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500 Common Korean Idioms
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About This Book
500 Common Korean Idioms is a useful learner's tool that presents the 500 most commonly used Korean idioms in a clear and easy-to-follow manner.
Structured with practicality in mind, the book presents:
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- idioms with their literal and natural translations;
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- usage notes describing the meaning, typical use, and any related cultural topic;
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- several example sentences providing context and showing appropriate use of each idiom;
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- important vocabulary and expressions highlighted in each chapter for review;
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- an MP3 file for each idiom (online).
Suitable for intermediate to advanced learners of Korean, 500 Common Korean Idioms provides a step-by-step approach to gaining greater fluency through a grasp of the most common idioms in the language.
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500 common Korean idioms
ใฑ
1. ๊ฐ๋์ด ์ฃ
Poverty is the cause of trouble; poverty is the mother of crime.
[lit.] Poverty is sin.
<Proverb> This proverb refers to a situation in which poverty leads a person to crime or trouble or in which someone is unable to attain what he or she desires due to poverty. ๊ฐ๋์ด ์์ (โPoverty is the enemyโ) may also be used.
- 1. ๋์ด ์์ด ๋ณ์ ๊ณ ์น ์ ์์ด์. ๊ฐ๋์ด ์ฃ๋ค์.I canโt treat the illness because I donโt have money. Poverty is the cause of trouble.
- 2. ๊ฑฐ์ก์ ํ์ธํ ์ฌ๋ฒ์ด์๋ณด๋ค ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ ์์์ ์ํด ๋นต ๋ช ๊ฐ ํ์น ์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ์์ ๋ ์ค๋์ฐ๋ค๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฐ๋์ด ์ฃ์ธ๊ฐ์?They say that a father who stole a few pieces of bread for his hungry children will serve a longer term in prison than the head of a large corporation who evaded a huge sum of taxes. Is poverty the cause of trouble?
- ๊ฐ๋: poverty
- ์ฃ: sin
- ๋ณ์ ๊ณ ์น๋ค: to cure illness
- ๊ฑฐ์ก: a large amount of money
- ํ์ธํ๋ค: to evade tax
- ์ฌ๋ฒ์ด์: head of a conglomerate
- ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ๋ค: be hungry
- ๊ฐ์ฅ: prison
2. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ ์ด ์ฅ๋
an unexpected coincidence; bad timing
[lit.] The day when (I) go is the market day.
This phrase refers to encountering something unexpectedly. In the early days in Korea, the town market opened every five days. When people visited town for business and it happened to be the market day, they were fortunate enough to be able to not only take care of their business but also visit the market. However, this phrase is often used negatively. Imagine that you make a long trip to visit a museum, only to find out that the museum is under temporary lockdown due to an unexpected incident. You might say ๊ฐ๋ ๋ ์ด ์ฅ๋ ์ด์์ด์ (โThe day I went was the market dayโ).
- 1. ์ค๋ ์ ์ฃผ๋๋ก ํด๊ฐ ๋ ๋๋๋ฐ์. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ ์ด ์ฅ๋ ์ด๋ผ๋๋ ์ด์ ๊น์ง ๊ด์ฐฎ๋ ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ค๋ ๋น๊ฐ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ค์.I am going on vacation to Jeju Island today. But while it was sunny all week, it is rainy today. Itโs an unfortunate coincidence.
- 2. ์ค๋ ์น๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐฑํ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ์๋๋ผ๊ตฌ์. ๋งค์ ์ฒซ์งธ ์ฃผ ์์์ผ์ด ์ฌ๋ ๋ ์ด๋๋ผ๊ตฌ์. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ ์ด ์ฅ๋ ์ด์๋ค์.I went to the mall today with my friend, but it was closed. Apparently they are closed every first Monday of the month. It was just bad timing.
- ์ ์ฃผ๋: Jeju Island
- ํด๊ฐ: vacation
- ๋ ๋๋ค: to leave
- ํด๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ๋๋ค: to go on a vacation
- ์ฅ๋ : market day
- ๋งค์: every month
- ์ฒซ์งธ ์ฃผ: the first week
- ์ฌ๋ ๋ : an off day
3. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณ ์์ผ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณฑ๋ค
What goes around comes around.
[lit.] When the outgoing words are beautiful, the incoming words are beautiful.
<Proverb> This proverb means that if you say nice words you will get nice words in return.
- 1. ๊ฐ: ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ด?Why are you losing your temper?๋: ๋๊ฐ ๋จผ์ ์๋ฆฌ ์ง๋ ์์. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณ ์์ผ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณฑ์ง.You raised your voice first. You should speak nicely if you expect me to speak nicely in return.
- 2. ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋จผ์ ์ ํํ ์์ ํ๊ธธ๋ ์ ๋ ์์ ํ์ด์. ๊ฐ๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณ ์์ผ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ณ ์ด ๋ฒ์ด์์์.That man swore at me first, so I swore back at him. What goes around comes around, you know.
- ํ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ค: to get angry
- ๋จผ์ : first, ahead
- ์๋ฆฌ(๋ฅผ) ์ง๋ฅด๋ค: to yell
- ๊ณฑ๋ค: be beautiful
- ~์/์ด์ผ: only if ~, only when ~
- ์(์) ํ๋ค: to swear
- ~๊ธธ๋: because ~
- ~ใด ๋ฒ์ด๋ค: It is natureโs law that ~, It is usually the case that ~
4. ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ ์ก๋ค
to set oneโs course/direction
[lit.] to grab a strand
This expression means that a person comes to understand the situation based on logic or reason and sets his or her course or direction accordingly. Its passive form is ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ด ์กํ๋ค (โOneโs course/direction is setโ).
- 1. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ํผํด์์ ์ฌ๋ง์ด ์์ด์ด ์๋ ์ด์ธ์ฌ๊ฑด์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ ์ก์์ต๋๋ค.The police set the direction of their investigation of the victimโs death toward murder and not suicide.
- 2. ์ ๋ถ๋ ์ ๊ณตํญ ๊ฑด์ค์ ๋ฐฑ์งํํ๋ ์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ ์ก์์ต๋๋ค.The government decided to abandon the construction of a new airport.
- ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ: the police
- ํผํด์: victim
- ์ฌ๋ง: death
- ์์ด: suicide
- ์ด์ธ์ฌ๊ฑด: a murder case
- ๊ฐ๋ฅ: a strand
- ์ก๋ค: to grab, catch
- ๊ฑด์ค: construction
- ๋ฐฑ์งํํ๋ค: to nullify
5. ๊ฐ๋งํ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ค๊ฐ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ง
You shouldโve kept silent; you shouldโve done nothing.
[lit.] If you stay still/silent, you can go as far as the middle.
<Informal> Imagine your teacher or your boss asks you a question. If you give a very ignorant answer, you may end up wishing you had given no answer at all. In this idiom, ์ค๊ฐ (โthe middleโ) refers to an average person. ๊ฐ๋งํ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ค๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ค is equivalent to the Danish proverb โFools are like other folks as long as they are silent.โ Use this idiom only with close friends and someone of equal or lower status.
- 1. ๊ฐ: ์ผ, ๋ด๊ฐ ์์ด ํต์ญ ์์ํด์ ๋์ฐ๋ค๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด ๋ชปํด์ ์ ๋ง ์ชฝํ๋ ธ์ด.I volunteered as a Korean-English interpreter, but I didnโt do very well. I was so embarrassed.๋: ๊ทธ๋ฌ๊ฒ ์ ์ธ๋ฐ์์ด ๋์? ๊ฐ๋งํ ์์ผ๋ฉด์ค๊ฐ์ด๋๊ฐ์ง....
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- List of entries
- 500 common Korean idioms
- Appendix: idioms by theme