Foraging Theory

David W. Stephens, John R. Krebs

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780691084428, 9780691084411
• eBook ISBN: 9780691206790
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Evolution
• Index: Biological Sciences

This account of the current state of foraging theory is also a valuable description of the use of optimality theory in behavioral ecology in general. Organizing and introducing the main research themes in economic analyses of animal feeding behavior, the authors analyze the empirical evidence bearing on foraging models and answer criticisms of optimality modeling. They explain the rationale for applying optimality models to the strategies and mechanics of foraging and present the basic "average-rate maximizing" models and their extensions.


The work discusses new directions in foraging research: incorporating incomplete information and risk-sensitive behavior in foraging models; analyzing trade-offs, such as nutrient requirements and the threat of being eaten while foraging; formulating dynamic models; and building constrained optimization models that assume that foragers can use only simple "rules of thumb." As an analysis of these and earlier research developments and as a contribution to debates about the role of theory in evolutionary biology. Foraging Theory will appeal to a wide range of readers, from students to research professionals, in behavioral ecology, population and community ecology, animal behavior, and animal psychology, and especially to those planning empirical tests of foraging models.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Foraging Economics: The Logic of Formal Modeling
• 2 Average-Rate Maximizing: The Prey and Patch Models
• 3 Average-Rate Maximizing Again: Changed Constraints
• 4 Incomplete Information
• 5 The Economics of Choice: Trade-offs and Herbivory
• 6 Risk-Sensitive Foraging
• 7 Dynamic Optimization: The Logic of Multi-Stage Decision Making
• 8 More on Constraints: Rules of Thumb and Satisficing
• 9 Testing Foraging Models
• 10 Optimization Models in Behavioral Ecology: The Spandrel Meets Its Arch-Rival
• References and Index of Citations
• Subject Index