eBook - ePub
Intracellular pH and its Measurement
Arnost Kotyk,Jan Slavik
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- 192 pages
- English
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eBook - ePub
Intracellular pH and its Measurement
Arnost Kotyk,Jan Slavik
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About This Book
This volume introduces a summary of all the techniques used to estimate pH reliably. Emphasis is placed on the techniques that provide the most reliable and detailed data. The role of cell pH is explained with special emphasis on enzymology and membrane transport and bioenergetics. This book was written especially for molecular biologists, biochemists and biophysicists.
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Chapter 1
THE CONCEPT OF pH, HYDROLYSIS, AND BUFFERS
ArnoĆĄt Kotyk
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. | Definition of pH |
II. | Ionization of Acids and Bases |
III. | Hydrolysis of Salts |
IV. | Buffering Power |
V. | The Activity Coefficient |
References |
I. DEFINITION OF pH
Some 80 years ago, Sorensen introduced the symbol pH for the negative logarithm of concentration (moles or equivalents per cubic decimeter) of H+ ions.1 The letter âpâ derives either from the Latin pondus (weight or significance) or from potentia (might or potential) and has since been used to denote the negative logarithm of concentration of various other ions; e.g., log cNa+ = âpNa, which is correct or at least consistent. It has also been used for the negative logarithms of various kinetic quantities having dimensions of concentration, such as the dissociation constant Ka, where âlog Ka = pKa, which is certainly incorrect in the original sense of âpâ but is useful in cases where sums or differences, such as pKa â pH, occur in formulae.
In Sörensenâs original version
(1) |
but it is now defined in terms of activities a. Thus (with Îł being the activity coefficient),
(2) |
which, particularly in more concentrated solutions, represents an appreciable difference, as will be seen below.
It should be observed that in rigorous derivations of these equations both c and a (and, hence, Îł) are dimensionless quantities that can be understood as concentrations or activities relative to a unit reference. Their values are thus numerically identical with true concentrations or activities expressed in moles per cubic decimeter.
Water, which is the principal milieu of all subcellular and cellular systems, is an extremely weak electrolyte; but it is still dissociated into ions, accordin...