The Social Effects of Global Trade

Joy Murray, Arunima Malik, Arne Geschke, Joy Murray, Arunima Malik, Arne Geschke

• Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
• Year: 2017
• ISBN:
  9781351394703
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Law
• Subtopic: Environmental Law
• Index: Law

The inclusion of qualitative social data into global environmental and economic input-output (IO) models remained illusive for many years. It was not until around 2013 that researchers found ways to include data, for example, on poverty, inequality, and worker safety, into IO models capable of tracing global supply chains. The sustainable development goals have now propelled this work onto the world stage with some urgency. They have shone a spotlight onto social conditions around the world and brought global trade into the frame for its ability to influence social conditions for good or ill.

This book provides a compilation of groundbreaking work on social indicators from the most prominent IO research groups from a wide range of academic backgrounds and from around the world. In addition, it frames this work in the real world of politics, human rights, and business, bringing together a multidisciplinary team to demonstrate the power of IO to illuminate some of the world's most pressing problems. Edited by well-known researchers in the area, Joy Murray, Arunima Malik, and Arne Geschke, the book is designed to appeal to a broad academic and business audience. While many chapters include technical details and references for follow-up reading, it is possible to omit those sections and yet gain a deep appreciation of the power of IO to address seemingly intractable problems.

Contents

Foreword

Foreword

Preface

Part I Introduction

1. Global Trade in an Era of Neoliberal Capitalism: Origins, Context and Implications

Christopher Wright

1.1 Origins: Trade and Global Capitalism

1.2 Neoliberalism and the Washington Consensus

1.3 The Free Trade Agenda: Implications for Social Well-Being

1.4 A World Safe for Multinationals and Crossing ‘Planetary Boundaries’

1.5 Global Trade for More Sustainable Outcomes?

2. Regulating Human Rights and Responsibilities in Global Supply Chains

Justine Nolan

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Supply Chains

2.3 Theories of Responsibility

2.4 Regulating Responsibility

2.5 Conclusion

Part II Input-Output Analysis

3. Calculating the Cost of Trade

Arne Geschke

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Input-Output Analysis as a Tool to Analyse Global Supply Chains

3.3 Data Types and Bridging between Data of Varying Levels of Detail

3.4 Bringing It All Together: The Social Footprint Laboratory

3.5 The Mathematical Task of Building a Model That Suits

3.6 Conclusion and Outlook

4. Human Rights Due Diligence with the Social Hotspots Database

Catherine Benoît Norris, Gregory Norris, Yanyan Xiao and Joy Murray

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Structure of the SHDB

4.3 Integrating the Social Hotspots and Eora Databases

4.4 Calculating a Social Risk Footprint

4.5 Applying the SHDB to Carry Out Human Rights Due Diligence

4.6 Human Rights Due Diligence: The Case of Gender Inequality Risk

4.7 Conclusion

Part III Case Studies

5. Corruption Embodied in International Trade

Yanyan Xiao

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Methodology

5.3 Results and Discussion

5.3.1 Comparison of Corruption Situation Measured by Corruption Perception and Corruption Footprint

5.3.2 Corruption Footprint Distribution

5.3.3 Corruption-Embodied Commodity Details

5.4 Conclusion

6. Social Footprints of Nations: A Look at Welfare

Rachel C. Reyes

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Beyond the GDP

6.3 The Social Welfare Footprint

6.4 Findings

6.4.1 Embodied Welfare in Consumption

6.4.2 Inequality

6.4.3 Social Welfare and Economic Welfare

6.5 Going Forward

7. Employment Flows from and into the Arab Region: A Case Study to Measure the Embodied Employment in 2010

Ali Alsamawi and Yanyan Xiao

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Methodology

7.3 Results

7.4 Conclusion

8. The Distribution of Labour and Wages Embodied in European Consumption

Moana Simas and Richard Wood

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Accounting for Socioeconomic Impacts in Supply Chains

8.3 Methods

8.4 Socioeconomic Impacts of European Consumption

8.4.1 Socioeconomic Footprints of Food, Clothes and Electronic Products

8.4.2 What Are the Impacts of Buying New Food, Clothing and Electronic Products?

8.5 Conclusion

9. Assessing the Structure and Social Effects of China’s Provincial Labour Landscape

Yafei Wang and Lixiao Xu

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Methodology and Data

9.2.1 Methodology

9.2.2 Data

9.3 Results

9.3.1 Inequality Footprint of Provinces

9.3.2 Average Wages and Wage Footprints of Sectors

9.3.3 Supply Chains of Embodied Employment in Guangdong

9.4 Conclusion

10. Fairness and Globalisation in the Western European Clothing Supply Chain

Simon Mair, Angela Druckman and Tim Jackson

10.1 Fairness, Globalisation and the Good Life

10.2 The Changing Geography of the Clothing Supply Chain

10.3 Has Globalisation Made the Western European Clothing Supply Chain Fairer?

10.4 Does the Western European Clothing Supply Chain Support a Decent Life for BRIC Workers?

10.5 Towards Fair Globalisation?

11. Income Effects in Global Value Chains Driven by EU Exports

Ruslan Lukach and José M. Rueda-Cantuche

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Domestic and Foreign Income Effects Generated by EU Exports to the Rest of the World

11.2.1 Value Added at Constant Prices (1995–2009)

11.2.2 Embodied Value Added in EU Exports and Spillover Effects

11.2.3 Results by Industry Type

11.2.4 Results by Trading Partner

11.3 Conclusion

12. Global Trade, Pollution and Mortality

Christina Prell, Klaus Hubacek, Laixiang Sun and Kuishuang Feng

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Global Trade, Emissions and the Effects on Mortality

12.3 Materials and Methods

12.4 Results

12.5 Discussion and Conclusion

Part IV Social Effects of Global Trade and Standard Business Practice

13. Socially Sustainable Supply Chains

Graham Sinden

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Regulatory Drivers of Human Rights and the Supply Chain

13.3 Non-Regulatory Initiatives for Social Supply Chain Linkages

13.4 Finance and Social Supply Chain Linkages

13.5 Analytical Methods Supporting Social Supply Chain Analysis

13.6 Conclusion and Outlook

Index

Foreword

Global trade has both liberated and put new constraints on the world and society. It allows a worker in China to help someone in Australia when that person’s computer malfunctions. Global trade also provides a connection between a farmer in Peru and a consumer in Britain. The benefits that we can see can be massive. No longer are individuals limited by the market within which they are located— they can also reach the world quickly and relatively cheaply. With the opening of markets, so has the opportunity opened up for sharing knowledge, information and wealth. Technological leaps have been made more possible through globalisation and global trade. For example, countries in Africa, where citizens previously had limited access to banks and financial capital, have skipped over the brick- and-mortar stage of physical banks to go straight to online banking, requiring only a smart phone and Internet access. They are able to send money to family and friends, pay for goods and services, apply for a loan to start a new business and take payments for trade from around the globe.

However, there is also a darker side to international trade. Whereas once we understood how our food was grown, because we either did it ourselves or traded with someone in our local community, we are now often distanced from production. We don’t really understand the production practices, the environmental impacts or how well people who are producing our food are being treated. Many consumer goods are a sum of their parts, and their parts could have been flown or shipped from anywhere in the world to central points for different stages of production and then redistributed around the world to waiting markets. Tracking and tracing trade can be hug...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Halftitle Page
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Table of Contents