Banishing Burnout

Six Strategies for Improving Your Relationship with Work

Michael P. Leiter, Christina Maslach

• Publisher: Jossey-Bass
• Year: 2011
• ISBN:
  9781118046685
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Personal Development
• Subtopic: Careers

In this book Michael P. Leiter and Christina Maslach, the leading experts on job burnout prevention and authors of the landmark book The Truth About Burnout, outline their revolutionary new programfor helping everyone in the workplace overcomeeveryday stress and pressuresand achieve their career goals. Banishing Burnout includes the authors' unique and highly effective Work Life self-assessment test and a customized plan for action that will help transform the individual's relationship with work and overcome job burnout. The authors outline their proven action plan, which shows how to establish core values, set a personal direction, engage other people, initiate a realistic plan of action, make an impact, and achieve career goals. The book is filled with illustrative case examples from a wide variety of organizations, including corporations, health care institutions, universities, and nonprofit organizations. Each case demonstrates how the use of the Work Life self-survey and the individualized action plan can result in dramatic changes inthe daily workplace experience and advance career development.

Chapter One

Your Job and You

Problems at work can hit you hard.

• It hurts so bad.

• I’ve been done wrong.

• This is not the way it is supposed to be.

• It’s driving me crazy.

• I’m mad as hell and won’t take it anymore.

• Stop the world, I want to get off.

Sound Familiar?

When you are in a relationship with someone important to you, and things seem to be going from bad to worse, you are likely to experience these thoughts and feelings. “Why isn’t this relationship working out? Is it something about me? Or is it the other person’s fault? And what can I do to make things right?” The answers to these questions are not always easy to figure out, so trying to cope with a rocky relationship can be frustrating and exhausting.

But suppose it is your job that is giving you the blues, rather than a certain someone. Does your relationship with work have any parallels with your relationships with people? As it turns out, the answer is yes. Your relationship with your job is a major part of your life. Indeed you may spend more time with it than you do with friends or family. It demands a lot from you, but it gives you things in return. Your sense of identity and self-esteem may be completely wrapped up in what you do with this job. When a relationship is this important, you want it to be the best that it can be. And maybe you even hope it will be the perfect match, and you will live happily ever after. But the reality is that an important relationship requires a lot of care and feeding—time, effort, commitment, and a dedication to stick with it, both in good times and bad—and that is just as true of your work relationship as your personal relationships.

There are two key players in any relationship: you and the other. In the case of a work relationship, it is you and It (rather than him or her). But even more critical is the connection between these two players. When there is a good fit or match between you and It, then you will be engaged with your work. You will be happy, energetic, confident, and ready to commit to a productive long-term relationship. But when there is a poor fit and a major mismatch between you and It, then you will be experiencing burnout. You will be unhappy, exhausted, cynical, and ready to quit and leave It for another job.

Got Burnout?

When burnout hits you, then you’ve got trouble with a capital T. Burnout is far more than feeling blue or having a bad day. It is a chronic state of being out of synch with your job, and that can be a significant crisis in your life.

• Burnout is lost energy. You are constantly overwhelmed, stressed, and exhausted. A good night’s sleep is hard to come by, and even then you’re soon worn out again. You may try to escape and get away for a while, but when you return, the relationship with It is still as bad as ever. It is very demanding, sometimes unreasonably so, and asks for far more than you are able to give.

• Burnout is lost enthusiasm. Your original passion has faded and been replaced by a negative cynicism. Everything about the job rubs you the wrong way: clients are a burden, bosses a threat, and colleagues a chore. The special qualities you brought to the relationship—your expertise, your creative ideas, your sensitivity—have lost their zest and seem to have gone stale. Rather than going the extra mile and doing your very best for It, you just put in the bare minimum.

• Burnout is lost confidence. Without energy and active involvement in your work, it’s hard to find a reason to keep going. The less effective you feel, the more you will have nagging doubts about your self-worth. When the relationship with It brings you down on yourself, it can be difficult to imagine a way to get out of these doldrums.

Sound bad? You bet. And if you are reading this book, you may already know the personal hurt of burnout all too well. But the impact of your relationship with It has further ripple effects. Your physical health and mental well-being are likely to deteriorate, and you will be more likely to get sick or depressed. The quality of your job performance will decline, and you will become less effective in working with others. The negative vibes of your relationship with It will spill over into your relationships with family and friends and make your entire world a little less bright.

You Are Not Alone

This is not just your problem. You are far from the only one who is feeling this way. In fact, you have lots of company. Burnout is the biggest occupational hazard of the twenty-first century. It’s a phenomenon that has been increasing everywhere, creeping into every corner of the modern workplace, growing like a virus, poisoning the increasingly alienated, disillusioned, even angry relationship people today have with the world of work.

• Job stress is estimated to cost the U.S. economy $300 billion in sick time, long-term disability, and excessive job turnover.

• A study by the Harvard School of Public Health concluded that stressful jobs were as bad for women’s health as were smoking and obesity. They identified excessive demand, insufficient decision-making control, and poor personal relationships at work as the major sources of stress.

• Disengaged and unhappy employees cost the British economy almost £46 billion a year in low productivity and lost working days.

• Long-term disability claims based on stress, burnout, and depression are the fastest-growing category of claims in North America and Europe.

These daunting numbers reflect the financial impact but miss the personal impact: people lose the joy and fulfillment that comes from this critical relationship. All of their hopes and dreams for a wonderful life get thwarted or denied. Rather than getting the most out of life, they feel stifled and shortchanged.

So why are so many of us having so much trouble in our relationship with It? The answer lies in the larger context in which that relationship takes place—the take-it-or-leave-it workplace environment of today. As the twentieth century drew to a close, there were already clear signs of a social, political, and economic context in which burnout was becoming an increasingly intense problem. We’ve made it to the next millennium, but it’s difficult to find any examples of improvement.

What’s Going On in the World of Work?

The working environment has lost its human dimensions. The following are just a few developments that have an impact on employees’ relationships with their work:

1. The corporate world has become more immense and more separated from the concerns of ordinary people than ever before. Mergers and acquisitions flatten corporate cultures into a denominator with which it’s difficult to feel common ground. A thriving, independent business becomes a minor operation within a bigger “strategy” or process over which no one seems to have control. A few people sitting at the top and lurking in financial markets manage to skim incredible wealth from corporations, but the midlevel person, like you perhaps, isn’t getting any richer. And worse than that, you’re probably feeling unappreciated, underpaid, and exploited by new demands. You’re expected to do more and do it faster. You may have lost some benefits, and many around you have lost their jobs entirely. The public sector doesn’t hold up much better. Governments merge public sector organizations into larger conglomerates that are increasingly separated from an identifiable community. The control of huge but inadequate budgets consumes more management attention than providing services. Detailed regulations from remote entities determine much of how you spend your workdays. It’s not a friendly world out there.

2. Corporations continue to pump up their worth on paper for the short-term gains of a limited few. Strategically placed individuals have amassed incredible wealth by cashing in on the value produced by generations of dedicated managers and workers. Governments, rather than controlling the trend, are following suit. At each level of government, there appears to be a frantic rush to amass debt that will burden generations to come.

3. The outsourcing of services and the exporting of jobs to developing nations continue to disrupt the work world of postindustrialized nations. The difficulties don’t stop with the loss of employment in the regions that have lost the work. Communicating with employees in other parts of the world means that work has to get done at times outside the normal nine-to-five schedule, thereby expanding the workday into the work night and the work weekend, and making “24-7” a burden as well as a convenience. Exported jobs are a mixed blessing even for the receiving country. For example, in Guangdong, China, the standard of living of millions of people has deteriorated as their average monthly wage of $50 to $70 has lost its buying power to inflation. At the same time, we’re all painfully familiar with how the sustained industrial expansion in China over the past decade is managing to reduce prospects for North American workers who are losing the jobs.

4. It is becoming increasingly evident that some major players in the North American and European economies are capitalizing on the extra-low wages and benefits paid to immigrants of dubious if not completely illegal employment status. These people provide many of the benefits of exported jobs while saving the trouble of exporting them. A few years ago, evidence that someone had employed an illegal alien as an underpaid nanny was the stuff of political scandal. Now, in the corporate sector, it’s the way business is done.

5. Information technology continues to produce an array of nifty, entertaining devices of increasing complexity, power, and versatility. In and of themselves, they have the capacity to increase one’s effectiveness for dealing with complex problems and to provide excellent, responsive services to one’s clientele. But they are intrusive. And over time, their intrusiveness has gotten worse. Cell phones, a required part of life for many occupations, have the capacity to invade our private time and disrupt sleep patterns, upsetting recovery cycles. Furthermore it’s getting increasingly difficult to find public areas free of salespeople checking in on prospects or folks just chatting. The convenience of e-mail is undone by the hassles of spam, viruses, and worms. There is an unending list of passwords to remember. And the pervasive and accessible Internet has become a place to waste lots of time through games, diversions, shopping, and exploring information of trivial importance. Although attractive in many ways, computer-based entertainment involves sitting at a screen in a way that is so much like the work setting of many employees that it can hardly function as an effective means of recovery from job demands.

6. Centralization of power in large organizations continues to pull power away from frontline workers. Centralized policies permit a tighter rein on services at the cost of responsiveness. This approach is also evident in governments in North America and Europe, where legislated policies reduce the discretion of government employees to use their judgment to address challenges encountered in their work. Although these policies provide legislators greater confidence that their intentions will be fulfilled, they undermine the independence of people in a wide variety of occupations, including health care and education.

7. Poor corporate citizenship continues to be reflected in excessive executive compensation. And it emerges in other forms as well. The Enron scandal was the most spectacular example of corporate leadership taking a predatory approach to its dealings with its clients, its stockholders, and its employees. Multinational corporations have become the target of serious political opposition around the world. Some accounting firms have been happy to help these corporations cover their trail. Even though there is a stark contrast between the rampant greed of executives and the inequity that employees have experienced in the form of destroyed pensions, the government has been either unable or unwilling to prosecute the perpetrators of the debacle.

8. Adding unease to work life is the impact of terrorism in North America. The events of September 11, 2001, were an attack on people at work, a large majority in civilian jobs. Going to work became riskier. White powder in an envelope could evacuate a building. Opening parcels could be a bit scary. Orange alerts with vague references to unknown threats, reading like a horoscope on a really bad day, crank up the background anxiety level another notch or two.

9. The security response across the United States and Canada has amplified the impact of the initial attacks. The time, inconvenience, and often the absurdity of airport security checks increase the stress of traveling, as major airlines on the brink of bankruptcy slash the quality of their service. As a demanding, intrusive work demand, business travel is consuming more energy and patience than ever before.

10. The financial requirements of increased security have had a broad impact on public service organizations. As government funds have been shifted to homeland security, international policing, peacekeeping, and wars, then hospitals, schools, and social agencies have been increasingly downsized, while demands for their services continue to grow.

11. News media have figured out that terror gets people’s attention, raising their ratings more than other stories. In the increasingly ferocious competition for eyeballs on screens, news programming has become a litany of threats, fears, and actual daily disasters. Terrorists are portrayed as having a vast and complex arsenal of chemical and biological agents to supplement their storehouses of guns, munitions, and black-market thermonuclear devices. And of course there’s no lack of horrible images of actual atrocities—huge conflagrations, burning cars and buildings, mutilated bodies, the blood of wounded men, women, and children—all in living color.

12. And there’s even more to get you down! From all parts of the globe come new waves of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and deadly viruses, such as SARS. As more people take powerful drugs to solve one problem or another, deadly side effects emerge. Nutrition researchers keep identifying the insidious consequences of eating the food we love the most. Violent crimes and gang warfare are becoming a regular fact of life in many metropolitan areas, and the police have difficulty in bringing them under control. And the list goes on. You can spend hours in front of the television, learning about a treacherous landscape of multifaceted threats to you and all you hold dear.

Given this challenging new world we live in, it is no wonder that our relationship with work is under increasing strain. Everyone is trying to deal with these constantly shifting social, economic, and even ethical issues. But it is at times like these, when things are tough, that it is especially important to have a good solid relationship on the job between you and It. You may hope and pray that It will take the lead in fixing things and making everything all right. And in some rare instances that does happen, as some organizations try to enhance the quality of work life. Unfortunately, other organizations will try to exploit the situation, without concern for the impact on you and other people. But it’s most likely that your workplace is just muddling along, doing the best it can under demanding circumstances.

What this all means is that you can’t count on It to improve your relationship, so you are going to have to figure o...

Table of contents

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter One - Your Job and You
• Chapter Two - What Is My Relationship with Work?
• Chapter Three - Making a Plan of Action
• Chapter Four - Solving Workload Problems
• Chapter Five - Solving Control Problems
• Chapter Six - Solving Reward Problems
• Chapter Seven - Solving Community Problems
• Chapter Eight - Solving Fairness Problems
• Chapter Nine - Solving Values Problems
• Chapter Ten - Changing Your Relationship
• Checking Up
• Web Site Information
• About the Authors
• Index