Bats and Human Health

Ebola, SARS, Rabies and Beyond

Lisa A. Beltz

• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• Year: 2017
• ISBN:
  9781119150053
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Scienze biologiche
• Subtopic: Microbiologia e biologia molecolare

An important resource that reviews the various infectious diseases that affect bats and bat populations

Bats and Human Health: Ebola, SARS, Rabies and Beyond covers existing literature on viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal infections of bats and how these infections affect bat populations. The book also offers an overview of the potential for zoonotic transmission of infectious diseases from bats to humans or domestic animals. While most prior publications on the subject have dealt only with bat viral infections, this text closely covers a wide range of bat infections, from viral and bacterial infections to protist and fungal infections.

Chapters on viral infections cover rabies, filoviruses, henipaviruses, and other RNA viruses, as well as information on bat virome studies. The book then provides information on bacterial infections–including arthropod-borne and other bacteria that affect bats–before moving on to protist infections, including apicomplexans and kinetoplastids, and fungal infections, including white-nose syndrome, histoplasma capsulatum, and other fungi. Comprehensive in scope, yet another key feature of this book is a searchable database that includes bat species, bat family, bat diet, bat location, type and classification of infecting microbes, and categories of microbes. This vital resource also:

• Provides a history and comprehensive overview of bat-borne diseases
• Incorporates information from the World Health Organization, as well as historical data from the National Libraries of Health and infectious disease journals
• Covers a variety of diseases including viral infections, bacterial infections, protist infections, and fungal infections

Written for microbiologist, bat researchers, and conservationists, Bats and Human Health provides a comprehensive exploration of the various types of microbes that affect bats and their potential to affect human populations.

II
VIRAL INFECTIONS OF BATS

2
RABIES VIRUS AND OTHER BAT RHABDOVIRUSES

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY RHABDOVIRIDAE

Rhabdoviridae species are composed of bullet‐shaped virions containing a helical nucleocapsid encasing ssRNA (−). They have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Many rhabdoviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, fleas, sandflies, lice, and ticks. The Rhabdoviridae family has a number of genera that include Cytorhabdovirus, Ephemerovirus, Lyssavirus, Nucleorhabdovirus, Novirhabdovirus, Perhavirus, Sigmavirus, Tibrovirus, and Vesiculovirus in addition to about 150 unassigned rhabdoviruses (reviewed by Ghedin et al. 2013). Many species of bats are associated with members of the Rhabdoviridae family (Table 2.1).

TABLE 2.1 Rhabdoviruses associated with bats

Bat family	Bat common name	Bat species	Rhabdovirus
Vespertilionidae	Pallid bat	Antrozous pallidus	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Brown fruit‐eating bat	Artibeus concolor	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Jamaican fruit‐eating bat	Artibeus jamaicensis	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Great fruit‐eating bat	Artibeus lituratus	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Western barbastelle	Barastella barastellus	EBLV‐1
Phyllostomidae	Seba’s short‐tailed bat	Carollia perspicillata	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Gray short‐tailed bat	Carollia subrufa	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Free‐tailed bats	Chaerephon sp.	Rhabdovirus
Molossidae	Southern dog‐faced bat	Cynomops planirostris	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Common vampire bat	Desmodus rotundus	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	White‐winged vampire bat	Diaemus youngi	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Hairy‐legged vampire bat	Diphylla ecaudata	Rabies virus
Pteropodidae	Straw‐colored fruit bat	Eidolon helvum	Kumasi rhabdovirus
Pteropodidae	Straw‐colored fruit bat	Eidolon helvum	Lagos bat virus
Pteropodidae	Gambian epauletted fruit bat	Epomophorus gambianus	Lagos bat virus
Pteropodidae	Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat	Epomorphorus wahlbergi	Lagos bat virus
Pteropodidae	Dobson's epauletted bat	Epomops dobsoni	Lagos bat virus
Vespertilionidae	Argentine brown bat	Eptesicus furinalis	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Big brown bat	Eptesicus fuscus	American bat vesiculovirus
Vespertilionidae	Isabell's serotine	Eptesicus isabellinus	E. isabellinus rhabdovirus 1
Vespertilionidae	Isabell's serotine	Eptesicus isabellinus	E. isabellinus rhabdovirus 2
Vespertilionidae	Isabell's serotine	Eptesicus isabellinus	E. isabellinus rhabdovirus 3
Vespertilionidae	Isabell's serotine	Eptesicus isabellinus	E. isabellinus rhabdovirus 4
Vespertilionidae	Isabell's serotine	Eptesicus isabellinus	E. isabellinus rhabdovirus 5
Vespertilionidae	Isabell's serotine	Eptesicus isabellinus	EBLV‐1
Vespertilionidae	Serotine bat	Eptesicus serotinus	EBLV‐1
Molossidae	Black‐bonneted bat	Eumops auripendulus	Rabies virus
Molossidae	Wagner's bonneted bat	Eumops glaucinus	Rabies virus
Molossidae	Patagonian dwarf bonneted bat	Eumops patagonicus	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Pallas’s long‐tongued bat	Glossophaga soricina	Rabies virus
Rhinolophidae	Jone’s roundleaf bat	Hipposideros jonesi	Kolente virus
Rhinolophidae	Striped roundleaf bat	Hipposideros vittatatus	Fikirini rhabdovirus
Rhinolophidae	Striped roundleaf bat	Hipposideros vittatatus	Shimoni virus
Vespertilionidae	Big‐eared brown bat	Histiotus macrotus	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Small big‐eared brown bat	Histiotus montanus	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Savi’s pipistrelle	Hypsugo savii	Hypsugo savii rhabdovirus 1
Vespertilionidae	Savi’s pipistrelle	Hypsugo savii	EBLV‐1
Vespertilionidae	Desert red bat	Lasiurus blossevillii	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Hoary bat	Lasiurus cinereus	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Southern yellow bat	Lasiurus ega	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Northern yellow bat	Lasiurus intermedius	Rabies virus
Vespertilionidae	Seminole bat	Lasiurus seminolus	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Mexican long‐nosed bat	Leptonycteris nivalis	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Lesser long‐nosed bat	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Waterhouse’s leaf‐nosed bat	Macrotus waterhousii	Rabies virus
Phyllostomidae	Little big‐eared bat	Micronycteris megalotis	Rabies virus
Miniopteridae	African long‐fingered bat	Miniopterus africanus	Rhabdovirus
Miniopteridae	Schreiber’s long‐fingered bat	Miniopterus schreibersi	Lleida bat lyssavirus
Miniopteridae	Schreiber’s long‐fingered bat	Miniopterus schre...