Insight Therapy

10 Key excerpts on "Insight Therapy"

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  eBook - ePub

  The Modes And Morals Of Psychotherapy

  • Perry London(Author)
  • 2014(Publication Date)
  • Taylor & Francis

    (Publisher)

  II

  THE HEALING MODES: Insight Therapy

     

  THE ARGUMENT

  Insight Therapy is what most people have in mind when they think of “going into” psychotherapy. Their statements about it may be vague, but their idea of what happens there is correct. They fancy psychotherapy is “talking to someone” in ways which help to understand what “makes” them the way they are, expecting that the understanding thus obtained will relieve their inner stress. In those two simple terms, they grasp the essence of Insight method and theory.

  The technical differences that separate Insight schools are not substantial things to lay people. Lying on a couch, sitting upright, saying all that comes to mind, crying, screaming, analyzing dreams, writing fairy tales, admonishing empty chairs, punching pillows, recalling childhood, are all subordinate parts of what they know to be the centerpiece of Insight Therapy–expanding consciousness.

  This increase takes place chiefly by talking, and to someone who does not reciprocate in kind, does not trade information and experience, and is not sociable or friendly in the usual sense, but selflessly attends the client's self. Insight therapists of different schools answer differently to what patients say and do, aiming at their attitudes, their histories, the contradictions of their self-perceptions or the hidden feelings and ideas which orchestrate the ones they show. All of these are tools for focusing attention on the patient's self, which learns to be responsible for its expressions in the session, as in life, and to treat the therapist impersonally as a mirror of itself, a projection screen for its own ghosts, an instrument to use in hot pursuit of consciousness.

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  Counseling and Psychotherapy

  A Christian Perspective

  • Tan, Siang-Yang(Authors)
  • 2022(Publication Date)
  • Baker Academic

    (Publisher)

  There are usually eleven to fifteen major ones, depending on the author and the text. In this book the following thirteen major theoretical approaches to counseling and psychotherapy will be covered in some detail (in chaps. 4–16), based on the theories and techniques developed by their founders and practitioners: psychoanalytic therapy, Adlerian therapy, Jungian therapy, existential therapy, person-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, reality therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy, mindfulness and acceptance-based cognitive-behavioral therapies, constructivist therapies, integrative therapies and positive psychotherapy, and marital and family therapy. Psychoanalytic Therapy. The key figure within the field of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy is Sigmund Freud. He originated a theory of personality development focused on experiences in the first six years of life that determine the subsequent development of personality. Freudian or psychoanalytic theory emphasizes unconscious factors, especially sexual and aggressive drives motivating human behavior. Psychoanalytic therapy employs techniques such as free association (allowing the client to say whatever comes to mind without censorship); dream analysis (interpreting the latent or hidden meaning of the dream mainly through the use of symbols that have consistent significance for almost every person); and analysis of transference (when the client responds to the analyst or therapist as a significant person of authority in their life, thereby revealing childhood conflicts the client has experienced). The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to help make the unconscious to be conscious and strengthen the ego. Contemporary versions of psychoanalytic therapy, such as object-relations theory, focus more on attachment and human relationship needs rather than on sexual and aggressive drives

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  Person-Centred Counselling Psychology

  An Introduction

  • Ewan Gillon(Author)
  • 2007(Publication Date)
  • SAGE Publications Ltd

    (Publisher)

  adaptation of unhealthy defences (i.e. challenging those which are dysfunctional or ‘immature’; Jacobs, 2005), rather than their elimination.

  Therapeutic approach

  There is considerable disagreement between therapeutic approaches within the psychodynamic paradigm and the person-centred approach in terms of the nature of psychological therapy and its role in enabling change within the client. From a psychodynamic perspective, psychological change is a product of increased conscious awareness of previously unconscious impulses, motivations and defences. This outcome is viewed as best enacted through the direct analytic input of the therapist, whose primary role is to guide the client toward a greater degree of awareness by offering ‘interpretations’ of her actions and experiences in terms of the unconscious processes motivating them.

  Due to the emphasis on the developmental basis of psychological difficulties, psychodynamic interpretations orientate around the links between past and present, highlighting, for example, how present day adult relationships are informed by childhood experiences. The therapeutic focus is thus very much on what Jacobs (2005) terms ‘the presenting past’, a focus which allows previously unconscious material (feelings, motivations and related forms of psychological defence etc.) to be brought into conscious awareness and attended to.

  Person-centred therapy, by contrast, adopts a very different therapeutic focus, exploring the client’s perceptions and experiences in the present moment , with no agenda to encourage an exploration of how these link to the past unless wished by the client. Indeed, understanding childhood experiences is not seen as necessarily relevant to the process of change, which is instead viewed as a product of deepened experiencing of organismic feelings in the present (Davy and Cross, 2004). Furthermore, rather than viewing therapy as a process reliant on the ‘interpretations’ provided by a therapist, the emphasis within the person-centred approach is on trusting the client to contact her own organismic experiencing within the context of a supportive, facilitative therapeutic relationship. Neither ‘classical’ and ‘experiential’ traditions see a place for any therapist-derived interpretations of ‘unconscious’ processes, preferring instead to work collaboratively with

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  The Resonance of Emptiness

  A Buddhist Inspiration for Contemporary Psychotherapy

  • Gay Watson(Author)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  79 James' psychology demonstrates many of the postulates of Transpersonal Psychology; emphasis on awareness, the awakening to a greater identity beyond the bounds of the conventional self, and the training of attention and intuition.

  The Integrative Perspective

  It is important, however, not to overlook the predominance of the integrative approach. In practice, many if not most, therapeutic approaches today partake of a variety of different techniques and concepts. In the 1991 edition of Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy, Gerald Corey stated that: "There are clear indications that since the early 1980s psychotherapy has been characterized by a rapidly developing movement towards integration and eclecticism".80 His prediction, reiterated in the 1996 edition is that this trend will continue, accompanied by increased emphasis on both multicultural and spiritual perspectives. Most of the trainings which would consider themselves under the umbrellas of the Humanistic or Transpersonal schools take an eclectic approach to psychotherapy. Basic principles of psychoanalysis, the theories of Freud, Jung and Object Relations will be known and taught today for aspiring therapists in all trainings. The Rogerian principles of therapist presence are now generally upheld by many other branches of psychotherapy, and techniques and approaches originally founded in one or another major school are now frequently used in very different settings. In his latest book Gendlin writes of the understanding of the felt sense and the use of his focusing technique within different avenues of therapy.81 As psychotherapy becomes more available in the mainstream of health care, short term and goal oriented therapy taking from Cognitive-Behaviourist principles, is currently receiving much attention, supported in UK by the National Health Service and in USA by insurance companies. Buddhist influence itself is to be found in the work of practitioners and writers following all the major schools.82

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  Counseling and Psychotherapy

  A Christian Perspective

  • (Author)
  • 2011(Publication Date)
  • Baker Academic

    (Publisher)

  We can see that many of these examples of psychological treatments are already part and parcel of counseling and psychotherapy. Overview of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theory Although over four hundred varieties of counseling and psychotherapy presently exist, most of them can be subsumed under the major schools of counseling and psychotherapy that are usually covered in textbooks in this field of people-helping. There are ten to twelve major ones, depending on the author and the text. In this book the following ten major theoretical approaches to counseling and psychotherapy will be covered in some detail, based on the theories and techniques developed by their founders and practitioners: psychoanalytic therapy, Adlerian therapy, Jungian therapy, existential therapy, person-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, reality therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy, and marital and family therapy. Psychoanalytic Therapy. The key figure of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy is Sigmund Freud. He originated a theory of personality development focused on experiences in the first six years of life that determine the subsequent development of personality. Freudian or psychoanalytic theory emphasizes unconscious factors, especially sexual and aggressive drives in motivating human behavior. Psychoanalytic therapy employs techniques such as free association (allowing the client to say whatever comes to his or her mind without censorship); dream analysis (interpreting the latent or hidden meaning of the dream mainly through the use of symbols that have consistent significance for almost every person); and analysis of transference (when the client responds to the analyst or therapist as a significant person of authority from his or her life, thereby revealing childhood conflicts he or she has experienced). The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to help make the unconscious conscious and strengthen the ego

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  Clinical Psychology

  A Modern Health Profession

  • Wolfgang Linden, Paul L. Hewitt, Don Saklofske(Authors)
  • 2018(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  Post-modernism and reflects the dynamic and evolving nature of psychoanalytic thought and treatment.

  Overall, it is hoped that the student has acquired an appreciation for the important ideas that psychoanalytic theory and treatments have offered; they are the foundation and became the yardstick against which newer treatments were measured. Psychodynamic approaches have a life of their own; increasingly, they are being shown to be efficacious and effective treatments and continue to be in much demand.

  Person-Centered Therapy

  Like the other forms of therapy described in this chapter, person-centered therapy (PCT; also known as client-centered therapy or nondirective counseling) is based on a theoretical model of human functioning; however, the theoretical model differs quite substantially from many of the other models discussed. Moreover, often the emphasis of the theory has been on therapy rather than a model of how and why people behave as they do. With the person-centered approach, the theory is based upon a phenomenological view of people, and the person known best for the development of the perspective is Carl Rogers, an American clinical psychologist who was influenced strongly by other phenomonologists such as Abraham Maslow (1968), Otto Rank (1945), and Kurt Goldstein (1959).

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  Psychiatry

  • Allan Tasman, Jerald Kay, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael B. First, Mario Maj, Allan Tasman, Jerald Kay, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael B. First, Mario Maj(Authors)
  • 2011(Publication Date)
  • Wiley

    (Publisher)

  Strupp (1986) specified that psychotherapy is the systematic use of a human relationship for therapeutic purposes of alleviating emotional distress by effecting enduring changes in a patient’s thinking, feelings, and behavior. The mutual engagement of the patient and the psychotherapist, both cognitively and emotionally, is the foundation for effective psychotherapeutic work. Whereas there are many different types of psychotherapy (Figure 87–1), the core task of the psychoanalytic psychotherapist is to make contact with and comprehend, as thoroughly as possible, the patient’s subjective inner world to engage in an analytical (i.e., interpretive) conversation about it (Ornstein and Kay 1990). This core task implies that all psychoanalytic psychotherapies may be further defined in terms of three operations: accepting, understanding, and explaining (Ornstein and Ornstein 1985) (Table 87–1). First, and more specifically, the therapist must engage with the patient by accepting the subjective experience of the patient’s emotional pain and conflict. This is achieved through the establishment of a therapeutic dialogue based on an empathic, nonjudgmental rapport. Second, within the process of listening to, and feeling with the patient, the therapist will begin to develop an understanding of the intricacies of the patient’s plight. Much of what the therapist observes may at first remain outside of the patient’s conscious awareness, manifested in the form of reenactments and reliving of earlier experiences within the therapy, rather than in deliberate, conscious, descriptive communication. Last, by the sharing of this beginning understanding with the patient through a simultaneously empathic and interpretive mode, both arrive at a deeper appreciation for the genesis of, and the reasons for, the patient’s symptoms

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  Counselling Psychology

  A Textbook for Study and Practice

  • David Murphy, David Murphy(Authors)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • Wiley-Blackwell

    (Publisher)

  It is important to distinguish between the terms “psychoanalytic” and “psychodynamic” when referring to clinical practice; both forms of therapy draw on psychoanalytic principles but the frequency of the sessions differs. Psychodynamic counselling psychologists are more likely to offer weekly sessions, whereas psychoanalysts may offer up to five sessions a week, which impacts the depth of the work and the therapeutic focus. Jacobs' (1988) general definition of the term “psychodynamic” is a useful one: “what particularly distinguishes the term ‘psychodynamic’ is that the activity of the psyche is not confined to relating to people, or to objects outside of the self. . . . Activity also takes place within the psyche, in relation to itself” (pp. 4–5).

  ONTOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS: IMAGE OF THE PERSON

  In his initial topographic model of the human mind Freud outlined the fundamental premise of psychodynamic theory: that human thoughts, affective states, and motivation appear to be largely determined by unconscious forces as evidenced by dreams, slips of the tongue, and psychological symptoms originating from repressed unconscious material (Freud, 1900). The individual is driven by instinctual impulses—primitive sexual and aggressive drives that push for expression and in doing so clash with the social world and internalized social rules. This clash leads to internal conflict between instinctual impulses and the defences against them, and, according to Freud's later structural theory (Freud, 1923a), between the id, ego, and superego. An intrapsychic compromise therefore needs to be reached, yet as Greenberg (1996) notes “this is always a tragic compromise” (p. 89) that impacts personality development.

  Drive theory was challenged in the 1940s by object relations theorists such as Winnicott, Fairbairn, Guntrip, and Bowlby, who argued that the individual is motivated by the need for relationships; drives such as sexuality and aggression were conceptualized as operating within relationships rather than within the person

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  Understanding Therapeutic Action (Psychology Revivals)

  Psychodynamic Concepts of Cure

  • Lawrence Lifson, Lawrence E. Lifson(Authors)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  specific clinical conditions. Everyone wishes to be an expert—in the treatment of sexual abuse, phobias, anxiety disorders, marital problems and sexual dysfunction, narcissistic and borderline states, and others—so assiduously that people no longer seem to value the general principles that guide us to the inner life of those who suffer from these conditions. Treating diseases, rather than the people who suffer from them, had become a technicized undertaking even in psychotherapy; each condition supposedly necessitated a special “technique.” In sharp contrast, we shall present an approach that holds onto certain values inherent in psychoanalysis since its inception—values that became more clearly anchored within the entire spectrum of the psychoanalytic psychotherapies through the contributions of self psychology.

  A certain type of encounter between patient and therapist inevitably establishes a therapeutic relationship—the self-selfobject matrix—within which the patient’s thwarted needs and thwarting fears can find expression. It is the patient’s progressively less hampered expression of these needs, in the face of the ever-present fears of retraumatization, and the therapist’s responsiveness to these needs and fears (mainly through “understanding” and “explaining” them) that are the core of psychoanalytic psychotherapy—irrespective of the nature of the patient’s clinical condition. Instead of speaking of different “techniques” for different conditions, we speak of, and focus on, the nature of the therapist’s responsiveness to the various constellations of emerging needs and fears in the treatment process.

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  Mindfulness-Informed Relational Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis

  Inquiring Deeply

  • Marjorie Schuman(Author)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  Inquiring deeply focuses on the content of psychological narrative. The stories that we tell—about ourselves, about others, and about what we consider to be real—comprise the system of meaning in which we live. The therapeutic approach described in this book is based on the view that not only are these stories not “beside the point,” as Buddhist teachings often suggest, they are vital to self-understanding. As writer David Loy puts it, our world is made of stories (Loy, 2010).

  To summarize what has been said so far, inquiring deeply is mindful, psychodynamic, relational psychotherapy. The following basic premises can be articulated:

  • Inquiring deeply is a psychodynamic approach. By investigating problems and tracking experience as it unfolds over time, many psychodynamic processes can emerge clearly into view in a way that deepens self-understanding. Because the story lines of the person’s narrative can and will be understood differently by every listener, the therapist’s attuned understanding is an essential ingredient of good psychotherapy. Perceptive mirroring on the part of the therapist is essential. (If we could see our own blind spots, they wouldn’t be blind!)

  • Inquiring deeply is a relational psychotherapeutic framework. It explores the relational dimension of how the mind is organized. Relational patterns in the patient’s life are explored, especially those which are problematic in nature. By focusing closely on what is enacted in the patient’s life and the stories that are being told about those events, it becomes evident that the psychological world of lived experience is constructed around a complex “

  relational matrix ”

  which encodes our history with others.

  • Inquiring deeply is a psychoanalytic approach. Since the Here and Now of psychotherapy is a microcosm of the patient’s way of being in the world, the therapeutic relationship itself is often a fruitful area of inquiry. By bringing the process of the shared therapeutic experience into the foreground, insight emerges. To do this well, therapists need to participate in the emotional experience—in the being

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