Artificial Intelligence

Reshaping Life and Business

Dr. Prabhat Kumar

• Editore: BPB Publications
• Anno: 2019
• ISBN:
  9789388511070
• Argomento: Computer Science
• Categoria: Neural Networks

Learn how Artificial Intelligence (AI) strikes deeper roots with new products and services. Key Features

• The book gives a lucid introduction to the idea of AI.
• The book is insightful for an academic understanding of AI in the concept of Legal Personality meant for every person, including professionals in the field of Technology, Finance, Healthcare, HR Management, Agriculture.
• The book gives a idea about many new AI products and services being released in the market.
• The book presents various social, ethical, and political challenges including significant risk to humanity.

Description
Our World of personal life and work is set to change dramatically over the next decade as Artificial Intelligence (AI) strikes deeper roots with new products and services; robots take charge of manufacturing and warehouses; and drones reach the remote corners to deliver orders to customers. AI services and robots will particularly facilitate the life of the older people and the visually-impaired. AI has raised the bar of competition in the international market place and countries are busy implementing policies that will keep them ahead in the race of the next-generational change. AI will raise the productivity of the economy and provide a lot more convenience, though there is bound to be a short-term pain in the transformational process.
This book explains the concepts of AI with lots of real-life examples. While the big tech companies like Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Facebook, IBM, Microsoft (3AFIM) of the US and Alibaba, Baidu, JD.com, Tencent (ABJY) of chine are busy re-fashioning their businesses by integrating AI into all products and services they deliver, startups on the other hand are disrupting the traditional business models in finance, e-commerce, healthcare, HR management, fashion, law and even agriculture. AI-driven smart cities would provide a richer quality of living to their residents. This book also provide an insight into various social and ethical issues, such as monopoly of the big tech, ownership of data, personal privacy, job losses and autonomy of technology particularly in military warfare, which poses an existential threat to mankind. Future of AI is also discusses taking a 360-degree approach.
AI offers a huge economic opportunity, but a thoughtful approach for democratization of technology is required to provide benefits to all sections of the society. Nations and communities need to come together to evolve models that will be sustainable in the long run. What Will You Learn
Able to solve real-life AI case studies. Understand the future of AI solutions and adapt quickly to them. Who This Book Is For
It is a simple, explanatory, and descriptive guide for developers, technology consultants, and those interested in AI and wants to understand the fundamentals of AI and implement it practically by devising smart solutions. Table of Contents

• AI, How it is transforming Life and Business
• Understanding AI and Associated Technologies
• AI in the 'bull' run
• Data, the Engine of AI
• Big tech bets big on AI
• AI Startups that transformed Businesses
• AI Startups in Finance
• AI Startups in Healthcare
• AI Startups in Human Resource
• AI Startups in Fashion, Law, Agriculture and Other Areas
• Ethical, Social and Political issues in AI
• Future of AI
• Conclusion
• About the Author
  Prabhat Kumar is an adjunct faculty at IIT Delhi, a practicing lawyer and a corporate consultant. He specializes in artificial intelligence, digital technologies, management and Law. He did his B.Tech, M.Tech (systems and management) and Ph.D. from IIT Delhi. He also did LL.B form Delhi University and LL.M. from Singapore. He attended an MBA program in High Technology Management at a Business School in France.
  He has more than 75 publications in leading newspapers and journals including the Economic Times, Business Standard, The Hindu-Business Line, HTTTech4U and Gift Journal on diverse topics relating to technology, cyber law, intellectual property law, trade and foreign investment etc. He has been a speaker at many conferences in India and abroad.
  

Chapter 1

Artificial Intelligence: How AI is Reshaping Life and Business

Whoever becomes the leader in artificial intelligence will become the ruler of the world.

—Vladimir Putin

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) has arrived. AI is a transformational technology which is powering change throughout the world. Our lives are set to change dramatically over the next decade. The way we work and the way we interact among ourselves will change forever. AI is disrupting everything in our lives and embedded in the new disruptive technology is INTELLIGENCE.

In all likelihood, you have already availed AI-enabled services earlier and you are therefore not in an unfamiliar territory while reading this book. If you have searched for the cheapest airfares between any two destinations on Google, then you have already used services from AI-enabled Google’s flight search engine. If you have used Google Maps or Microsoft’s Bing, then you have used services developed with a large amount of data through machine learning and computer vision. If you are a user of Gmail, then Google Cloud, by using machine learning, has blocked 99.9% of your malicious e-mails. Thus, you are already a part of the global AI-community.

Artificial Intelligence1, with its sub sets of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Pattern Recognition, Natural Language Processing, Virtual and Augmented reality, besides Robotics, coupled with other new technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain Technology and 3D Printing is revolutionizing businesses and societies. AI is run by algorithms2 which can learn, perceive and engage in problem-solving, language processing and logical reasoning. In addition to the speech recognition and natural language applications in processing, generating and understanding, AI is also used for other recognition tasks (pattern, text, audio, image, video, facial recognition etc.), autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostics, gaming, search engines, spam filtering, crime fighting, marketing, remote sensing, transportation, music recognition, classification, and so on.

In the intelligence-led technology revolution, both technology and non-technology businesses are thus impacted in a small or big way, whether in the manufacturing sector or services sectors like e-commerce, finance, insurance, human resources, logistics, tour and travel or the healthcare systems.

AI applications in healthcare are being used in radiology, cancer treatment, drug discovery, hospital administration, ophthalmology and for treatment of diabetes. Machine learning is being used by doctors in Nigeria for early detection of birth asphyxia—the third highest cause of under-5 mortality in Africa. OrCam of Israel has used AI and computer vision to develop a handy wearable device, OrCam MyEye, which can be used by persons with vision or reading difficulties to read text and identify faces and products. AI applications in finance include instant loan grant, recovery of loans and fraud detection. Researchers have even delved into an unlikely area of building construction and have pioneered new techniques for manufacturing thin concrete shapes using algorithms. Computer vision and deep neural networks are being used for monitoring construction at the sites.

The emerging world of AI will see every human activity changing. IntelligentX of UK is trying to achieve AI-brewed beer. Prose from New York wants to use AI in customized hair products. Weedguide, a San Diego based search engine is using AI and machine learning for personalized recommendations for medical and recreational marijuana community. Samsung electronics is planning to develop a multi-device platform, where different AI-enabled devices would seamlessly communicate with one another for a personalized experience. The company has also opened a new AI center at Montreal.

Machine learning-based forecasts may one day help deploy emergency services and inform evacuation plans for areas at risk of an aftershock, like earthquake.

Voice Assistants (VAs) have emerged as important interactive tools for users, who can use them for setting alarms, reminders, listen to songs of their choice, and so on. AI programed VAs like Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa and Microsoft’s Cortana, as well as Zo, Ruuh and Riina are providing an interactive platform to the customers to answer their queries. They may be slowly replacing or working intelligently with human workers at call centers.

AI, in combination with Internt of Things (IoT), is also changing our homes, which are getting smarter with deployment of sensors, thermostats, and floor-heating controllers and other similar devices. Autonomous systems are taking over maintenance of our homes.

Opportunities in the age of AI are abundant. Almost every week now, new applications are being released and transformative new techniques are being applied in discovery of new products and services. Workplaces are getting crowded with AI applications.

AI can do a lot of things better than a human can, not just routine tasks, but also more complex ones, if there is enough opportunity for the AI system to learn them. For example, AI could be helpful in sentiment analysis of psychiatric patients having suicidal tendencies so as to prevent suicides by early detection and follow-up treatment. The number of suicide deaths, particularly in the age-bracket of 15–40 years is quite high. The situation among women in India is very disappointing, with India having 37% of the total global number. Rama Akkiraju, a distinguished engineer and Master Inventor at IBM (Watson) is working on inferring people’s personalities, emotions, and intentions using social media data and machine learning techniques.3 Sentimental analysis is currently being used by e-commerce companies to gather customers’ responses to products offered and by National Health Scheme (NHS) of UK for gathering feedback from users on the quality of services provided.

Businesses are now expected to provide intelligence in all their work, processes and deliverables. The customers expect that the services they receive are based upon intelligence. For example, it is no longer sufficient to send generalized email messages to all for advertising for a new home, insurance or banking services. The AI-led platform enables the industry to provide highly customized service offerings to an individual customer. This is being used in personal finance or e-commerce to target specific customers with specific product recommendations.

Governments also want to exploit opportunities to use AI to improve public services. The Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada, the Nevada Department of Transportation and the Nevada Highway Patrol tied up for a pilot program with Waycare, an Israeli tech startup, to study traffic conditions on Interstate 15 highway, west of the Vegas Strip and could improve highway safety by reduction in crashes by 17%. Waycare used AI and deep learning in collaboration with enforcement agencies and deployed cameras, sensors and used in-vehicle information and traffic data to develop prediction model to reduce congestion on the freeways. Drivers were then instructed to slowdown for safety purposes4.

The Indian government entered into an agreement with Google for flood-forecasting, one of the recurring disasters in India. Google will use AI, machine learning and spatial mapping for effective management of water resources.

There is an immense potential of AI applications to solve a multitude of problems. The journey has just begun, but progress may be coming fast.

AI and Robotics

Robotics works on knowledge from several disciplines including AI and help to free humans of routine work including their daily chores. According to IDC report, worldwide spending on robotics hardware, software, and wider services will reach $230.7 billion by the year 2021.5

Robots are revolutionizing our personal lives and work places. More than fifty different types of home robots have emerged for doing different things at our homes. The US market for home robots is set to quadruple to more than $4 billion by 2025.6 There are home robots helping children to play and learn, teaching kids to learn English, robots that are taking better care of the elderly, robots for cleaning houses, and there are robots for making twenty different varieties of salads. In China, iPal, a babysitter robot speaking in two languages gives math lessons, tells jokes and interacts with the children through a tablet on its chest. Parents can also monitor their children through iPal, which can be linked through a smartphone app.

Robots are being deployed in an unlikely area of delivery of letters and parcels by the postal services, as the Norwegian postal service, Posten-Norge, has done by entering into an agreement with Buddy Mobility, an automation company. Deutsche Post, the German postal service is also using a similar electric delivery robot, called PostBot, which helps relieve the load of the deliverer.

Robots have also become co-workers and in some cases are even replacing humans completely at the manufacturing shop floors, in warehouses and in food delivery. They are handling dangerous jobs where humans fear to tread. Robots will emerge in newer areas to provide convenience. The Italian company Vespa is building Gita, a robo-carrier, with embedded sensors that will roll over with the person walking alongside wearing a white belt, which has a camera attached to it. Gita can carry up to 40 pounds of weight and it can be used by businesses to help transport supplies around construction sites and factories7.

Robots are bringing advantages of convenience, efficiency and cost effectiveness.

Other Technologies of Digital Transformation

Digital transformation of work places is an important agenda of modern corporations. While a decade back, it may have been just a fad, today it has become a necessity for survival of businesses. AI has now created another source of deeper transformation of digitalization. Simultaneously, there are other technologies, like Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain, which are also powering that change process to everything going digital. 3D printing, another technology of the new age is helping in many ways. Houses can be built fast and at much lower cost. 3D printed houses can be constructed for providing shelter in emergency as well as for regular living.

Figure 1.1: Key Technologies (Source: Xorlogics)

Application of AI in tandem with IoT enabled programing and block chain can create a powerful impact in managing healthcare, for example. A diagrammatic representatio...

Indice dei contenuti

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Understanding Artificial Intelligence and Associated Technologies
• 3. AI in the ‘Bull’ Run
• 4. Data - Engine of Artificial Intelligence
• 5. Big Tech bets big on Artificial Intelligence
• 6. AI Startups that Transformed Businesses
• 7. AI Startups in Finance
• 8. AI Startups in Healthcare
• 9. AI Startups in Human Resources
• 10. AI startups in Fashion, Law, Agriculture and Other Areas
• 11. Ethical, Social and Political Issues in AI
• 12. Future of Artificial Intelligence
• 13. Conclusion