Part I
Bachelor of Social Work Graduates
1 Bonnieās Boys
Bonnie Tsosie had to admit that the powwow outing had gone better than she could have ever imagined. Dozens of men in bright grass-dance regalia quickly paced around the field in perfect sync to the thunderous pulse of tribal drums that would make any rock concert seem derivative. The sunset cast a golden glow across the field, creating long shadows that amplified the dramatic expression of the dancers.
āCan we please stay a little longer?ā Bruce pleaded, dropping to his knees dramatically, āItās not over yet! I want to stay until the end!ā
āIām sorry, but we really need to get back to our unit by 8 PM and I think the rest of the group is ready to go,ā Bonnie responded, āand you really need to get back so you can take your nighttime meds and get to bed.ā
āThis is boring,ā one of the other boys interjected.
āShut up! Donāt you ruin this!ā Bruce took several steps towards the boy, fists clenched. Here we go, Bonnie thought as she stepped between Bruce and the rest of the group from Childrenās Hope Residential Treatment (CHRT). Maybe this was a bad idea after all. Bruce is like a walking time-bomb. I never know what will set him off.
Bonnie Tsosie
Bonnie had regularly attended powwows since she was a young girl. āIām half Indian, half hillbilly!ā she would joke to anyone who asked about her heritage. Although powwows played a central role in her cultural development, they had a side benefit of giving her a reprieve from problems at home. She had been exposed to years of domestic violence as a child, first with her biological father and later with a step-father. Bonnie frequently ran away to her grandmotherās home in the Winnebago Reservation to escape the abuse, but her mother would eventually come and bring her back to Omaha.
At the age of 15, Bonnie began to keep a gun under her pillow to keep her stepdad away from her at night. Her grades dropped in school, she joined a gang, and she was often expelled for fighting other students. After being held back to repeat her sophomore year, it seemed likely that Bonnie would drop out of high school.
āJunior ROTC saved my life,ā Bonnie would often say. She joined at the urging of a school counselor in her junior year. The JROTC sergeant took an interest in making sure that Bonnie stayed on track.
āGet your ass up! Youāre too smart to miss school!ā he would yell as he banged on her front door when she overslept. Bonnie found comfort in the structure and consistency of JROTC and she soon began to seek out other programs like it by joining Color Guard and the rifle team, and dreaming of joining the Marines.
It took Bonnie an extra year to finish high school and nearly three years to earn her Associates degree at Metropolitan Community College (MCC) in Omaha. By the time she earned her Associates degree, Bonnie had two children and mostly put her dreams of joining the Marines on hold.
āYou need to get your Bachelor of Science in Social Work (BSSW) from the University of Nebraska at Omaha,ā her advisor at MCC insisted. At the time Bonnie had been working at a crisis center for youth and had realized that she really enjoyed working with teenagers. As her advisor described the opportunities a BSSW would afford her in that field, she decided to go for it and became one of the first people from her family to earn a college degree.
Starting Work at Childrenās Hope Residential Treatment (CHRT)
Bonnie was hired as a Mental Health Technician (MHT) at CHRT within weeks of graduating with her BSSW. As an MHT, she enjoyed leading rehab groups and working on life skills with the residents. Bonnie felt a special connection to many of her clients as she would learn of their traumatic childhoods. I know they can escape the cycle, because Iām living proof that itās possible! By far, MHTs spent more time with the residents than any of the other professionals at CHRT.
Although Bonnie felt a strong sense of empathy for her clients, she was disciplined in maintaining strict boundaries. Orientation for new staff at CHRT featured hilariously outdated training videos from the 70s on the importance of professional boundaries in residential treatment facilities. Although the training videos provided fodder for inside jokes among CHRT staff, Bonnie was increasingly aware of the importance of clear boundaries with her clients the longer she worked at CHRT. She had witnessed the subtle way in which small boundary issues grew into major controversies within the agency. In fact, Bonnie guessed that boundary violations represented a very large percentage of employee terminations at CHRT.
Boundaries were especially problematic when CHRT hired MHTs who were only a few years older than many of the residents in the program. One afternoon Bonnie noticed a resident tapping Cristal, a newly hired MHT, on her foot under a table. She immediately pulled Cristal aside and confronted her, āWhatās going on out here?ā
āOh nothinā, just colorinā pages with the residents,ā Cristal replied.
āDid you not feel him tappinā your foot?ā Bonnie asked as her gaze intensified.
āUm, yeah, well I told him to quit,ā Cristal replied nervously.
āRight, well nobody else knows you told him to quit. You need to start removing yourself from that situation. That type of boundary violation wonāt do you any favors in this agency.ā
Bonnieās natural leadership skills cemented her reputation as an invaluable member of the CHRT staff. In fact, the administrative staff often treated Bonnie more like a supervisor than an MHT, even to the point that she was often included in weekly administrative staff meetings. Bonnie was never afraid to speak her mind, and this was a source of both strength and tension in the administrative group. She was often confronted for being ātoo abrasive and sassy.ā
Clinical Director Dennis Kodak would verbally interpret her statements in his typical Mr. Rogers fashion, saying, āWhat I think Bonnie is trying to say isā¦.ā You donāt have to be my buffer, I can take care of myself, Bonnie would think whenever Dennis tried to diplomatically reframe a confrontational statement. Yet Bonnie rarely confronted him on this tendency. Heās such a sweet man and, honestly, heās just trying to keep the peace.
āDonāt you talk to me like that!ā
CEO Alexander Ludwig was someone that Bonnie attempted to spend as little time with as possible. Although Alexanderās role in the system was largely related to finances, he had started as an MHT decades earlier and often made a habit of walking through the units and critiquing staff.
āYou need to get your shit together!ā Alexander told Bonnie in front of several residents one afternoon. Bonnie had been struggling with some personal matters and was visibly upset when Alexander had walked through the room and confronted her.
āDonāt you talk to me like that in front of these kids!ā Bonnie yelled at Alexander in the hallway outside the unit.
āWho do you think you are to tell me what to do?ā Alexander responded, āThis is my hospital!ā
Later that day in Dennisās office, Bonnie unloaded her frustrations. āHeās always harder on me. Iām not going to let him talk to me like that, especially in front of the residents.ā
Dennis sat calmly behind his desk and listened attentively to Bonnie, then suggested, āYou know, I think you might remind Alexander of his sisterā¦ā, Dennis stopped mid-sentence in response to the extreme irritation on Bonnieās face. Of course, heās going to psychoanalyze the CEO instead of doing something about this hostile work environment.
āYou know, I think Alexander is trying to say that he cares about you and that he wants you to succeed,ā Dennis continued.
āThis is bullshit,ā Bonnie couldnāt contain her irritation, āAlexander is an ass.ā
āIām an ass?ā Alexander interjected, surprising Bonnie who had not noticed him in the doorway behind her, āwhy donāt you say that to my face?ā
āYouāre an ass!ā Bonnie exclaimed as she stood mere inches from Alexander, her five-foot, four-inch frame only an inch taller than his.
Bonnie fully expected to be terminated from the agency, yet her name continued to be listed on the hospital schedule. Maybe Dennis talked Alexander into giving me a second chance? Bonnie thought as she arrived on the unit later that same week. Shouldnāt we at least have a meeting to debrief about the argument? Are they really going to just ignore that I called the CEO an ass to his face? Several days passed and neither Dennis nor Alexander seemed interested in discussing the incident with Bonnie.
A Special Resident
Alexander barely spoke to Bonnie in the months that followed. In fact, Alexander had become significantly less visible throughout the facility. He rarely walked through the residential units and minimally participated in weekly administrative meetings. Given this new normal in the agency, Bonnie was surprised when Alexander spoke during a meeting in early March 2015.
āWe have a new resident who is transferring to us from the acute unit at CHI Immanuel,ā Alexander shared, appearing to direct his statement at Bonnie. āHeās a 13-year-old Omaha male and heās being discharged after a suicide attempt. Heās been in custody for over seven years and has been diagnosed with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Major Depression. His Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) workers are at a loss about where to place him. Heās gone AWOL from nearly every residential facility in the state.ā
Here we go again, Bonnie thought, heās going to ask me to take the lead because Iām Native American.
Bonnieās instinct was immediately validated as Alexander continued, āI really want Bonnie to work with this kid and develop a relationship with him.ā Alexander looked directly at Bonnie, āI think you will have a lot in common.ā Although Bonnie was annoyed by previous suggestions that she lead a Native American rehab group, she wondered if this was Alexanderās way of apologizing for his role in their argument months prior.
Bruce
This kid is going to knock someone out, Bonnie thought as Bruce, a stout 13-year-old boy, walked onto the unit for the first time. Bonnie noticed him scanning the room and sizing up the other residents. So sad to see the jailhouse mentality in such young kids, Bonnie thought as Bruce approached her.
āHi there, letās get you settled in,ā Bonnie introduced herself. Most residents would bring a small bag of permitted personal items when admitted to CHRT, but Bruce had nothing but the clothing he was wearing and a few books.
āThis is Marcus,ā Bonnie introduced Bruce to the male MHT on duty, āhe will help you get settled into your room.ā
Marcus was one of the most experienced MHTs at CHRT. An African American man in his late 40s, his calm yet firm style seemed to put residents at ease. In fact, Bonnie had noticed that there were significantly fewer behavioral problems on the unit when Marcus was on duty.
āWhatās up little man?ā Marcus shook Bruceās hand, adding, ānice to have another Native brothaā to hang with Ms. B on this unit.ā
Bruce looked at Bonnie with a confused look on his face, āNative?ā
āDonāt listen to him, itās nothing,ā Bonnie responded.
āNo, Iām serious,ā Marcus interrupted, āMs. B here is Indian too.ā
Bonnie felt uncomfortable as Bruce looked her up and down and said, āNo way. You a white girl.ā
āDonāt let these blond highlights fool you,ā Bonnie said playfully. āItās okay if you donāt believe meāI get that all the time.ā
āIām Omaha. What tribe are you? Winnebago?ā Bruce guessed correctly.
āOh yeah, everybodyās Winnebago around here, right?ā Bonnie responded sarcastically. Maybe this wonāt be so bad, she thought as Marcus walked Bruce to his room. I hate to admit it, but Alexander might have been right about me working with this kid.
Settling In
Bonnie had always made a point of treating all of the residents at CHRT as equally as possible, yet it was clear that Bruce preferred her to the other staff. Bonnie wasnāt the only one who noticed Bruceās affinity for her. Within a few weeks most of the staff had begun to call Bruce āMs. Bās Boy.ā Bonnie was irritated by this and often confronted staff members about the inappropriateness of the nickname.
As Bruce entered his fourth week at CHRT, Bonnie had begun to really connect with him on a cultural level. I canāt tell if heās really interested in tribal stuff or if heās pretending because he knows that it interests me, Bonnie wondered. What 13-year-old boy likes traditional beadwork? Her doubts about the authenticity of his stated interest rapidly faded as he spent hours devouring books on traditional beadwork that Bonnie brought to CHRT.
āYou canāt do beadwork while youāre here, but maybe itās something you can look into after you leave,ā Bonnie had told Bruce when she first gave him the books. āPlease be careful with themāthey technically belong to my grandmother,ā she warned.
āWell, when I get out Iām going to make you this one,ā Bruce said pointing at a photo of a particularly elaborate beaded headband.
āYou know that I canāt take gifts from you,ā Bonnie reminded Bruce. āYou should make it for yourself, or maybe you could make some money by selling it.ā
Mom
āThis is how my mom shouldāve been,ā Bruce said out of the blue one afternoon as he played UNO with Bonnie in the dayroom. Bonnie didnāt respond right away. I feel so bad for him. Despite everything heās been through, heās just an innocent kid who was dealt a bad hand. Bonnieās thoughts drifted to her own childhood. Maybe Bruce can overcome these obstacles and find happiness like I did. I wonder if heās ever experienced a relationship as stable as the one weāve developed? Bonnie thought before finally replying to Bruceās statement, āYeah, Iām sorry she hasnāt been able to be there for you.ā
Bruceās behavior when Bonnie was on the unit was dramatically different compared to when she wasnāt. āReflectionā was the lowest behavioral level given to clients in the program, and Bruce had just levelled up after spending t...