Management of Insect Pests in Vegetable Crops

Concepts and Approaches

Ramanuj Vishwakarma, Ranjeet Kumar

• Publisher: Apple Academic Press
• Year: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781000596717
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Science General
• Index: Biological Sciences

This new book on the sustainable management of insect pests in important vegetables offers valuable management strategies in detail. It focuses on eco-friendly technology and approaches to mitigating the damage caused by insect pests with special reference to newer insecticides. Chapters in the volume provide an introduction to vegetable entomology and go on to present a plethora of research on sustainable eco-friendly pest management strategies for root vegetables, spice crops, tuber crops, and more.

Vegetable crops that are infested by several insect pests from the nursery to the harvesting stage cause enormous crop losses. Given that it is estimated that up to 40 percent of global crops are lost to agricultural pests each year, new research on effective management strategies is vital. The valuable information provided in this book will be very helpful for faculty and advanced-level students, scientists and researchers, policymakers, and others involved in pest management for vegetable crops.

CHAPTER 1

ECO-FRIENDLY PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF ROOT VEGETABLE CROPS

KALMESH MANAGANVI^1*, RAMANUJ VISHWAKARMA¹, and JABA JAGDISH²

¹Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur 813210, Bihar, India

²International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patncheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Root vegetable crops are second only in importance to cereals as a global source of carbohydrates. They provide many minerals and essential vitamins, although a proportion of the minerals and vitamins may be lost during processing. When it comes to replacing grains in your diet with root vegetables, there are many benefits. Root vegetables are truly natural, unadulterated sources of complex carbohydrates, antioxidants and important nutrients and they cause less digestive or inflammatory issues than many grains do. The quality and quantity of the protein in starchy staples are variable and relatively low on a fresh weight basis. Root vegetables have been a staple in many counties diets for thousands of years. In fact, records show that certain root veggies like sweet potatoes were an important ingredient in folk medicine over thousands of years ago, and they’ve supported undernourished populations around the world ever since. Today, there exists strong evidence that some of the vital nutrients found in many root vegetables including vitamin C, vitamin A, magnesium potassium and dietary fibre can help fight cancer, diabetes, obesity and inflammatory based disorders like heart disease and arthritis.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Root vegetables have been a staple in many counties’ diets for thousands of years. In fact, records show that certain root veggies like sweet potatoes were an important ingredient in folk medicine over thousands of years ago, and they have supported undernourished populations around the world ever since. Today, there exists strong evidence that some of the vital nutrients found in many root vegetables including vitamin C, vitamin A, magnesium, potassium, and dietary fiber can help fight cancer, diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory-based disorders like heart disease and arthritis.

Root vegetable crops are second only in importance to cereals as a global source of carbohydrates. These provide many minerals and essential vitamins, although a proportion of the minerals and vitamins may be lost during processing. When it comes to replacing grains in your diet with root vegetables, there are many benefits. Root vegetables are truly natural, unadulterated sources of complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, and important nutrients and they cause less digestive or inflammatory issues than many grains do. The quality and quantity of the protein in starchy staples are variable and relatively low on a fresh weight basis.

1.2 PESTS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ROOT VEGETABLES

Common name	Scientific name	Family	Order
1. Potato
Tuber moth	Phthorimaea operculella	Gelechiidae	Lepidoptera
Colorado potato beetle	Leptinotarsa decemlineata	Chrysomelidae	Coleoptera
Green peach aphid, potato aphid	Myzus persicae Macrosiphum euphorbiae	Aphididae	Hemiptera
Cutworm	Agrotis ipsilon	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Hadda beetle	Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)	Coccinellidae	Coleoptera
2. Carrot
Aster leafhopper	Macrosteles quadrilineatus	Cicadellidae	Hemiptera
Flea beetle	Systena blanda	Chrysomelidae	Coleoptera
Willow carrot aphid	Cavariella aegopodii	Aphididae	Hemiptera
Green peach aphid	Myzus persicae
Carrot Weevil	Listronotus oregonensis	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Carrot rust fly	Psila rosae	Psilidae	Diptera
Cutworm	Agrotis spp.	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
3. Radish
Diamondback moth	Plutella xylostella	Yponomeutidae	Lepidoptera
Aphids	Myzus persicae	Aphididae	Hemiptera
Root maggots	Delia radicum	Anthomyiidae	Diptera
Black cutworm	Agrotis ipsilon	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Granulate cutworm	Feltia subterranea
4. Yam
Scale insect	Aspidiella hartii	Diaspididae	Hemiptera
San Jose scale	Quadraspidiotus perniciosus	Diaspididae	Hemiptera
Mealy bugs	Geococcus coffeae, Planococcus citri, Phenococcus gossypii	Pseudococcidae	Hemiptera
Vine borers	Apomecyna saltator	Cerambycidae	Coleoptera
Wood boring beetle	Clytocera chinospila	Cerambycidae	Coleoptera
Leaf eating beetles	Galerucida bicolor, Lema lacorelairei, Crioceris impressa	Galerucidae	Coleoptera
Yam tuber beetle	Heteroligus meles, H. appius	Dynastidae	Coleoptera
White grub	Leucopholis coneophora	Scarabaeidae	Coleoptera
Coffee bean weevil	Araecerus fasciculatus, A. laevigatus	Anthribidae	Coleoptera
Termite	Odontotermes escherichi	Termitidae	Isoptera
Tussock caterpillar	Dasychira mendosa	Lymantriidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf feeder	Ansioarthra coerulea	Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera
Yam nematode	Hoplolaimus spp., Scutellonema Bradys	Hoplolaimidae	Secernentea
Root-knot nematode	Meloidogyne spp.	Heteroderidae	Secernentea
5. Sweet potato
Sweet potato weevil	Cylas formicarius	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
West Indian sweet potato weevil	Euscepes postfasciatus	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Sweet potato stem borer	Omphisia anastomasalis	Pyralidae	Lepidoptera
Sweet potato butterfly	Acraea acerata	Nympalidae	Lepidoptera
Tortoiseshell beetle	Aspidomorpha spp	Chrysomelidae	Coleoptera
Sweet potato hornworm	Agrius convolvuli	Spingidae	Lepidoptera
Armyworms	Spodoptera eridania S. exigua, S. litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
6. Cassava
Scale insect	Aonidomytilus albus	Diaspididae	Hemiptera
Cassava green spider mite	Mononychellus tanajoa	Tetranychidae	Acari
Cassava mealy bug	Phenacoccus manihoti	Pseudococcidae	Hemiptera
Cassava lace bug	Vatiga illudens	Tingidae	Hemiptera
Cassava whitefly	Bemisia tabaci, Aleurodicus disperses	Hemiptera	Aleurodidae
7. Sugar beet
Sugar beet root Aphid	Pemphigus populivenae	Aphididae	Hemiptera
Beet webworm	Spoladea recurvalis	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Beet leafhopper	Circulifer tenellus	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
8. Elephant foot yam
Mealy bug	Rhizoecus amorphophalli, Pseudococcus longispinus, P. citriculus	Pseudococcidae	Hemiptera
Aphids	Lipaphis erysimi, Aphis gossypii	Aphididae	Hemiptera
Red cotton bug	Dysdercus cingulatus	Pyrrhocoridae	Hemiptera
Leaf eating beetle	Galerucida bicolor	Gallerucidae	Coleoptera
Leaf eating	Pericallia ricini	Arctiidae	Lepidoptera
caterpillars	Spodoptera littoralis	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
	Theretra gnoma	Sphingidae	Lepidoptera

The economically important pests that cause severe damages in the field are being discussed here as follows:

1.2.1 POTATO TUBER MOTH (PTM): PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA (GELECHIIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)

Distribution: Cosmopolitan in distribution, especially in warm temperate and tropical regions where host plants are grown. Native of South America and was introduced to India in 1906 with seed potatoes imported from Italy. During recent years, the species has been inadvertently introduced into Georgia (Markosyan, 1992) and Ukraine and there is a threat of its spreading to neighboring states (Sikura and Shendaraskaya, 1983). It has also been newly recorded from the Arabian Peninsula (Povolny, 1991; Kroschel and Koch, 1994) and more widely in East Africa (Parker and Hunt, 1989).

Hosts: Potato is the principal host for P. operculella but has also been reported from other Solanaceae crops viz. tomato, tobacco, chili, aubergine, sugar beet, and cape gooseberry. It may also bore ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Innovations in Horticultural Science
• Books in the Series
• About the Editors
• Table of Contents
• Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Acknowledgment
• Preface
• 1. Eco-Friendly Pest Management Strategies of Root Vegetable Crops
• 2. Insect Pests of Ginger and Turmeric and Their Management
• 3. Insect Pests of Cumin and Their Management
• 4. Insect Pests of Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Crops
• 5. Phytophagous Mites of Vegetable Crops and Their Management
• 6. Mite Problems in Spice Crops and Their Management
• 7. Pesticide Residue in Vegetables
• 8. Insect Pests of Tomato and Their Management
• 9. Insects of Tuber Crops and Their Management
• 10. Problems of Snails and Slugs in Vegetable Crops and Their Management
• Index