Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook

Celeste M. Todaro, Henry C. Vogel

• Publisher: William Andrew
• Year: 2014
• ISBN:
  9781455730469
• Edition: 3
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

A complete reference for fermentation engineers engaged in commercial chemical and pharmaceutical production, Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook emphasizes the operation, development and design of manufacturing processes that use fermentation, separation and purification techniques. Contributing authors from companies such as Merck, Eli Lilly, Amgen and Bristol-Myers Squibb highlight the practical aspects of the processes—data collection, scale-up parameters, equipment selection, troubleshooting, and more. They also provide relevant perspectives for the different industry sectors utilizing fermentation techniques, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and biofuels.

New material in the third edition covers topics relevant to modern recombinant cell fermentation, mammalian cell culture, and biorefinery, ensuring that the book will remain applicable around the globe. It uniquely demonstrates the relationships between the synthetic processes for small molecules such as active ingredients, drugs and chemicals, and the biotechnology of protein, vaccine, hormone, and antibiotic production. This major revision also includes new material on membrane pervaporation technologies for biofuels and nanofiltration, and recent developments in instrumentation such as optical-based dissolved oxygen probes, capacitance-based culture viability probes, and in situ real-time fermentation monitoring with wireless technology. It addresses topical environmental considerations, including the use of new (bio)technologies to treat and utilize waste streams and produce renewable energy from wastewaters. Options for bioremediation are also explained.

• Fully updated to cover the latest advances in recombinant cell fermentation, mammalian cell culture and biorefinery, along with developments in instrumentation
• Industrial contributors from leading global companies, including Merck, Eli Lilly, Amgen, and Bristol-Myers Squibb
• Covers synthetic processes for both small and large molecules

Part I

Fermentation

Outline

Chapter 1 Fermentation Pilot Plant

Chapter 2 Mammalian Cell Culture System

Chapter 3 Bioreactors for Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cultures

Chapter 4 Nutritional Requirements in Fermentation Processes

Chapter 5 Fermentation for Biofuels and Bio-Based Chemicals

Chapter 1

Fermentation Pilot Plant

Yujiro Harada, Kuniaki Sakata, Seiji Sato and Shinsaku Takayama

The rapid development of biotechnology has impacted diverse sectors of the economy. Many industries are affected, including agricultural, bio-based chemicals, food processing, biological medicines, nutraceuticals, and biofuels. In order for current biotechnology research to continue revolutionizing industries, new processes must be developed to transform current research into viable market products. Specifically, attention must be directed toward the industrial processes of cultivation of cells, tissues, and microorganisms. Although several such processes already exist (e.g., r-DNA and cell fusion), more are needed and it is not even obvious which of the existing processes is best.

Keywords

Fermentation; cultivation; scale-up; bioreactor; pilot plant

Prologue

Yujiro Harada

The rapid development of biotechnology has impacted diverse sectors of the economy. Many industries are affected, including agricultural, bio-based chemicals, food processing, biological medicines, nutraceuticals, and bio-fuels. In order for current biotechnology research to continue revolutionizing industries, new processes must be developed to transform current research into viable market products. Specifically, attention must be directed toward the industrial processes of cultivation of cells, tissues, and microorganisms. Although several such processes already exist (e.g., r-DNA and cell fusion), more are needed and it is not even obvious which of the existing processes is best.

To develop the most cost-efficient process, scale-up data must be collected by repeating experiments at the bench and pilot scale level. These data must be extensive. Unfortunately, the collection is far more difficult than it would be in the chemical and petrochemical industries. The nature of working with living material makes contamination commonplace and reproducibility of data difficult to achieve. Such problems quickly distort the relevant scale-up factors.

In this chapter, three research scientists from Kyowa Kogyo Co. Ltd. (now Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Ltd.) have addressed the problems of experimentation and pilot scale-up for microorganisms, mammalian cells, plant cells, and tissue. It is our sincere hope that the reader will find this chapter helpful in determining the best conditions for cultivation and the collection of scale-up data. Hopefully, this knowledge will, in turn, facilitate the transformation of worthwhile research programs into commercially viable processes.

1.0 Microbial Fermentation

Kuniaki Sakato

Chemical engineers are still faced with problems regarding scale-up and microbial contamination in the fermentation of aerobic submerged cultures. Despite many advances in biochemical engineering to address these problems, the problems nevertheless persist. Recently, many advances have been made in the area of recombinant DNA, which themselves have spun off new and lucrative fields in the production of plant and animal pharmaceuticals. A careful study of this technology is therefore necessary, not only for the implementation of efficient fermentation processes, but also for compliance with official regulatory bodies.

There are several major topics to consider in scaling up laboratory processes to the industrial level. In general, scale-up is accomplished for a discrete system through laboratory and pilot scale operations. The steps involved can be broken down into seven topics that require some elaboration:

1. Strain improvements

2. Optimization of medium composition and cultural conditions such as pH and temperature

3. Oxygen supply required by cells to achieve the proper metabolic activities

4. Selection of an operative mode for culture process

5. Measurement of rheological properties of cultural broth

6. Modelling and formulation...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Dedication
• Copyright
• Preface to the Third Edition
• Preface to the Second Edition
• Preface to the First Edition
• In Memory of Henry C. Vogel
• List of Contributors
• Part I: Fermentation
• Part II: Equipment Design
• Part III: Recovery
• Part IV: Purification
• Part V: Plant Operations
• Index