Practical Fluorescence, Second Edition

George G. Guilbault

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781000147650
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Chemistry
• Index: Chemistry

This is a new edition (first, 1973) of an introduction to the principles and applications of all phases of luminescence spectroscopy. Contains (all rewritten) chapters on general aspects of luminescence, instrumentation, effects of molecular structure and environment, inorganic analysis and phosphorescence. The second edition also introduces new topics such as process, applications, bioprocess monitoring and biotechnology methods, soild surface luminescence and pesticide analysis, providing expanded coverage on chemiluminescence and environmental analysis and updates information on equipment, supplies newer references and more.

1

General Aspects of Luminescence Spectroscopy

GEORGE G. GUILBAULT University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana

I. Introductory Remarks

A. History of Luminescence

Luminescence is one of the oldest of analytical techniques, dating back to the first observations of Monardes in 1565 of the light emission from an extract of Ligrium nephiticiem. The red emission of chlorophyll was noted by Brewster in 1833, but the first thorough paper on luminescence was that in 1852 of Sir G. G. Stokes, who described the theoretical basis for the technique by giving a mechanism of the absorption and emission process. Stokes named fluorescence after the mineral fluorospar using the Latin fluo (to flow) and spar (rock).

In the early 1500s phosphorescence was described, named after the Greek words "light bearing." In 1669 the element phosphorus was named from this same Greek word, since it was found to produce a bright light in a dark room.

In my second book on luminescence spectroscopy, titled Practical Fluorescence: Theory and Practice [1], I cited luminescence as being one of the most active research fields, as evidenced by the large increase in papers, reviews, and monographs published each year. Wehry in his 1982 review on molecular fluorescence [2] estimated that 14% of all the full papers published in 1981 could qualify for inclusion in his review. This is perhaps true for every year, possibly for the entire literature of analytical chemistry in each year.

B. Books

The first volume of a multiauthor monograph on molecular fluorescence spectrometry, appearing in 1985 and edited by Schulman [3], contains detailed reviews of the fluorescence of pharmaceutical (written by Baeyens), fluorescence of amino acids, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids, alkaloids, porphyrins, and natural products (written by Wolfbeis), luminescence methods for the determination of inorganic analytes (by Fernandez-Gutierrez and Munoz de la Pena), luminescence of metal ion complexes of biologically significant ligands (by Brittain), fluoroimmunoassay (by Karnes, O'Neal, and Schulman), and chromatographic detection (by Hulshoff and Lingeman).

A 1983 book by Lakowicz [4] on fluorescence stresses applications to biochemical systems, with emphasis on proteins and membranes. Also included are useful treatments of instrumentation for time-resolved and steady-state fluorometry, solvent effects on fluorescence, fluorescence quenching phenomenon, and the principles of polarized fluorescence measurements.

Eastwood [5] edited an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) publication entitled New Directions in Molecular Luminescence, consisting of eight chapters by different authors.

A recent book (1987) by Bashford and Harris [6] entitled Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorometry: A Practical Approach is a brief (175 pages) tutorial on fundamentals of both techniques. Another instructional book by Gillespie [7] is the 151-page Manual of Fluorometric and Spectrophotometric Experiments, useful in a university teaching course.

A monograph by Miller [8] written in 1981 on Standards in Luminescence Spectrometry provides information on criteria for defining the sensitivity of fluorometers, spectral correction and quantum yield measurement procedures, and stray light effects in fluorometry.

A monograph written by Mielenz in 1982 [9], entitled Measurement of Photoluminescence, deals with data handling, measurement of quantum yields, spectral correction, and calibration.

In 1978 Lumb [10] edited a multiauthor volume on Luminescence Spectroscopy which contained excellent chapters surveying luminescence instrumentation and the luminescence of organic molecules. This same year a book by Turro [11] on Modern Molecular Photochemistry was published which provides a good introductory chapter to fluorescence and phospherescence fundamentals.

An excellent four-volume series on Modern Fluorescence Spectroscopy was edited by Wehry [12], the last two volumes appearing in 1981. Wehry, a well-recognized expert in fluorescence, contributed three separate chapters to this current book.

C. Chapters and Reviews

Every two years an excellent review of molecular fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence spectrometry appears in the journal Analytical Chemistry. From 1980 to 1986, the review was prepared by Earl Wehry [2], one of the foremost authorities in this field. In 1988 and 1990 the reviews were prepared by Isiah Warner and Linda McGown, two well-recognized authors in the field [13].

Demas and Demas [14] wrote an introductory chapter on luminescence spectroscopy in the Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology published in 1987. McGown [15] composed a chapter for a Metals Handbook, containing fluorescence methods for material characterization.

A review on the use o...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Preface
• Table of Contents
• Contributors
• 1. General Aspects of Luminescence Spectroscopy
• 2. Instrumentation for Fluorescence
• 3. Effects of Molecular Structure on Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
• 4. Effects of Molecular Environment on Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
• 5. Inorganic Substances
• 6. Assay of Organic Compounds
• 7. Applications of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Techniques to Environmental Analysis
• 8. Phosphorescence in Chemical Analysis
• 9. Fluorescence Analysis of Pesticides and Enzyme-Related Substrates on Solid Surfaces
• 10. Chemiluminescence and Photobiosensors
• 11. Fluorescence of Proteins and Peptides
• 12. Fluorescence in Enzymology
• 13. Fluorescence Sensors for Monitoring Bioprocesses
• Index