Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology
Clinical and Forensic
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology
Clinical and Forensic
About This Book
Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology is an integrated introduction to the analysis of drugs, poisons, and other foreign compounds in biological and related specimens. Assuming only basic knowledge of analytical chemistry, this invaluable guide helps trainee analytical toxicologists understand the principles and practical skills involved in detecting, identifying, and measuring a broad range of compounds in various biological samples. Clear, easy-to-read chapters provide detailed information on topics including sample collection and preparation, spectrophotometric and luminescence techniques, liquid and gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry including hyphenated techniques.
This new edition contains thoroughly revised content that reflects contemporary practices and advances in analytical methods. Expanding the scope of the 1995 World Health Organization (WHO) basic analytical toxicology manual, the text includes coverage of separation science, essential pharmacokinetics, xenobiotic absorption, distribution and metabolism, clinical toxicological and substance misuse testing, therapeutic drug monitoring, trace elements and toxic metals analysis, and importantly the clinical interpretation of analytical results.
Written by a prominent team of experienced practitioners, this volume:
- Focuses on analytical, statistical, and pharmacokinetic principles
- Describes basic methodology, including colour tests and immunoassay and enzyme-based assays
- Outlines laboratory operations, such as method validation, quality assessment, staff training, and laboratory accreditation
- Follows IUPAC nomenclature for chemical names and recommended International Non-proprietary Name (rINN) for drugs and pesticides
- Includes discussion of 'designer drugs' (novel pharmaceutical substances NPS)
Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology: Clinical and Forensic, 2 nd Edition is an indispensable resource for advanced students and trainee analytical toxicologists across disciplines, such as clinical science, analytical chemistry, forensic science, pathology, applied biology, food safety, and pharmaceutical and pesticide development.
Frequently asked questions
Section D
Analytical Toxicology
17
Toxicology Testing at the Point of Contact
17.1 Introduction
Type of Monitoring | Analyte | Test sample |
Emergency department, trauma clinic | Blood gases, carbon monoxide, ethanol, paracetamol, salicylates, substance misuse, snake envenomation | Blood, urine, oral fluid, breath |
Therapeutic monitoring | Lithium, theophylline | Blood, plasma |
Roadside testing | Cannabis, cocaine, ethanol | Breath, oral fluid |
Workplace testing | ||
| Substance misuse | Urine, oral fluid |
| Ethanol, substance misuse | Breath, oral fluid, sweat |
Detention centres | Substance misuse | Urine, oral fluid, sweat |
Drug treatment clinics | Buprenorphine, ethanol, methadone, substance misuse | Urine, oral fluid, sweat |
Self-management | Warfarin | Blood |
17.2 Use of point of contact testing
Box 17.1 Questions when deciding to implement point of contact testing
- What are the reasons for testing?
- – Emergency department testing/drug treatment clinic
- – Law enforcement
- – Post-incident
- – Random or scheduled workplace testing/pre-employment screening
- Why are immediate results required?
- – Initiate early treatment/alter treatment
- – Effect an arrest
- – Suspend from work
- What is the window of detection to be?
- – May influence choice of fluid to be sampled
- – Currently under the influence
- – Detect a regular substance misuser
- Which drugs should be detected?
- – Ethanol
- – Misused drugs
- Where are the tests to be done?
- – Clinic
- – Roadside
- – Workplace
- What tests are available?
- – Are the kits suitable for the task/venue?
- – Will the operators be able to use the system correctly?
- – Is storage/shelf-life a consideration?
- Will it be cost effective?
- – Avoid need to transport samples to the laboratory for analysis
- – Avoid need for employee to visit the test laboratory
- – Reduce the number of samples to be assayed by the laboratory – only test putative positives
- – Cost of kits/numbers of samples
Table of contents
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- Preface
- Health and Safety
- Nomenclature, Symbols, and Conventions
- Uniform Resource Locators
- Amount Concentration and Mass Concentration
- Acknowledgements
- List of Abbreviations
- Section A: The Basics
- Section B: Separation Science
- Section C: Essential Pharmacokinetics
- Section D: Analytical Toxicology
- Index
- End User License Agreement