Periodontal Review Q&A

A Study Guide

Deborah A. Termeie

• Publisher: Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc
• Year: 2019
• eBook ISBN: 9780867158748
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Dentistry

This comprehensive review manual provides all the information a prospective candidate needs to prepare for the American Board of Periodontology Qualifying Examination. Set in a question/answer format, the text provides complete yet succinct, evidence-based responses to questions with references to pertinent research. When appropriate, answers are provided as lists, tables, and with graphic design elements to aid in memorization and recall. The final chapter provides sample case presentations with questions to allow the reader to prepare for the protocol portion of the exam and offers helpful advice such as when a well-supported response based on sound rationale, rather than a specific answer, is required. A highly recommended resource for all those seeking certification or recertification from the American Board of Periodontology.

Evidence-Based Dentistry

Background

Q: What is the evidence-based approach?

Evidence-based dentistry is the merging of clinically pertinent scientific evidence to the patient’s oral and medical condition and history. The dentist uses the evidence to make sound decisions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Q: What is the PICO question?

The PICO question is a question that includes a population to be examined, the nature of the intervention to be inspected, a comparison statement, and the type of outcome to be evaluated. It should be problem-focused and concise.

Example: In patients with periodontitis (population), what is the effect of osseous surgery (intervention) compared with controls (comparison) on clinical and patient-centered outcomes (outcome)?

Q: What is the step-by-step process for making an evidence-based decision in a dental practice?

The steps involved in evidence-based decision making in a dental practice are shown in Fig 1-1.

Fig 1-1 Evidence-based decision making. (Based on data in Chiappelli et al.¹)

Studies

Q: What are the different study types (ranked from highest level of evidence to lowest)?

The different types of studies are shown, ranked in order of highest to lowest level of evidence, in Fig 1-2.

Fig 1-2 Different studies ranked from highest level of evidence to lowest. (Based on Chiappelli et al.²)

Q: Describe the difference between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study.

A cross-sectional study is done at one time point, whereas a longitudinal study ranges over a period of time, allowing temporal relationships to be investigated.

Q: What is the P value?

The P value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. The smaller the P value, the less likely the effect was due to chance.

Q: What is the difference between internal and external validity?

The difference between internal and external validity is shown in Fig 1-3.

Fig 1-3 Internal and external validity.

References

1. Chiappelli F, Brant XMC, Oluwadara OO, Neagos N, Ramchandani MH. Introduction: Research synthesis in evidence-based clinical decision-making. In: Chiappelli F, Brant XMC, Neagos N, Oluwadara OO, Ramchandani MH (eds). Evidence-Based Practice: Toward Optimizing Clinical Outcomes. London: Springer, 2010:5.

2. Nocini PF, Verlato G, De Santis D, et al. Strengths and limitations of the evidence-based movement aimed to improve clinical outcomes in dentistry and oral surgery. In: Chiappelli F, Brant XMC, Neagos N, Oluwadara OO, Ramchandani MH (eds). Evidence-Based Practice: Toward Optimizing Clinical Outcomes. London: Springer, 2010:151.

Periodontal Anatomy

Anatomy

Q: Identify the anatomical structures of the periodontium shown below.

Fig 2-1a Illustration of the periodontium. (Reprinted from Fan and Berry¹ with permission.)

The answers are shown on the next page in Fig 2-1b.

Fig 2-1b Labeled anatomy of the periodontium. (Reprinted from Fan and Berry¹ with permission.)

Q: Where does the vascular supply of the periodontium originate?

The external carotid artery and its main branches, which include the lingual, facial, and maxillary arteries, are the vascular supply for the periodontium. Locally, the blood supply comes from the supraperiosteal vessels and vessels from the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone.²

Q: What is the main innervation for the periodontium?

The trigeminal nerve and its branches provide the main innervation for the periodontium.

Definitions

Q: What is attached gingiva?

The attached gingiva is the area from th...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• 1. Evidence-Based Dentistry
• 2. Periodontal Anatomy
• 3. Furcations
• 4. Epidemiology and Etiology
• 5. Pharmacology
• 6. Diagnosis
• 7. Prognosis
• 8. Occlusion
• 9. Nonsurgical Therapy
• 10. Surgical Therapy
• 11. Mucogingival Therapy
• 12. Regeneration
• 13. Implants
• 14. Inflammation
• 15. Oral Medicine
• 16. Oral Pathology
• 17. Lasers
• 18. Medical Emergencies
• 19. Treatment Planning