Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging

Mario P. Iturralde

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2018
• ISBN:
  9781351088275
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Law
• Subtopic: Forensic Science
• Index: Law

This impressive dictionary/handbook presents the nomenclature characteristic of nuclear medicine, explaining the meaning and current usage of a large variety of terms. It is designed as a ready-to-use and simple guide, arranged in alphabetical order with additional basic information assembled in the appendices. The single volume offers a look into the multidisciplinary world of this specialty. The field of nuclear medicine has emerged as an integrated medical discipline. It is an example of the convergence of many scientific disciplines with those of medicine emphasizing the use of radionuclides in research, diagnosis and therapy. The dictionary/handbook will be of importance to individuals in nuclear medicine and the following fields: physics, instrumentation, techniques, computers, radiopharmacology and radiopharmacy, radioimmunoassay, radiobiology and radiation protection, quality control, math and statistics, nuclear science and technology, radiology, ultrasound, and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Dictionary

Fundamentals of English Medical Etymology

English, the Lingua Franca of Medicine

There was a time when no civilized person would have thought of writing about medicine in any language other than Latin, which was the Esperanto of the educated world, and its last traces probably disappeared when those responsible for the membership examination of the Royal College of Physicians of London some decades back decided to omit questions on Latin and Greek from the papers.

During the 40 years since World War II there has been a gradual takeover of medical communication by the English language. However, some familiarity with Greek and Latin, which contribute so largely to English medical terminology must obviously simplify the task of learning a basic vocabulary and understanding new words as they are encountered.

Even today, at least 50% of the modern general English vocabulary is of Greek or Latin origin, and it is a conservative guess that as much as 75% of the scientific component is of such origin (most of it in the form of anatomical nomenclature, as original Latin and not derivative). Greek words have come into English through Latin, in which they have undergone some change, or through a second intermediary language, such as French, with still further change.

Latin, in fact, borrowed heavily from Greek over the centuries. The Latin alphabet as we use it is derived with slight modifications from the Greek alphabet, which is almost completely phonetic. The most constant change, however, in the transition of Greek and Latin words to English is the loss of termination which produces the combining form.

In general, most words derived from Greek or Latin consist of a root or base which is modified by a prefix or a suffix, or both. The root is often abbreviated when the prefix or suffix is added. A prefix, commonly a preposition or adverb, consists of one or two syllables placed before a word to modify the meaning of it. A suffix, which constitutes the third element in the formation of compounds, is a syllable or syllables added to the end of a word or root in order to modify its meaning.

Analytical and Etymological Word List of Greek and Latin Combined forms, Prefixes and Suffixes

REFERENCES

• Borland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 26th Edition, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1981.
• Illustrated Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, 24th Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1962.
• International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.

Common Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots

British and American Spellings

This dictionary uses the American spelling in preference to the British, in the cases where the two differ. The main differences are ae and oe, both of which have been retained in British spelling but contracted to e in American spelling. Other differences include the British -our for -or, ph for f and the word endings -tre for ter, or re for er and ise for ize.

The following are a few examples of British — American spellings:

Terms Used to Describe Anatomical Positions and Planes

Terms of directional anatomical position come in pairs. Thus we have:

The human body can be divided along imaginary flat fields or planes to identify the position of parts of the body. These are

Plural Endings for Medical Terms

In the English language, most plural endings are formed by simply adding s or es to the singular word. Besides these, in the language of medicine there are still other plural endings. These are examples of some of the most common plural endings for medical terms.

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Symbols, Denotations, and Signs Commonly Used or Defined in the Dictionary

Abbreviations and Acronyms

COMMON BASIC SIGNS

Other Useful Information

PHONETIC ALPHABET

GREEK ALPHABET

EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN NOTATIONS FOR LARGE NUMBERS

Bibliography

Books

• Amersham Nuclear Medicine Catalogue. Amersham International, Plc., Amersham. 1986.
• Basic and Clinical Immunology. 3rd Edition. H. Hugh Fundenberg, Daniel P. Sites, Joseph L. Cladwell, J. Vivian Wells. Lange Medical Publications. Los Altos, California. 1980.
• Basic Clinical Ultrasound. Hylton B. Meire, Pat Farrant. Bir Teaching Series.
• Basic Medical Statistics. Anita K. Bahn. Grune and Stratton, New York. 1972.
• Basics of Radiopharmacy. Buck A. Rhodes and Barbara Y. Croft. The C. V. Mosby Company, Saint Louis. 1978.
• Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements. 2nd Edition. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, and Erich A. Pfeiffer. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 1980.
• Computer-Assisted Medical Decision Making. Homer R. Warner. Academic Press, New York. 1979.
• Computers and The General Practitioner. Alastair Malcolm and John Poyser. Pergamon Press, New York. 1982.
• Computers in Radiology. George B. Greenfield and Lincoln B. Hubbard. Churchill Livingstone, New York. 1984.
• Computers in the Practice of Medicine. Vol 1. Introduction to Computing Concepts. H. Dominic Covvey and Neil Harding McAlister. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Menlo Park, CA. 1980.
• CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 67th Edition (Definitions. Robert C. Weast, Editor-in-Chief. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1986–1987.
• CRC Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs. K. L. Miller, and W. A. Weidner, Editors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1986.
• CRC Handbook Series in Clinical Laboratory Science. Section A: Nuclear Medicine, Volume II. David Selingson, Editor-in-Chief, Richard P. Spencer, Section Editor. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1982.
• CRC Handbook of Medical Physics. Vol III. Robert G. Waggener, James G. Kereiakes and Robert J. Shalek. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
• Diagnostic Ultrasound. Text and Cases. Dennis A. Sarti and W. Frederick Sample. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. The Hague. 1980.
• Dictionary of Medical Equipment. Malcolm Brown, Paul Hammond, and Tony Johnson. Chapman and Hall. London. 1986.
• Dictionary of Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine (in four languages). Compiled by Rald Sube. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1986.
• Fundamentals of Immunology. 2nd Edition. Quentin N. Myrvik and Russell S. Weiser. Lae and Febiger, Philadelphia. 1984.
• Fundamentals of Nuclear Medicine. Naomi P. Alazraki and Fred S. Mishkin. The Society of Nuclear Medicine, New York. 1984.
• Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy. 2nd Edition. Copal B. Saha. Springer-Verlag, New York. 1984.
• Glossary of Atomic Terms. Public Relations Branch, Atomic Energy Authority United Kingdom. London. 1974.
• Glossary of NMR Terms. Leon Axel, Alexander R. Margulis, Thomas F. Meaney American College of Radiology, Chicago, IL, 1983.
• Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Medicine and Technology. American Nuclear Society Standard Subcommittee on Nuclear Terminology and Units. La Grange Park, IL, 1976.
• Golden’s Diagnostic Radiology. Section 17: Tomography: Physical Principles and Clinical Applications. J. T. Littleton, M. L. Durizch, E. H. Crosby, and J. C. Geary. The Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
• Health Physics Handbook. General Dynamics. Fort Worth, Texas. 1963.
• Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry. Frank Herbert Attix. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1986.
• MR Imaging Compendium. W. Koops. Philips Medical Systems. W. Koops, Rotterdam. 1986.
• NEMA Standards for Performance Measurements of Scintillation Cameras. The NEMA Standards Publication No. NU 1-1980, Washington, D. C. 1980.
• Newnes Concise Encyclopaedia of Nuclear Energy. D. E. Barnes, R. Batchelor, A. G. Maddock, J. A. Smedley, and Denis Taylor. George Newnes, London. 1962.
• NMR Data Handbook for Biomedical Applications. Paula T. Beal, Sharad R. Amtey, and Sitapati R. Kasturi. Pergamon Press, New York. 1984.
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR Imaging. C. Leon Parrain, A. Everette James, F. David Rollo, and Ronald R. Price. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 1983.
• Nuclear Medicine Technology and Techniques. Donal R. Bernier, James K. Langan, and L. David Wells. The C. V. Mosby Company. St. Louis. 1981.
• Physics in Medicine and Biology Encyclopedia. T. F. McAinsh. Pergamon Press, New York. 1986.
• Physics in Nuclear Medicine. 2nd Edition. James A. Sorenson, Michael E. Phelps. Grune and Stratton. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, 1987.
• Practical Abdominal Ultrasound. Constantine Metreweli. William Heinemann Medical Books, London. 1978.
• Principles and Practice of Nuclear Medicine. Paul J. Early, D. Bruce Sodee. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis. 1985.
• Principles of Radioisotope Methodology. Grafton D. Chase, Joseph L. Rabinowitz. Burgess Publishing, Minneapolis, MN 1963.
• Positron Emission Tomography. Martin Reivich and Abass Alavi, Editors. Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York. 1985.
• Quality Assurance in Nuclear Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva. 1982.
• Quality Assurance of Radiopharmaceuticals. M. Frier and S. R. Hesslewood, Editors. Special Issue of Nuclear Medicine Communications. The British Nuclear Medicine Society. Chapman and Hall, London. 1980.
• Radiation Protection. Carl B. Braestrup, and Harold O. Wyckoff, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. 1958.
• Radiation Protection. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 3. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1960.
• Radiological Health Handbook. Division of Radiological Health. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Bureau of State Services. Washington. 1960.
• Scientific Table. 7th Edition. K. Diem and C. Leintner. Ciba-Geigy, Basle, Switzerland. 1970.
• Siemens. Computer Terms and Definitions. Siemens Gassasonics, B. V. Uithoorn, The Netherlands. 1986.
• South African Bureau of Standards. South African Standard Code of Practice for the Industrial Use of Ionising Radiation. SABS 0203. Part 1. Pretoria. 1985.
• The Radiochemical Manual. 2nd Edition. The Radiochemical Centre, Amersham. 1966.
• Ultrasound. Environmental Health Criteria 22. World Health Organization, Geneva. 1982.

Periodicals

• American Journal of Cardiology
• American Journal of Physiologic Imaging
• British Journal of Radiology
• European Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• International Journal of Cancer
• Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
• Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• Journal of Ultrasound and Medical Biology
• Nuclear Medicine Communications
• Radiology
• Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

Recognition of Copyrights

Recognition is granted with appreciation for reprinting, with permission, definitions of the following words previously published (with amendments introduced by the author) in:

T. F. McAinsh, Ed., Physics in Medicine and Biology Encyclopedia (1986), Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.

Biophysics, Biostatistics. Cardiac output, Cyclotrons, Cyclotron principle, Ficks principle, Impedance plethysmography, Indicator dilution method, Moving detector devices, Neutron activation analysis in vivo, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Positron emission tomography. Pulse-echo imaging, Quality assurance of instrumentation. (Nuclear medicine), Quench corrections, Radionuclide generators, Radiosensitizers, Semiconductor detectors, Time-of-flight detection. Two-dimensional scanning.

Malcolm Brown, Paul Hammand and Tony Johnson, Eds., Dictionary of Medical Equipment (1986), Chapman and Hall, London.

Absorber, Applicator, A-scanner, Atomic absorption spectrometer, Atomizer, Auto-gamma counter, B-scanner, Cathode ray tube, Centrifuge, Chart recorder, Cineangiography, Cobalt-60 treatment unit, Collimator, Compound ultrasonic scanner, C-scanner, Coulter counter, Electrode, Faraday cage, Grey scale display, Heat camera, Image Intensifier, Ionization chamber, Ionizing radiat...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Dictionary
• Data Handbook
• Index to Handbook