Robotic engineering inspired by biologyābiomimeticsāhas many potential applications: robot snakes can be used for rescue operations in disasters, snake-like endoscopes can be used in medical diagnosis, and artificial muscles can replace damaged muscles to recover the motor functions of human limbs. Conversely, the application of robotics technology to our understanding of biological systems and behaviorsābiorobotic modeling and analysisāprovides unique research opportunities: robotic manipulation technology with optical tweezers can be used to study the cell mechanics of human red blood cells, a surface electromyography sensing system can help us identify the relation between muscle forces and hand movements, and mathematical models of brain circuitry may help us understand how the cerebellum achieves movement control.
Biologically Inspired Robotics contains cutting-edge materialāconsiderably expanded and with additional analysisāfrom the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). These 16 chapters cover both biomimetics and biorobotic modeling/analysis, taking readers through an exploration of biologically inspired robot design and control, micro/nano bio-robotic systems, biological measurement and actuation, and applications of robotics technology to biological problems.
Contributors examine a wide range of topics, including:
A method for controlling the motion of a robotic snake
The design of a bionic fitness cycle inspired by the jaguar
The use of autonomous robotic fish to detect pollution
A noninvasive brain-activity scanning method using a hybrid sensor
A rehabilitation system for recovering motor function in human hands after injury
Human-like robotic eye and head movements in humanāmachine interactions
A state-of-the-art resource for graduate students and researchers.
Frequently asked questions
Simply head over to the account section in settings and click on āCancel Subscriptionā - itās as simple as that. After you cancel, your membership will stay active for the remainder of the time youāve paid for. Learn more here.
At the moment all of our mobile-responsive ePub books are available to download via the app. Most of our PDFs are also available to download and we're working on making the final remaining ones downloadable now. Learn more here.
Both plans give you full access to the library and all of Perlegoās features. The only differences are the price and subscription period: With the annual plan youāll save around 30% compared to 12 months on the monthly plan.
We are an online textbook subscription service, where you can get access to an entire online library for less than the price of a single book per month. With over 1 million books across 1000+ topics, weāve got you covered! Learn more here.
Look out for the read-aloud symbol on your next book to see if you can listen to it. The read-aloud tool reads text aloud for you, highlighting the text as it is being read. You can pause it, speed it up and slow it down. Learn more here.
Yes, you can access Biologically Inspired Robotics by Yunhui Liu, Dong Sun in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Medicine & Biotechnology in Medicine. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
This chapter gives a brief introduction to biologically inspired robotics. We will discuss what biological inspired robotics is, its major topics, and brief history. Some well-known biologically inspired robots and technology will be also introduced.
1.1What Is Biologically Inspired Robotics?
Biologically inspired robotics is an interdisciplinary subject of robotics and biology and consists of mainly two broad areas: biomimetics and bio-robotic modeling/analysis Biomimetics draws inspiration from biology, and its primary concern is the application of biological ideas and phenomena to engineering problems in robotics. The topics cover almost every technical aspect of robotics including biologically inspired design, motion control, sensing, and actuation of robotic systems. A typical example of biomimetic robots is the humanoid robot, which is analogous with a human being in appearance and behavior (Figure 1.1). Bio-robotic modeling/analysis is the application of robotic models and principles to address biological issues such as recognition processes of the human brain, behaviors of animals and insects, etc. For example, by using a model of a biomimetic robotic fish, it is possible to study the swimming dynamics of fish; it may be possible to model sensory motor control of human arms using a bionic arm.
1.2History
Humans have tried to create mechanical systems that mimic the behaviors of animals and other living creatures for a long time. The history can be traced back to development of the mechanical drink-serving waitress and musical players by Arab scholar and craftsman Al-Jazari in the thirteenth century and mechanical puppets or dolls such as the well-known Japanese karakuri ningyo in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Probably the most famous example is the tremendous effort made to development of flying machines in the early twentieth century.
Designing robots that mimic animals and other living creatures dates back to the 1940s and 1950s (Beer 2009). The robotic tortoises developed by W. Gray Walter (Walter 1963) are most closely related to biologically inspired robotics. The tortoises are driven by motorized wheels and equipped with a light sensor and touch sensor. They are mobile robots indeed! When talking about the history of biomimetic robotics, it is necessary to note the work of Ichiro Katoās group at Waseda University in the early 1970s on design and control of biped robots (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot). They developed the first biped robot, WaBOT-1, in 1973 and a musician robot that played the piano in 1984. Their work laid the foundation for the research and development of present-day humanoid robots. Since the early 1980s, inspired by motion of snakes and spiders, Hirose and his group have designed several snake robots and legged robots (Hirose and Yamda 2009). Figure 1.2 shows the latest design of a snake robot created at the Shenyang Institute of Automation (China; Z. Liu et al. 2006). In 1997, Honda presented the first humanoid robot, Asimo, that truly has a humanoid appearance and integrates computer, control, sensing systems, power, and into a single stand-alone body (Hirai 1997). Since then, several humanoid robots, such as the Sony humanoid robot QRIO (Movellan et al. 2004), the AIST humanoid robot HRP-2 (Kaneko et al. 2004; Figure 1.1), and the BIT humanoid robot BHR-2 (Huang et al. 2005), have been developed in Japan, Europe, and China. The early biomimetic robots for entertainment include the robotic dog AIBO developed by Sony and the seal-mimetic robot PARO by Shibata (2004; Figure 1.3). With the advancement of sensing, actuation, and information technology, biologically inspired robotics is advancing rapidly with extensive study by robotics researchers and increasing investment from industries and governments worldwide. Different robots or robotic systems inspired by animals, insects, and fish have been developed. Figure 1.4 shows a robotic fish developed by Hu at the University of Essex (J. Liu, Dukes, and Hu 2005). Biomimetics has become one of the fastest growing topics in robotics in recent years.
1.3Biologically Inspired Robot Design
Designing mechanisms for robots that mimic the motion of animals and other living creatures is one of the core problems in biologically inspired robotics. The mechanisms of movement vary for different animals and other living creatures Many mammals, such as cats, tigers, horses, etc., use four legs to move around, but humans rely on two legs to move Spiders use legs to climb, but snakes climb without legs. The challenging issue here is how to realize biological movement using mechanical structures. Biological motion is generated by the interaction of muscles, joints, and tissues of a continuum deformable body. There are no actuators that are as sophisticated as muscles, materials that are as soft as tissues, or joints that generate the complicated yet smooth motion that human and animal joints perform. Therefore, it is crucial to develop simplified mechanisms that can generate motion similar to biological motion.
For example, a snake moves forward and backward using the frictional force between its body and the ground Its body is a deformable continuum whose geometric shape is used to control the frictional force. The snake can change its speed by changing the shape of its body. Because it is difficult to design a mechanical structure that can deform freely and continuously by active control, existing robotic snakes employ a series of movable segments that are connected by a joint (Figure 1.5). Moreover, the snake relies on its skin to slide on the ground, and such skin cannot be made by current technologies, so wheels are attached to the segments. If the connection joint allows the rotation about one axis, the robotic snake moves in a plane. If the connection joint is a spherical joint that allows rotation about two perpendicular axes, the robotic snake can move in three-dimensional space; for example, to climb a tree.
B...
Table of contents
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Contributors
1 Introduction to Biologically Inspired Robotics
2 CPG-Based Control of Serpentine Locomotion of a Snake-Like Robot
3 Analysis and Design of a Bionic Fitness Cycle
4 Human-Inspired Hyper Dynamic Manipulation
5 A School of Robotic Fish for Pollution Detection in Port
6 Development of a Low-Noise Bio-Inspired Humanoid Robot Neck
7 Automatic Single-Cell Transfer Module
8 Biomechanical Characterization of Human Red Blood Cells with Optical Tweezers
9 Nanorobotic Manipulation for a Single Biological Cell
10 Measurement of Brain Activity Using Optical and Electrical Methods
11 Bowel Polyp Detection in Capsule Endoscopy Images with Color and Shape Features
12 Classification of Hand Motion Using Surface EMG Signals
13 Multifunctional Actuators Utilizing Magnetorheological Fluids for Assistive Knee Braces
14 Mathematical Modeling of Brain Circuitry during Cerebellar Movement Control
15 Development of Hand Rehabilitation System Using Wire-Driven Link Mechanism for Paralysis Patients
16 A Test Environment for Studying the Human-Likeness of Robotic Eye Movements