Advanced Biofuels

Applications, Technologies and Environmental Sustainability

Kalam Abul Azad, Mohammad Rasul

• Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780081027929
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Energy

Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies, and Environmental Sustainability presents recent developments and applications of biofuels in the field of internal combustion engines, with a primary focus on the recent approaches of biodiesel applications, low emission alternative fuels, and environmental sustainability. Editors Dr. Azad and Dr. Rasul, along with their team of expert contributors, combine a collection of extensive experimental investigations on engine performance and emissions and combustion phenomena using different types of oxygenated fuel with in-depth research on fuel applications, an analysis of available technologies and resources, energy efficiency improvement methods, and applications of oxygenated fuel for the sustainable environment.

Academics, researchers, engineers and technologists will develop a greater understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to the global issues related to achieving alternative energy application for future energy security, as well as environmental sustainability in medium and large-scale industries.

• Fills a gap in the literature on alternative fuel applications with in-depth research and experimental investigations of different approaches, technologies and applications
• Considers the important issue of sustainability using case studies to deepen understanding
• Includes energy security within various industries, including aviation and transport

Section III

Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics

Outline

Chapter 9. Studies on pongamia oil methyl ester fueled direct injection diesel engine to increase efficiency and to reduce harmful emissions

Chapter 10. Effect of antioxidant additives on oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission reduction from annona biodiesel operated diesel engine

Chapter 11. Investigation on the effect of butanol isomers with gasoline on spark ignition engine characteristics

Chapter 12. Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of DI diesel engine using mahua biodiesel

Chapter 13. Investigation of diesel engine in cylinder flow phenomena using CFD cold flow simulation

Chapter 14. Biodiesel-diesel-alcohol blend as an alternative fuel for DICI diesel engine

Chapter 9

Studies on pongamia oil methyl ester fueled direct injection diesel engine to increase efficiency and to reduce harmful emissions

M. Prabhahar¹, Mostafa Kiani Deh Kiani², K. Bhaskar³, S. Sendilvelan⁴, S. Prakash¹, and L.R. Sassykova^{5 1}Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Chennai, India ²Biosystem Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran ³Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India ⁴Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India ⁵Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract

The present work investigates the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine using biodiesel (Pongamia methyl ester) with three different blends by varying the nozzle opening pressures and analyzed the effect of diethyl ether blends at different loading conditions. It was observed that the nozzle opening pressure at 220 bar showed a slight reduction in the brake thermal efficiency by around 5.3% while a 25.7% reduction in exhaust smoke level with a 7.2% increase in oxides of nitrogen concentration at the rated power output was noticed. The results also showed a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and smoke emissions for neat biodiesel with 10% DEE blend when compared with neat biodiesel at the rated power output conditions with DEE blends at the rated power output. Decrease was found in peak pressure and heat release rate, as well as ignition delay. Further, the effect of the thermal barrier coating on the piston crown with a ceramic material (TiO₂) of about 0.5 mm, by plasma spray method was also analyzed. The results of this analysis revealed an improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and the brake-specific energy consumption as compared with B20 fuel engine at the rated power output. It was concluded that biodiesel with 10% DEE blend showed better results with respect to efficiency and emissions as compared with the biodiesel with 220 bar nozzle opening pressure. Further, it was also found that the TiO₂ ceramic coating could be applied successfully without requiring any modifications in the engine with marginal reduction in the performance and significant decrease in the harmful emissions.

Keywords

Biodiesel; Diethyl ether; Emission reduction; Performance; Pongamia methyl ester; Titanium oxide

1. 9.1 Introduction
2. 9.2 Vegetable oil as fuel and its properties
3. 9.3 Biodiesel
4. 9.4 Material and methods
   1. 9.4.1 Uses of pongam tree

1. 9.5 Transesterification
2. 9.6 Chemical composition of pongamia oil
3. 9.7 Experimental setup
4. 9.8 Result and discussion
5. 9.9 Tests with pongamia methyl ester blends with diesel
   1. 9.9.1 Peak cylinder pressure
   2. 9.9.2 The maximum rate of pressure rise
   3. 9.9.3 Peak heat release rate
   4. 9.9.4 Ignition delay
   5. 9.9.5 Combustion duration
   6. 9.9.6 Brake thermal efficiency
   7. 9.9.7 Brake-specific energy consumption
   8. 9.9.8 Exhaust gas temperature
   9. 9.9.9 Carbon monoxide emission
   10. 9.9.10 Hydrocarbon emission
   11. 9.9.11 Nitrogen oxide emission
   12. 9.9.12 Smoke emission
   13. 9.10.1 Peak cylinder pressure
   14. 9.10.2 The maximum rate of pressure rise
   15. 9.10.3 Peak heat release rate
   16. 9.10.4 Ignition delay
   17. 9.10.5 Combustion duration
   18. 9.10.6 Brake thermal efficiency
   19. 9.10...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Biographies of the editors
• Preface
• Section I. Feedstocks
• Section II. Production
• Section III. Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics
• Section IV. Applications
• Index