Value Investing in Growth Companies

How to Spot High Growth Businesses and Generate 40% to 400% Investment Returns

Rusmin Ang, Victor Chng

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2013
• ISBN:
  9781118567982
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Investments & Securities
• Index: Business

How to apply the value investing model to today's high-growth Asian companies

This revised edition of Value Investing in Growth Companies serves as a step-by-step guide that lets investors combine the value investing and growth investing models to find excellent investment opportunities in emerging Asian companies. Though these two investing styles are very different, the authors' proprietary "jigsaw puzzle" model integrates them into a holistic investing approach that will help readers enjoy the kind of extraordinary results that investors like Warren Buffett or Peter Lynch built their fortunes on. This model focuses on four vital criteria that, when combined, pinpoint excellent companies in which to invest. Those criteria are: simple business models, quality management, healthy financial numbers, and accurate valuation. This book shows investors how to find growth companies in Asia that combine these four criteria for nearly surefire profits.

• Offers a sensible and stress-free investing strategy that is ideal for anyone looking for investment opportunities in fast-growing Asian countries
• This revised edition includes new case studies focused specifically on Asian companies and their unique characteristics
• Perfect for investors who want to focus on high-growth, small-cap companies that offer excellent potential returns

Chapter 1

The Making of a Value-Growth Investor

The Common Journey of New Investors

In this era of investing, new investors are born every day. This new generation of investors, typically young adults, are intrigued by the idea of investing and enticed by the ups and downs of the stock market. Such is their interest in investing, so many enter the stock market without knowing much about it, with the hopes of achieving their dreams within the shortest period of time. Lured by the temptation to make quick profits, many young or inexperienced investors rush into the stock market without adequate knowledge.

There are those who, upon hearing how their friends got burned in the stock market, either promise themselves to stay away or caution themselves to learn more about investing before entering into a highly volatile market. After all, prevention is always better than cure. To them, it is senseless to gamble away hard-earned money that can be put to other money-generating uses.

In the world of investments, those who are not knowledgeable or have the wrong perception about investing can be classified as beginners or novice investors. Among these novice investors, we may classify them into two categories of investors: risk-averse investors and risk-taker investors.

Risk-averse investors are conservative investors who constantly look for ways to minimize investment risks as much as possible. By attending courses and seminars and reading books, they hope to acquire investment knowledge before placing their money into the stock market. On the other hand, risk-taker investors are those who lack the knowledge to invest on their own but rely solely on the advice of sources (e.g., hot tips, rumors) to make investment decisions. As they trust professionals or those who appear to have more expertise than they do, this category of investors values the opinion of stock brokers, friends, or even relatives when it comes to investing.

Although risk-averse investors take the necessary precautions to prevent themselves from losing money in the stock market simply by choosing to first acquire investment knowledge, many of them fail to acquire appropriate investment knowledge. More often than not, they end up attending investment courses that promise to earn them a quick profit within a short period of time. On the other hand, risk-taker investors are less patient (short term) and lack the emotional detachment necessary for effective investing. They try to take shortcuts by relying on investment tips and learn from their mistakes only when they incur debt or lose a huge sum of money. To this group of investors, the stock market is just another gambling venue in which to place their bets. As a result, these two categories of investors often end up as short-term traders.

Highly speculative by nature, short-term trading leverages short-term market fluctuations to make a profit within a period of less than a month. In short-term trading, common technical charting tools are based on price are moving averages, Japanese candlestick patterns, Gantt charts, and resistance levels. These tools are used to help traders make decisions on when to buy and sell. Short-term traders know that it is all about being at the right place at the right time in order to make money. In fact, some traders would not hesitate to leverage to get more returns upon hearing a hot tip that a trading pattern is in favor.

Short-Term Trading to Long-Term Investing

While we are happy for this group of traders if such methods work for them, we must acknowledge that a short-term trader takes more risks. And, even if the technique works beautifully, would you want to spend most of your time monitoring fluctuations of a particular stock in order to make a profit? Obviously not! Life is more than just making money in the stock market. We want our source of income to be as passive as possible, so that money flows in continuously, and we can spend the rest of time with our loved ones. Do not let the stock market own you!

Moreover, short-term trading can also be unsuitable for those who do not have adequate time, financial resources, and education—attributes that are often less accessible to individual traders as opposed to big institutional players.

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When it comes to investing, many forget the phrase slow and steady wins the race.

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The media tends to give a lot of attention to how traders make money within a short period of time but often forget to mention how other traders lose money too. Many forget the phrase slow and steady wins the race.

Many investors confess their regrets regarding entering the stock market as short-term investors only after having burned their fingers. Having spoken to many investors, we know of friends who have decided to become long-term investors as a result. They shift their focus from monitoring the price and volume of transactions to comprehending the basic fundamentals of businesses, such as company earnings. Doing so makes the whole investment process easier and more logical.

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The main setback for investors who fail to become successful is spending too much time looking at stock prices.

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It’s not so much which strategy works best for you but the kind of lifestyle you want: freedom and choice to do what you want without having to worry about money. If that’s your goal, then long-term investment will suit you best and take care of your wealth. Sad to say, however, you can’t drive a car by looking at its rearview mirror. Though that’s important, what is ultimately more important is what’s coming on your way. That’s the factor we need to take care and spend most of time looking at. Genius is not required to understand this simple concept. The main setback for investors who fail to become successful is spending too much time looking at historical prices of a stock. As a long-term successful investor, you will need to pay close attention to factors such as whether a core business will still be relevant 10, 20, or 30 years from now, a factor that will affect its future value.

That makes up the majority of content in this book. If applied extensively to growth companies, the ideas presented here might positively widen your investment knowledge and raise the percentage of compounded returns on your current investment portfolio.

While traders pay attention to price and volume, long-term investors look at value. These are value investors and growth investors. No matter what kind of investor they are, everyone starts with zero knowledge in investing. This includes the world’s richest investor, Warren Buffett, as well as successful investors in Asia, like Peter Lim, Li Ka Shing, Teng Ngiek Lian, Tan Teng Boo, and Cheah Cheng Hye, who receive tremendous returns on their investments because they look at factors that could affect the future value of companies. Now let us briefly discuss these two categories.

Growth Investors

Fast-growing companies and industries are where growth investors channel their investment focus. They are bullish about a company’s future because of promising products, services, or industries. They believe that its value will increase over time as earnings increase, which will eventually catch up with the current trading price. For that reason, growth investors are willing to pay a premium price (e.g., higher price-to-earnings [PE] ratio) in anticipation that a company will deliver higher earnings growth moving forward.

One of the core objectives is to find the key growth driver(s) in a company. Fundamentally, growth investors believe the main growth driver of a stock’s share price is earnings growth. It could be derived from management’s vision or the promise of an industry that a business is in, which would drive up earnings per share in the future. For instance, in 2010, the management of listed firm Q&M Dental Group announced its intention to increase its number of clinics from 40 to 60 in Singapore and to add 50 new clinics in China by 2015. As a result of the company’s vision, many investors came forward and pushed its price above its normal trading price to a PE ratio of more than 50! It goes to show that growth investors look to invest in companies with quality management teams that deliver sales growth, stable margins, and higher earnings growth, demonstrated in a three- to five-year track record.

Visit five companies in an industry, ask intelligent questions about the points of strength and weaknesses of the other four competitors, and nine times out of ten, a surprisingly detailed and accurate picture of all five will emerge.

—Philip Fisher

There are other techniques that growth investors use to assess the key growth drivers of a company, and one such technique is commonly known as scuttle butting. This approach to investing was pioneered by Philip Fisher in his book Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits. In it, he wrote, “Visit five companies in an industry, ask them intelligent questions about the points of strength and weaknesses of the other four competitors, and nine times out of ten, a surprisingly detailed and accurate picture of all five will emerge.” Fisher also suggests that useful information can be obtained from vendors, customers, research scientists, and executives of trade associations. Fisher’s strategy is commonly known as the qualitative approach (focusing on the quality side of a stock, as opposed to quantitative side, which deals with numbers). In other words, before buying a stock, Fisher will evaluate product and service quality, management ability, future possibilities for growth, and the power of competitors that might bring the company down. These are key assessments when deciding whether a company is a good-quality growth company.

It is very rewarding for the growth investor if the future growth of the company continues to rise. But there is a catch. Downside risks also tend to be higher for growth investors, as they tend to purchase stocks without a sufficient margin of safety. They often overpay because so many investors are eager to invest in a high potential growth company (although the growth may not be realized yet), and growth investors have high expectations that these stocks will outperform the market. They expect a company’s growth revenue, earnings, and prices to go up, especially those companies in a hot industry or have glamour stocks that are growing at more than 50 percent annually. However, when these hot stocks miss their earnings prediction, investment returns are greatly affected. This is called a growth trap.

The growth investing approach is also known as a qualitative approach. It means looking at a business and its management alone, without much consideration for quantitative factors like valuation. Since future prospects are not reflected in financial statements, paying a premium price is still considered rational.

Value Investors

Value investors seek to buy companies that are trading at bargain prices. In other words, they look for a stock that is trading at a bargain price of $0.50, for example, when its business value is $1. They look for companies with low debt and h...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Contents
• Title
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: The Making of a Value-Growth Investor
• Chapter 2: The Secrets of Successful Value-Growth Investors
• Chapter 3: The Jigsaw Puzzle—Four Pieces to Value-Growth Investing
• Chapter 4: Business—The First Piece of the Puzzle
• Chapter 5: Management—The Second Piece of the Puzzle
• Chapter 6: Numbers—The Third Piece of the Puzzle
• Chapter 7: Valuation—The Fourth Piece of the Puzzle
• Chapter 8: Screening—Buy—Monitor—Sell
• Chapter 9: Portfolio Management for Growth Companies
• Chapter 10: Avoid Common Mistakes
• Chapter 11: Case Studies and Conclusion
• Bibliography
• About the Authors
• Index