Trends in Personalized Nutrition

Charis M. Galanakis

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780128172650
• Topic: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Subtopic: Lebensmittelwissenschaft

Trends in Personalized Nutrition explores the topic of personalized nutrition from multiple angles, addressing everything from consumer acceptance, to policies and cognitive dissonance. Sections in the book cover epigenetics, nutrigenomics, predicting glycemic response, and metabolomics and the role of bacteria. In addition, the book explores diet, obesity and personalized nutrition for athletes, women, and infants and children, along with a section on the role of modern technology in the promotion of personalized nutrition. Nutritionists, food technologists, food chemists, new product developers, academics, and researchers and physicians working in the field of nutrition will find this to be a great reference.

• Addresses consumer acceptance, policies and cognitive dissonance in nutrition
• Discusses epigenetics, nutrigenomics, how to predict glycemic response, and metabolomics and the role of bacteria
• Explores diet and obesity
• Considers personalized nutrition for athletes, women, infants and children
• Contemplates the role of modern technology in personalized nutrition

Section C

Policy and Commercialization of Personalized Nutrition

Outline

• Chapter 9 Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition
• Chapter 10 Personalized Nutrition: Making It Happen
• Chapter 11 Personalized Nutrition Education to the Adherence to Dietary and Physical Activity Recommendations
• Chapter 12 Personalized Expert Recommendation Systems for Optimized Nutrition

Chapter 9

Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition

Zoltán Szakály, András Fehér and Marietta Kiss, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Abstract

The efforts made to decrease the occurrence of nutrition-related diseases over the last few decades have not been effective. A move from population-based nutrition guidance toward personalized nutrition (including nutrigenomics) may offer a new way of changing nutrition habits, but it still awaits widespread consumer acceptance, despite the mainly positive consumer attitudes toward the concept itself. Consumer acceptance of personalized nutrition will eventually depend on the interplay of its perceived benefits and risks. The main drivers of consumer acceptance are an increasing knowledge of the relationship between genes and nutrition; being personally affected by nutrition-related diseases; the greater efficiency, enjoyment, and comprehensibility of personalized nutrition advice when compared with generalized recommendations; and the current marketing trend toward individualization. However, acceptance is hindered by, among other things, consumers’ privacy concerns, their fears related to the results of nutrigenomics tests, and the high costs of these tests.

Keywords

Consumer acceptance; consumer attitudes; genetic testing; nutrigenomics; personalized nutrition

Outline

• Introduction 226
• Concept, Areas, and Applications of Personalized Nutrition 226
• Consumer Judgment of Personalized Nutrition and Nutrigenomics 228
• Factors Influencing the Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition 230
  • Consumer Doubts About the Protection of Personal Data and Information (Privacy Risk) 232
  • Nature of Personalized Nutrition Advice 235
  • Availability and Reliability of Information 236
  • Interrelationships Between Genes and Nutrition 237
  • Demographic Factors 237
  • Being Personally Affected 238
  • Prevention of Diseases 238
  • Health Conscious Lifestyle 238
  • Consumers’ Information Processing 239
  • Convenience Function and Time Factor 239
  • Costs 240
  • The Nature of Different Foods 240
• Comprehensive Models of Factors Influencing the Consumer Acceptance of Genetic-Based Personalized Nutrition 241
• Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition in Central Europe: The Case of Hungary 245
• The Future of Personalized Nutrition 250
• References 253

Introduction

Efforts made to develop nutrition habits over the last few decades have not been too effective: in developed countries people still eat too much saturated fat, added sugar and salt, and not enough vegetables, fruits, and fish. As a result the prevalence of diseases related to nutrition is increasing. Worldwide noncommunicable diseases currently account for 71% of mortality (the equivalent of 41 million people each year) (WHO, 2018a), and according to the predictions of the World Health Organization, they will represent 60% of the disease burden and over 73% of mortality in 2020 (WHO, 2018b). Chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and malignant diseases impose an increasing burden on health care systems (Bouwman et al., 2005; Ghosh, 2014); at the same time, up to 80% of chronic diseases could be prevented through improvements in diet and lifestyle (Fallaize, Macready, Butler, Ellis, & Lovegrove, 2013). This creates the need to develop new, more effective strategies to change nutrition habits (Bouwman et al., 2005; Fallaize et al., 2013) and to move individuals toward healthier nutrition. Part of this can occur through a move from population-based nutrition guidance toward personalized nutrition (Fallaize et al., 2013). By benefiting public health, personalized nutrition reduces health care costs (Lewis & Burton-Freeman, 2010; van Trijp & Ronteltap, 2007); if adopted widely, it holds the potential to reduce them by as much as 13% (Marsh & McLennan Co., 2014). Therefore the European Commission aims to make personalized diets widely accessible by 2050 (Bock et al., 2014; EC, 2014).

Concept, Areas, and Applications of Personalized Nutrition

There are substantial interindividual variations in response to dietary interventions (Beckett, Jones, Veysey, & Lucock, 2017; de Roos, 2013; Hesketh, Wybranska, Dommels, & King, 2006) that suggest that the currently dominant “one-size-fits-all” approach is inadequate (Fallaize et al., 2013). Personalized nutrition is the answer to individual differences by attempting to adjust individual diet to specific individual and situational needs, and providing optimal customized nutrition for the individual (Boland, 2008).

The concept of personalized nutrition is, however, not without precedent, as it has been known about since the 1970s (Nizel, 1972). Based on age or particular physiological status, special nutrition recommendations for various individuals such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, athletes, etc. have existed for a long time. Beside this, people with allergic or chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes) also need special diets (de Roos, 2013; Fallaize et al., 2013; Kussmann & Fay, 2008). However, since the end of Human Genome Project in 2003 (Collins, Morgan, & Patrinos, 2003) the understanding of the complex interactions between genes and environmental factors, such as nutrition, has been improved significantly (Fallaize et al., 2013), providing a new impetus and new direction to development.

Although several researchers (e.g., Bouwman, te Molde...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Section A: Insights of Personalized Nutrition
• Section B: Applications of Personalized Nutrition
• Section C: Policy and Commercialization of Personalized Nutrition
• Index