Applied Biomechatronics Using Mathematical Models

Jorge Garza Ulloa

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2018
• ISBN:
  9780128125953
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Robotics
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Applied Biomechatronics Using Mathematical Models provides an appropriate methodology to detect and measure diseases and injuries relating to human kinematics and kinetics. It features mathematical models that, when applied to engineering principles and techniques in the medical field, can be used in assistive devices that work with bodily signals. The use of data in the kinematics and kinetics analysis of the human body, including musculoskeletal kinetics and joints and their relationship to the central nervous system (CNS) is covered, helping users understand how the complex network of symbiotic systems in the skeletal and muscular system work together to allow movement controlled by the CNS.

With the use of appropriate electronic sensors at specific areas connected to bio-instruments, we can obtain enough information to create a mathematical model for assistive devices by analyzing the kinematics and kinetics of the human body. The mathematical models developed in this book can provide more effective devices for use in aiding and improving the function of the body in relation to a variety of injuries and diseases.

• Focuses on the mathematical modeling of human kinematics and kinetics
• Teaches users how to obtain faster results with these mathematical models
• Includes a companion website with additional content that presents MATLAB examples

Chapter 1

Introduction to biomechatronics/biomedical engineering

Abstract

Various definitions of concepts are used in this book. How basic disciplines evolved to multidisciplinary engineering branches is being exhaustively discussed. Introduction to multidisciplinary engineering fields such as Mechatronics, Biomedical Engineering and Biomechatronicsis given. The need to develop solutions where mechanics and electronics interact with human skeleton, muscles, and nervous system to senses organs or limbs damaged by an injury, diseases, or birth defects is explained. Advantages to have methodologies for developing Biomechatronics solutions based in Data Acquisition, Data Analysis, and steps to obtain mathematical models to represent behavior of the health problem under study, based in the Kinematics/kinetics of the human body to develop Biomechatronics Devices are presented. A brief study is being performed discussing most frequently human neurological diseases, identifying their need to propose Biomechatronics devices that can be applied to create solutions for human movements disorders, as their diagnosis confirmation, rehabilitation, and if it is possible, their correction to help the patients improving their quality of life.

Keywords

Biomechatronics

Biomechatronics solutions

Biomedical

Mathematical models

Mechatronics

neurological diseases

Chapter Outline

1. 1.0 Introduction
2. 1.1 The Evolution From Basic Disciplines of Engineering to Multidisciplinary Engineering Branches
3. 1.2 Biomechatronics Implemented Using Mathematical Models
4. 1.3 Neurological Diseases
5. 1.4 Biomechatronics Solutions for Neurological Diseases
6. 1.5 The Near Future of Biomechatronics Devices for Neurological Diseases
7. 1.6 Suggested Research for Chapter 1
   • 1.6.1 Answers for Suggested Research Chapter 1
8. References

Today the technology has shrinking the world, news, researches and communications are available in an instant, allowing us to stay up to date, do research faster and stay aware of any situation. The basic engineering disciplines have evolved to multidisciplinary engineering branches that allow us to analyzed various solutions from different perspectives, let apply them together to find solutions for neurologic diseases.

By Jorge Garza-Ulloa

1.0. Introduction

This first chapter covers from the definition of concepts used in this book, to the evolution of basic disciplines to multidisciplinary engineering branches, making focus on: Mechatronics, Biomedical Engineering, and Biomechatronics fields. Then, the need to develop Biomechatronics solutions is deducted, based on how mechanics and electronics can interact with human skeleton, muscles, and nervous system to senses, organs, or limbs damaged by an injury, diseases, or birth defects. Afterward, an analysis of the advantages to have good methodologies for develop Biomechatronics solutions is explained based in Data Acquisition, Data Analysis, and steps to obtain mathematical models to represent behavior of the health problem under study, based in the Kinematics/kinetics of the human body to develop Biomechatronics Devices.

A brief study is being performed discussing most frequently human neurological diseases, identifying their need to propose Biomechatronics devices that can be applied to create solutions for human movements disorders, as their diagnosis confirmation, rehabilitation, and if it is possible their correction to help the patients improving their quality of life. To finish this chapter, the near future of Applied Biomechatronics using Mathematical Models are predicted based in the continuous evolution of software (Computer languages based in instructions and programs to perform specific operations in computers) and hardware (collection of all the computer physically parts) expected in the next few years.

Some suggested researches are added at the end of the chapter, with the intention to involve the students/researchers to understand the concepts explained, and reinforce their interest in this course.

1.1. The Evolution From Basic Disciplines of Engineering to Multidisciplinary Engineering Branches

The definition of Engineering is the application of mathematics, empirical evidence, and scientific in order to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research, and continue improving machines, tools, systems, components, materials, processes, structures with the purpose of make them more efficient.

Engineering was divided according with different applications, such as Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and others [1]. Wherein:

• • Chemical Engineering: defined as the application of physics, chemistry, biology in order to carry chemical processes on commercial scale, as petroleum refining, microfabrication, fermentation, and biomedical production.
• • Civil Engineering: covers the design and construction of private and public works, such as infrastructures (airports, roads, railways, water supply and treatment, etc.), bridges, dams, and buildings.
• • Electrical Engineering: for the design, study and manufacture of electric and electronic systems, which include electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronics devices, computer systems, etc.
• • Mechanical Engineering: for the design, study, and manufacture of physical/mechanical systems. To create from products such as engines, compressors, power trains, kinematic chains, vacuums, and many more.

Some years ago, the purpose of basic disciplines of engineering to study was very well-defined such as Mechanics, Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemical, and many more. But they were growing and some of them begin covering different fields, such as the following:

• • Mechanics evolved to Mechanical engineering: Mechanics studies the physical bodies when subjects to forces and displacement, dealing with physical energy and forces and their effects on objects. And, Mechanical engineering comprises the design, analysis and usage of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems. Today Mechanical engineering deals with a very vast field and encompasses various aspects and interdisciplinary including but not limited to power generation, manufacturing, aerospace, transportation, vehicle, energy, and so forth.
• • Mathematics evolved to Mathematical Engineering: Mathematics studies the measurements, properties and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols. The major divisions of Mathema...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Applied Biomechatronics Using Mathematical Models
• Dedication
• Thanks
• About the Author
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Introduction to biomechatronics/biomedical engineering
• Chapter 2: Introduction to human neuromusculoskeletal systems
• Chapter 3: Kinematic and kinetic measurements of human body
• Chapter 4: Experiment design, data acquisition and signal processing
• Chapter 5: Methods to develop mathematical models: traditional statistical analysis
• Chapter 6: Application of mathematical models in biomechatronics: artificial intelligence and time-frequency analysis
• Chapter 7: Case studies of applied Biomechatronics solutions based on mathematical models
• Index