Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Robert D. Zucker, Oscar Biblarz

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9781119481690
• Edition: 3
• Topic: Technologie et ingénierie
• Subtopic: Génie mécanique

New edition of the popular textbook, comprehensively updated throughout and now includes a new dedicated website for gas dynamic calculations

The thoroughly revised and updated third edition of Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics maintains the focus on gas flows below hypersonic. This targeted approach provides a cohesive and rigorous examination of most practical engineering problems in this gas dynamics flow regime. The conventional one-dimensional flow approach together with the role of temperature-entropy diagrams are highlighted throughout.

The authors—noted experts in the field—include a modern computational aid, illustrative charts and tables, and myriad examples of varying degrees of difficulty to aid in the understanding of the material presented. The updated edition of Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics includes new sections on the shock tube, the aerospike nozzle, and the gas dynamic laser. The book contains all equations, tables, and charts necessary to work the problems and exercises in each chapter. This book's accessible but rigorous style:

• Offers a comprehensively updated edition that includes new problems and examples
• Covers fundamentals of gas flows targeting those below hypersonic
• Presents the one-dimensional flow approach and highlights the role of temperature-entropy diagrams
• Contains new sections that examine the shock tube, the aerospike nozzle, the gas dynamic laser, and an expanded coverage of rocket propulsion
• Explores applications of gas dynamics to aircraft and rocket engines
• Includes behavioral objectives, summaries, and check tests to aid with learning

Written for students in mechanical and aerospace engineering and professionals and researchers in the field, the third edition of Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics has been updated to include recent developments in the field and retains all its learning aids.

The calculator for gas dynamics calculations is available at www.oscarbiblarz.com/gascalculator

Chapter 1
Definitions and Fundamental Principles

1.1 INTRODUCTION

It is assumed that before entering the world of gas dynamics you have had a reasonable background in mathematics (through calculus) together with a course in elementary thermodynamics. An exposure to basic fluid mechanics would be helpful but is not absolutely essential. The concepts used in fluid mechanics are relatively straightforward and can be developed as we need them. On the other hand, some of the concepts of thermodynamics are more abstract, and we must assume that you already understand the fundamental laws of thermodynamics as they apply to stationary systems. The extension of these laws to flow systems is so vital that we cover these systems in depth in Chapters 2 and 3.

This chapter is not intended to be a formal review of the courses noted above; rather, it should be viewed as a collection of the basic concepts and facts that will be used later. It should be understood that a great deal of background is omitted in this review and no attempt is made to prove each statement. Thus, if you have been away from this material for any length of time, you may find it necessary occasionally to refer to your notes or other textbooks to supplement this review. At the very least, the remainder of this chapter may be considered an assumed common ground of knowledge from which we shall venture forth.

At the end of this chapter a number of questions are presented for you to answer. No attempt should be made to continue further until you feel that you can answer a majority of these questions satisfactorily.

1.2 UNITS AND NOTATION

• Dimension: a qualitative definition of a physical entity (such as time, length, force)
• Unit: the appropriate magnitude of a dimension (such as seconds, feet, newtons)

In the United States much work in the area of thermo‐gas dynamics (particularly in propulsion) continues to be done in the English Engineering (EE) system of units. However, most of the world is operating in the metric or International System (SI) of units. Thus, we shall use and review both systems, beginning with Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Systems of Units

Dimension	Basic Unit Used
	English Engineering (EE)^a	International System (SI)
Time	second (sec)	second (s)
Length	foot (ft)	meter (m)
Force	pound force (lbf)	newton (N)
Mass	pound mass (lbm)	kilogram (kg)
Temperature	Fahrenheit (°F)	Celsius (°C)
Absolute Temperature	Rankine (°R)	kelvin (K)

^a Caution: Never say pound, as this is ambiguous. It is either a pound force or a pound mass. Only for mass at the Earth's surfa...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Preface to Third Edition
• Preface to Second Edition
• To the Student
• About the Companion Website
• Chapter 1: Definitions and Fundamental Principles
• Chapter 2: Control Volume Analysis—Part I
• Chapter 3: Control Volume Analysis—Part II
• Chapter 4: Introduction to Compressible Flow
• Chapter 5: Varying‐Area Adiabatic Flow
• Chapter 6: Standing Normal Shocks
• Chapter 7: Moving and Oblique Shocks
• Chapter 8: Prandtl–Meyer Flow
• Chapter 9: Fanno Flow
• Chapter 10: Rayleigh Flow
• Chapter 11: Real Gas Effects
• Chapter 12: Propulsion Systems
• Appendix A: Summary of the English Engineering (EE) System of Units
• Appendix B: Summary of the International System (SI) of Units
• Appendix C: Friction‐Factor Chart
• Appendix D: Oblique‐Shock Charts (γ = 1.4) (Two‐Dimensional)
• Appendix E: Conical‐Shock Charts (γ = 1.4) (Three‐Dimensional)
• Appendix F: Generalized Compressibility Factor Chart
• Appendix G: Isentropic Flow Parameters (γ = 1.4) (Including Prandtl–Meyer Function)
• Appendix H: Normal‐Shock Parameters (γ = 1.4)
• Appendix I: Fanno Flow Parameters (γ = 1.4)
• Appendix J: Rayleigh Flow Parameters (γ = 1.4)
• Appendix K: Properties of Air at Low Pressure
• Appendix L: Specific Heats of Air at Low Pressures
• Selected References
• Answers to Problems
• Index
• End User License Agreement