- 240 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
About This Book
Intermediate Polish is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.Features include:
* focus on areas of particular confusion such as verbs that are difficult to translate and nouns made from numbers
* comprehensive glossary of grammatical terms
* reference list of over 250 Polish verbs
* full key to all exercises.Suitable for independent learners and students on taught courses, Intermediate Polish, together with its sister volume, Basic Polish, forms a structured course in the essentials of Polish.Dana Bielec is the author of the popular Polish: An Essential Grammar, as well as Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook, both published by Routledge.
Frequently asked questions
Information
Unit 1
Verb aspects
Verbs with two imperfective forms
How perfective verb forms are made
Tenses in imperfective and perfective verbs
- Present (I buy, I do buy, I am buying)
- Past Continuous, much like the Imperfect Tense in some languages (I was buying when . . ., I used to buy, I would normally buy)
- Composite Future, made with byÄ (to be) (I will be buying from now on...)
- Conditional Continuous (I would be buying if... )
- Past Simple (I bought, I did buy) which also translates the English Present Perfect (I have bought)
- Simple Future, made without byÄ (to be) (I will buy)
- Conditional (I would buy if ... )
Adverbs to clarify meaning in imperfective verbs
Exercise 1
Notes
Table of contents
- Cover
- Half Title
- Full Title
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Introduction
- Abbreviations
- 1 Verb aspects
- 2 -aÄ and -iÄ verbs: present tense consonant change
- 3 Comparisons: adjectives in -er and -est
- 4 Present tense of -nÄ Ä verbs
- 5 Short-stem non-waÄ verbs: padding with ājā (present)
- 6 Comparisons: adverbs with āmoreā and āmostā
- 7 Past tense of most imperfective verbs; movable person sufļ¬xes
- 8 Past tense of imperfective verbs in -eÄ and -noÄ
- 9 Past tense of doubleimperfective verbs
- 10 Short-stem verbs in -ÅÄ and-Ä (present, past)
- 11 Modal verbs musieÄ,chcieÄ, woleÄ (present,past); because, since
- 12 Past tense of perfectiveverbs (prefixed);when(ever), as soon as
- 13 Past tense of perfectiveverbs (stem-changed)
- 14 āCanā:mĆ³c, potrafiÄ,umieÄ (present, past)
- 15 Past tense of perfectiveverbs in -Ä Ä and -nÄ Ä
- 16 Unusual verb pairs; politecommands with ProszÄ
- 17 Higher numbers and dates
- 18 Future with byÄ ā imperfective verbs; time expressions
- 19 Future without byÄ ā perfective verbs; gdy, jak
- 20 Informal commands
- 21 Commands with niech; -Å and -kolwiek; vocative case
- 22 Verbs from iÅÄ (past, future)
- 23 Verbs from iÅÄ andchodziÄ (commands);concessions
- 24 Modal verbs powinienemand mieÄ (present, past)
- 25 How verbal prefixes change meaning; direction to/from
- 26 Six very precise verbs
- 27 Simple conditions and wishes; jeÅli/jeueli, może
- 28 Conditions with āI would . . .if ā; avoiding ambiguity
- 29 Modal verbs (future,conditional); Åŗeby; else
- 30 Impersonal verbs (present);cause and result
- 31 Impersonal verbs (past, future, conditional)
- 32 SiÄ to translate āoneā and āyouā
- 33 Impersonal widaÄ, sÅychaÄ, czuÄ, znaÄ
- 34 Present adverbial participle in -Ä c (while . . . -ing)
- 35 Past adverbial participlein -wszy and -Åszy(having . . . )
- 36 Indefinite numbers; -ka nouns from numbers
- 37 Relative pronoun ktĆ³ry; adjectives used as nouns
- 38 Present adjectival participle (active) ā imperfective verbs
- 39 Present adjectival participles (passive) ā imperfective verbs
- 40 Past adjectival participle (passive) ā perfective verbs; until, while, before
- Appendix 1 Prepositions and their cases
- Appendix 2 Adjective endings
- Appendix 3 Declension of pronouns
- Appendix 4 Future of stem-changed perfective verbs
- Key to exercises
- Glossary of grammatical terms
- PolishāEnglish verb list
- Index