Freshwater Microbiology

Perspectives of Bacterial Dynamics in Lake Ecosystems

Suhaib A. Bandh

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780128174968
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Biology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Freshwater Microbiology: Perspectives of Bacterial Dynamics in Lake Ecosystems provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology in lakes. It offers basic information on how well the bacterial community composition varies along the spatio-temporal and trophic gradients along with the evaluation of the bioindicator species of bacteria so as to act as a key to predict the trophic status of lake ecosystems. The book helps to identify the factors of potential importance in structuring the bacterial communities in lakes as it delves into the dynamics and diversity of bacterial community composition in relation to various water quality parameters. It helps to identify the possibility of bioremediation plans and devising future policy decisions, with better conservation and management practices.

• Provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology
• Helps to identify the factors of potential importance in structuring the bacterial community composition
• Gives insight into the bacterial diversity of freshwater lake ecosystems along with their industrial potential
• Caters to the needs and aspirations of students and professional researchers

Chapter 1

Bacterial community composition in lakes

Ajar Nath Yadav ¹ , Neelam Yadav ² , Divjot Kour ¹ , Akhilesh Kumar ³ , Kritika Yadav ³ , Amit Kumar ³ , Ali A. Rastegari ⁴ , Shashwati Ghosh Sachan ⁵ , Bhanumati Singh ⁶ , Vinay Singh Chauhan ⁶ , and Anil Kumar Saxena ^{7 1} Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India ² Gopi Nath P.G. College, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Ghazipur, India ³ Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India ⁴ Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran ⁵ Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India ⁶ Department of Biotechnology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India ⁷ ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India

Abstract

Bacteria are ubiquitous organisms, inhabiting almost every part of earth including the extreme habitats, and in aquatic ecosystems they represent dense assemblages with varied morphological, physiological and ecological preferences. In these freshwater ecosystems bacterial community composition is determined by using various culture-dependent as well as culture-independent techniques (DNA isolation, PCR amplifications, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, sequencing, and phylogenetic profiling). The chapter deals with the bacterial community composition of lakes, their diversity, distribution, functional annotations, and their relationship with other organisms in aquatic ecosystem. Later in the chapter the bacterial community's responses to disturbance (natural as well as anthropogenic) are discussed. The chapter further reviews the bacterial community composition of various lakes, novel species obtained from these lakes, and the dominant phyla (Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Caldeserica, Calditrichaeota, Verrucomicrobia, Chlorobi, Planctomycetes, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) found in these freshwater ecosystems.

Keywords

Bacterial community composition; Biodiversity; Lake habitats; Novel bacterial species; Population dynamic

Introduction

During the course of evolution of life on earth, microbes evolved long before the origin of plants and animals, thus making them the oldest life forms on earth. They are more than 3.5–3.8 billion years old, single-celled organisms, so small in size that millions of microbes fit in the eye of a needle. Microbes are omnipresent on earth, inhabiting almost every part of the earth including soil, water, air, and even other organisms (Canganella & Wiegel, 2011; Yadav, Kumar et al., 2017; Yadav, Verma, Kumar, Sachan, & Saxena, 2017). They also inhabit the extreme habitats including hot springs (Brock, 2012; Brook, 1980; Kumar, Yadav, Tiwari, Prasanna, & Saxena, 2014; Sahay et al., 2017; Suman, Verma, Yadav, & Saxena, 2015; Verma, Yadav, Suman, & Saxena, 2012; Yadav, Verma et al., 2015), deep sea hydrothermal vents (McCollom & Shock, 1997); saline environments (Antón, Rosselló-Mora, Rodríguez-Valera, & Amann, 2000; Saxena et al., 2016; Yadav, Sharma et al., 2015); cold environments—Permafrost soils, glaciers, ice sheets, and snow cover (Boyd et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2016; Yadav, 2015, p. 234; Yadav, Sachan, Verma, & Saxena, 2015; Yadav, Sachan, Verma, Tyagi et al., 2015); acid mine drainages (Baker & Banfield, 2003); and kilometers beneath earth’s surface (White, Phelps, & Onstot, 1998). The extremophilic microbes have also been reported as associated with plants growing in extreme environmental conditions (Kour et al., 2017; Rana, Kour, Yadav, Kumar, & Dhaliwal, 2016; Srivastava et al., 2013; Yadav, Verma, Sachan, Kaushik, & Saxena, 2013). Bacteria appear more abundantly than other creatures, like plants and animals, in these diverse habitats on the face of earth, with their numbers ranging from 4 × 10³⁰ to 6 × 10³⁰ on earth (Horner-Devine, Carney, & Bohannan, 2004). They are also abundantly found in oceanic and terrestrial environments, for example, in marine waters bacterial numbers range from 0.2 to 2.0 × 10⁹ cells/L (Turley & Mackie, 1994). These extreme environments usually present hostile conditions to humans and the majority of life forms on earth, but the extremophilic bacteria found therein have evolved to tolerate or even thrive well within these e...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• List of contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1. Bacterial community composition in lakes
• Chapter 2. Bacterial diversity of the rock-water interface in freshwater ecosystem
• Chapter 3. Impact of environmental changes and human activities on bacterial diversity of lakes
• Chapter 4. Spatio-temporal patterns of bacterial diversity along environmental gradients and bacterial attachment to organic aggregates
• Chapter 5. Metagenomic insights into the diversity and functions of microbial assemblages in lakes
• Chapter 6. Depth distribution of microbial diversity in lakes
• Chapter 7. Exploring bacterial diversity: from cell to sequence
• Chapter 8. Bacterial biofilms: the remarkable heterogeneous biological communities and nitrogen fixing microorganisms in lakes
• Chapter 9. Microbial diversity in freshwater ecosystems and its industrial potential
• Chapter 10. Bacteria: the natural indicator of environmental pollution
• Index