ellul's life and work, analyzing and assessing his thought across the most important themes of his scholarship. Readers will see that his remarkably broad field of vision, clarity of focus, and boldly prophetic voice make his work worth reading and considering, rereading and discussing.
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Sujet
Theologie & ReligionSous-sujet
ReligionChapter 1
Ellulâs Life and Thought
Although Jacques Ellul wrote over fifty books and one thousand articles during his career, his life involved much more than a professorâs typical labors of lecturing and writing.1 Andrew Goddard has aptly commented that âEllulâs life and his thought are intricately interwoven. He wrote out of what he lived and he lived out what he wrote.â2 This chapter aims to set the stage for understanding Ellulâs thought by locating his writings in the context of his life.
Early Years and Education
Jacques CĂ©sar Ellul was born on January 6, 1912, in Bordeaux, France.3 He spent almost his entire life in the southwest region of his home country, some six hundred kilometers removed from Paris. He was the only child of Joseph and Martha Ellul. Joseph Ellul was an Austrian subject of Serbian-Italian heritage, and Martha Ellul was French from Portuguese-Jewish ancestry. Ellul was âwhat people call a mĂ©tĂšque, a product of the melting pot,â4 as he recalled in reflection upon his mixed heritage. MĂ©tĂšque is a derogatory term in France for Mediterranean foreigners, suggesting Ellulâs identity as an outsider to the mainstream of French society. Although both of his parents had been raised in aristocratic families, the Ellul family lived in poverty. His mother was a painter and teacher of art lessons. His father was a businessman who struggled through the economic catastrophe of the Depression, often without steady work. Ellul said: âOne of the most important, most decisive elements in my life was that I grew up in a rather poor family. I experienced true poverty in every way, and I know very well the life of a family in a wretched milieu, with all the educational problems that this involves and the difficulties of having to work while still very young. I had to make my living from the age of fifteen, and I pursued all my studies while earning my own and sometimes my familyâs livelihood.â5
Despite this, Ellul recalled a happy childhood, spending time on the docks at the port of Bordeaux and visiting the Jardin Public with its trees, ponds, and fountains. His only âbad memoryâ was âharassment in high school because I was the smallest in the classâand the best student.â6 He writes of loving parents: âI lived with two parents who loved me very much, but in completely different ways. My father was very distant . . . my mother was very close to me, though extremely reserved.â7 Concerning his religious upbringing, Ellul stated that he âreally did not have any at all.â His father was âa skeptic, a Voltairianâ in outlook, and therefore quite critical of religion. âHe didnât forbid that I receive any kind of Christian education, but nothing was done in that direction.â8 His mother was a Protestant whom Ellul describes as âdeeply religiousâ but who kept her faith to herself: âshe never spoke to me about it; she never told me anything.â9 Despite this situation, as a child he read the Bible by himself. Ellul was not raised in âa Christian atmosphereâ but later experienced a dramatic Christian conversion.
Despite the familyâs poverty, when Ellul graduated from high school, his mother insisted that he begin university rather than get a job immediately. His father overruled Ellulâs desire for a career as a naval officer and steered him toward law.10 This resonated for pragmatic reasons; according to Ellul, law âwas a subject that seemed to lead to a profession, and the study of it was relatively short. Those were frankly the only reasons I had for choosing it.â11 He began his studies in law at the University of Bordeaux in 1929, the year of the worldwide economic crash. He completed his licence en droit in 1931 and his licence libre et lettres in 1932; after his mandatory military service during 1934â35, he completed his doctoral thesis in 1936 on an ancient Roman legal institution, the mancipium (the right of father to sell children). During 1937, he taught at Montpellier and then in 1938 took a position at Strasbourg University.
Turning Points
Early in his law studies there were two decisive eventsâreading Karl Marx and becoming a Christian.12 Of his conversion, Ellul said, âI was alone in the house busy translating Faust when suddenly, and I have no doubts on this at all, I knew myself to be in the presence of something so astounding, so overwhelming that entered me to the very centre of my being. Thatâs all I can tell you. I was so moved that I left the room in a stunned state. In the courtyard there was a bicycle lying around. I jumped on it and fled.â13 He explained:
I was convertedânot by someone, nor can I say I converted myself. It is a very personal story, but I will say it was a very brutal and very sudden conversion. . . . From that moment on, I lived through the conflict and contradiction between what became the center of my lifeâthis faith, this reference to the Bible, which I henceforth read from a different perspectiveâand what I knew of Marx and did not wish to abandon. For I did not see why I should have to give up the things that Marx said about society and explained about economy and injustice in the world. I saw no reason to reject them just because I was now a Christian.14
One of the most important elements of his conversion was that Ellul encountered the Bible in a new way. He recalled that reading the eighth chapter of Paulâs letter to the Romans was âa watershed in my life. In fact, it was such a totally decisive experience that it became one of the steps in my conversion. And for the first time in my life, a biblical text really became Godâs Word to me. . . . It became a living contemporary Word, which I could no longer question, which was beyond all discussion. And that Word then became the point of departure for all my reflection in the faith.â15
Regarding his encounter with Marx, Ellul explained:
In 1930, I discovered Marx. I read Das Kapital and I felt I understood everything. I felt that at last I knew why my father was out of work, at last I knew why we were destitute. For a boy of seventeen, perhaps eighteen, it was an astonishing revelation about the society he lived in. It also illuminated the working-class condition I had plunged into and those dealings at the port of Bordeaux . . . Thus, for me, Marx was an astonishing discovery of the reality of this world . . . I plunged into Marxâs think...
Table des matiĂšres
- Title Page
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Ellulâs Life and Thought
- Chapter 2: Technology and Technique
- Chapter 3: Communication: Media, Propaganda, and the Word
- Chapter 4: The City and Urbanism
- Chapter 5: Politics and Economics
- Chapter 6: Scripture
- Chapter 7: Ethics
- Chapter 8: Ellul as a Christian Scholar
- Key Events in the Life of Jacques Ellul
- Bibliography
Normes de citation pour Understanding Jacques Ellul
APA 6 Citation
Greenman, & Schuchardt. (2012). Understanding Jacques Ellul ([edition unavailable]). Wipf and Stock Publishers. Retrieved from https://www.perlego.com/book/878514/understanding-jacques-ellul-pdf (Original work published 2012)
Chicago Citation
Greenman, and Schuchardt. (2012) 2012. Understanding Jacques Ellul. [Edition unavailable]. Wipf and Stock Publishers. https://www.perlego.com/book/878514/understanding-jacques-ellul-pdf.
Harvard Citation
Greenman and Schuchardt (2012) Understanding Jacques Ellul. [edition unavailable]. Wipf and Stock Publishers. Available at: https://www.perlego.com/book/878514/understanding-jacques-ellul-pdf (Accessed: 14 October 2022).
MLA 7 Citation
Greenman, and Schuchardt. Understanding Jacques Ellul. [edition unavailable]. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2022.