Advances and Trends in Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics II

Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific and Professional Conference on Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics (GCG 2019), September 10 - 13, 2019, Demänovská Dolina, Low Tatras, Slovakia

So?a Mol?íková, Viera Hur?íková, Peter Blišt'an

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781000074567
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

This volume contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Scientific and Professional Conference Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics 2019 (GCG 2019). The conference provided a forum for prominent scientists, researchers and professionals from Slovakia, Poland and the Czech Republic to present novel and fundamental advances in the fields of geodesy, cartography and geoinformatics. Conference participants had the opportunity to exchange and share their experiences, research and results solved within scientific research projects with other colleagues. The conference was focused on a wide spectrum of actual topics and subjects areas in Surveying and mine surveying, Geodetic control and geodynamics and Cartography and Geoinformatics collected in this proceedings volume.

The Book Series "Advances and Trends in Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics" is, in line with its long tradition, devoted to the publication of proceedings of peer-reviewed international conferences focusing on presenting technological and scientific advances in modern geodesy, geoinformatics, cartography, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geography, and related sciences. It plays an extremely important role in accelerating the development of all these disciplines, stimulating advanced education and training through the wide dissemination of new scientific knowledge and trends in Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics to a broad group of scientists and specialists.

Surveying and mine surveying

Comparison of different measurement methods of crane runway

J. Braun, H. Fladrova & K. Prager

Department of Special Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper is to introduce the surveying and evaluating the historic crane runway in the Karany water treatment plant. The crane runway was built in 1911 and is operated to the present without any major modifications. The aim of the geodetic survey was the control of the directional and vertical straightness of rails and the rail gauge. Accuracy analyzes and deviations evaluation were performed in accordance with technical standard CSN 73 5130. The runway was measured by two different methods. The first method was measurement in the local geodetic network with three standpoints. Automatic targeting to prisms was used, and the least squares adjustment was performed. The second method of measurement was laser scanning by multistation Leica MS60 from 14 standpoints and then evaluation of the point cloud and determination the parameters of the crane runway. Comparable results were obtained from both methods.

1 INTRODUCTION

The crane runway is a transport facility in an industrial plant and is used to move bulky and heavy loads. The crane moves on rails, which can be on the ground, pillars or suspended on consoles. The correct geometric position of rails is an essential element in safety, functionality and economy of operation. Geodetic methods monitor the straightness of individual rails, rail gauge and rail elevation. Regular checks should be carried out to avoid damage and accidents (Filipiak-Kowszyk & Kaminski 2016, Vašková et al. 2017). Errors in rail gauge cause excessive lateral force on the crane and height errors between the rails would result to uneven distribution of weight (Shortis & Ganci 1995). There are technical standards for determining geometric parameters that prescribe the maximum possible deviation from the ideal state. In the Czech system, these are the ČSN 73 5130 (1994) and ČSN ISO 12488-1 (2012) standards, which are linked to the international system of technical standards.

The rail is the main object of measurement according to technical standards. At the prescribed points, the position relative to the geometric center of the rail and the height to the top of the rail are determined. Points on the rail suitable for measurement varies according to the type and construction of the crane runway itself. Furthermore, the position of the bumper is determined, and in special cases the position of the crane itself. Measurements should be taken when the crane is stopped in one extreme position so that the measurement is not affected by its load.

Standard measurement procedures have long been established and sufficient. With the development of technology, there are new procedures that can be applied mainly in special cases when the crane runway is difficult to access. Methods for measuring geometry parameters of rail can also be selected according to size of crane runway and accuracy requirements.

The simplest and oldest method is the line of sight in combination with leveling. This method is particularly suitable for short and easily accessible crane runway (Pospíšil 2016). Another historical method of measurement is the semi-polar method. In this method, angular measurements are used on all points and length measurements are used only on some points. The lengths needed to determine the lateral deviations are calculated using trigonometric solutions. The method has been widely used before the advent of accurate distance meters in the total station.

Currently, the most widely is used spatial polar method. The precise total stations allow to determine all the elements at once. Most of today’s total stations are equipped with a distance meter with a precision of a few millimeters. To maintain the accuracy given by the technical standards, it is necessary to stabilize the standpoint so that a length error is projected into the rail gauges as little as possible. If the standpoint is stabilized between the rails so as to form an approximately isosceles triangle with the measured gauges, then the direction determination error is projected to a greater extent than the length error. The direction error is of the order of magnitude less than the length error (Štroner et al. 2010).

For larger crane runways and high-accuracy requirements runways, the method of spatial geodetic network is used, which is usually measured from multiple standpoints simultaneously to individual points. Additional methods are photogrammetry and laser scanning (Blistan & Kovanic 2014). From point clouds can be analyzed the overall course of rails. It is also possible to focus on parts that are not measured by classical methods (Křemen et al. 2008, Kregar et al. 2017, Kovanic et al. 2019). The development of technology is aimed at automated measurement and dynamic tracking of crane runway using special moving constructions that perform continuous measurement (Kyrinovič & Kopáčik 2010, Dennig et al. 2017).

This paper focuses on the crane runway in the Karany water treatment plant (near Prague), which was built in 1911 and is still operated without major repairs. The aim of this work was to check the geometrical parameters of the runway and test the possibilities of the multi-station Leica MS60. The data were measured as part of the diploma thesis (Prager 2019). The crane runway is difficult to access and therefore the less common geodetic network method was chosen and laser scanning was the alternative method.

2 CRANE RUNWAY

The crane was manufactured in 1911 and is used to manipulate the pump during the fault and further to move heavy and large objects. It is a unique riveted construction that still suits current operation. Output to crane and crane runway is secured by ladder with protective cage. There are no revision bridges around the crane runway to allow safe access to the rail.

The crane runway has a length of 74.3 m and is fitted with a 60 x 40 mm rail, which lies on an iron beam of the “I” profile. Rails are located 8 m above the engine room floor and the designed rail gauge is 23.810 m. Each rail is supported by 15 columns. The columns are 5 m apart.

Figure 1. Crane runway in Karany water treatment.

3 GEODETIC NETWORK

3.1 Accuracy analysis

Determining the geometric parameters of crane runway by measuring in geodetic network is not a new procedure (Shortis & Ganci 1995, Štroner et al. 2010). However, accuracy analyzes are often neglected. Measurement of the network can be done in various ways, and not always satisfactory results are obtained which meet the high accuracy requirements.

Accuracy parameters given by the technical standard were the initial requirement for precision of measuring and configuration...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Committees of GCG 2019
• Surveying and mine surveying
• Geodetic control and geodynamics
• Cartography, geoinformatics and real estate
• Author Index
• Series Advances and Trends in Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics