Hydrology and Water Resource Systems Analysis

Maria A. Mimikou, Evangelos A. Baltas, Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2016
• eBook ISBN: 9781466581333
• Topic: Scienze biologiche
• Subtopic: Scienze ambientali

Hydrology and water resources analysis can be looked at together, but this is the only book which presents the relevant material and which bridges the gap between scientific processes and applications in one text. New methods and programs for solving hydrological problems are outlined in a concise and readily accessible form.

Hydrology and Water Resource Systems Analysis

includes a number of illustrations and tables, with fully solved example problems integrated within the text. It describes a systematic treatment of various surface water estimation techniques; and provides detailed treatment of theory and applications of groundwater flow for both steady-state and unsteady-state conditions; time series analysis and hydrological simulation; floodplain management; reservoir and stream flow routing; sedimentation and erosion hydraulics; urban hydrology; the hydrological design of basic hydraulic structures; storage spillways and energy dissipation for flood control, optimization techniques for water management projects; and methods for uncertainty analysis.

It is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and for practitioners. Hydrologists and water-related professionals will be helped with an unfamiliar term or a new subject area, or be given a formula, the procedure for solving a problem, or guidance on the computer packages which are available, or shown how to obtain values from a table of data. For them it is a compendium of hydrological practice rather than science, but sufficient scientific background is provided to enable them to understand the hydrological processes in a given problem, and to appreciate the limitations of the methods presented for solving it.

Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1 GENERAL

This book contains the description and analysis of basic concepts, as well as, a great number of applications and solutions that cover the scientific disciplines of engineering hydrology and water resources management.

More specifically, in Chapter 2, the forms of precipitation, the precipitation-measuring instruments and their function and installation design, the basic preprocessing of the point rainfall data (homogenization, addition of missing data, altitude correction) and the methods of integration for the estimation of the areal rainfall are described. Also, in the same chapter, we explain the terms and the estimation methods of evaporation, transpiration and actual potential evapotranspiration. Finally, the hydrological losses on the ground are presented, such as storage depression, retention and infiltration. Finally, various methods of infiltration evaluation are also presented.

In Chapter 3, we deal with runoff components, the geomorphological and physiographic characteristics of a river basin and the characteristics and the components of a hydrograph. Moreover, the hydrometry, the rainfall–runoff relationships, and selected models are presented.

In Chapter 4, a detailed description of groundwater is given. Particularly, soil parameters, groundwater aquifers and their classification, the mathematical problem and the general solution of groundwater flow, analytical solutions of steady and unsteady flows, the theory of images, pumping tests, aquifer recharge and seawater intrusion are presented.

In Chapter 5, the basic concepts of the probability and statistics theory in hydrology are described. Continuous and discrete probability functions that are appropriate for use in hydrology and water resources, extreme distributions (floods and droughts) and rainfall intensity–duration–frequency curves are presented.

In Chapter 6, the hydrologic design of hydraulic and other engineering works is presented. The issues discussed include hydrologic design (sizing) of reservoirs and safety (flood protection) structures like spillways and river diversion works. Both deterministic and stochastic approaches are presented. In addition, regional models are described for the design of works at ungauged sites and other specific issues related, for example, to the design of irrigation uptakes and small hydroelectric dams.

In Chapter 7, issues of urban hydrology and stormwater management are presented. The chapter starts with the description of the urban drainage system and proceeds with the impacts of urbanization in affecting the shape of the runoff hydrograph. Then, issues related to urban runoff quality, including factors affecting runoff quality, the pollutant generation processes, the types and sources of pollutants and the impacts on receiving waters are discussed. The chapter then describes methods to compute urban runoff quantity, such as the rational and the SCS methods. Then, three methods for runoff quality computations, as well as methods to evaluate pollutant accumulation on the street surface and washoff of pollutants, are described. Finally, the last section of the chapter presents in detail the design of a great number of structural and non-structural best management practices to manage urban runoff quantity and quality. Among these are porous pavements, infiltration trenches, grass filters and dry and wet ponds, as well as methods to deal with combined sewer overflows.

Chapter 8, the last chapter of this book, is an introduction to sediment transport and erosion. The chapter first introduces the sediment properties, and then it addresses flow resistance issues in open channels and alluvial streams and rivers, bed forms, incipient motion and stable channel design and selected sediment transport formulas for bed load, suspended load and total load. It finally presents watershed erosion and sediment yield and control measures.

1.2 THE SCIENCE OF HYDROLOGY

Hydrology is the science that describes the appearance, circulation and distribution of earth’s water, as well as the interaction of its physical and chemical properties with the environment and humans.

The objective of hydrology is the scientific evaluation of water in various phases, especially its variation in time and space. In the science of hydrology, various complex processes of primary concern are involved, including evaporation, rainfall, infiltration, transpiration, storage and runoff. Hydrology is closely connected to a wide range of sciences like biology, chemistry, agriculture, geogra...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Authors
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Precipitation and hydrological losses
• 3 Runoff
• 4 Probability and statistics in hydrology
• 5 Groundwater hydrology
• 6 Hydrologic design
• 7 Urban hydrology and stormwater management
• 8 Sediment transport and erosion
• Index