Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan brings together specialists of the European Bronze and Iron Age and the Japanese Yayoi and Kofun periods for the first time to discuss burial mounds in a comparative context. The book aims to strengthen knowledge of Japanese archaeology in Europe and vice versa. The papers demonstrate many methodological and interpretive commonalities in the archaeology of burial mounds in Japan and Europe and provide a series of state-of-the-art case studies highlighting many different aspects of burial mound research in both regions. Topics addressed by both European and Japanese specialists include research histories, excavation methods, origins and development of graves with burial mounds, the relationship of burial mounds to settlements and landscape, and above all administrative power and ritual.

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Yes, you can access Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan by Thomas Knopf,Werner Steinhaus,Shin’ya FUKUNAGA in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Scienze sociali & Archeologia. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.

Information

Publisher

Archaeopress Archaeology

Year

2018

ISBN

9781789690088

Topic

Scienze sociali

Subtopic

Archeologia

Cover
Title Page
Contents Page
List of Figures
Figure 1. Japan map (political map) (Werner Steinhaus; DesignEXchange, license Nr. 10861983)
Figure 1. Daisen mounded tomb (Daisen kofun; Nintoku-tennō-ryō, also known as the grave of Emperor Nintoku), 486 m; mid/2nd half 5th century AD, Ōsaka prefecture (photo: Werner Steinhaus)
Figure 1. Burial places of the Hallstatt period in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria (black outline). The size of the points correlates with the number of burial mounds
Figure 2. Diameter and height of neighbouring burial mounds in meadow and arable land in Grabenstetten/Erkenbrechtsweiler, Baden-Wuerttemberg (data after Kurz 1998: 14 Figure 3)
Figure 3. Müllheim-Dattingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg. The burials are clearly centered around mounds completely vanished today (after Alt et al. 1995: 283 Figure 1)
Figure 4. Phasing of activities at burial places with graves dating to the Hallstatt period in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria⤀
Figure 5. Trenching (A) and sectioning (B), two excavation techniques already known in the 17th century (after Stemmermann 1934, XX Figure 29, after Joh. Dan. Major, Bevölkertes Cimbrien, 1692)
Figure 6. The tunnel system of O. Fraas in the ‘Kleinaspergle’ near Asperg, Baden-Wuerttemberg (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Foto: Hendrik Zwietasch, Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart)
Figure 8. Example of the illustrations in the splendid publication on the graves from Tannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg. Note the differences in scale between the excavation plan and the find drawings which are a clear indicator where the emphasis lay (after G
Figure 9. Burial places of special significance for the interpretation of Hallstatt burial customs in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria. Not yet fully published places are marked as empty circles. The cemeteries discussed in the present paper are shown in re
Figure 10. Aerial image of the central chamber of the ‘Magdalenenberg’ near Villingen-Schwenningen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, during excavation (after Spindler 1980: plate 15b)
Figure 11. System of trenches for excavating the ‘Magdalenenberg’ near Villingen-Schwenningen, Baden-Wuerttemberg (after Spindler 1980: 128 Figure 4)
Figure 12. Excavation technique employed for the ‘Magdalenenberg’ near Villingen-Schwenningen, Baden-Wuerttemberg (after Spi dler 1980: 130 Figure 5)
Figure 13. Kallmünz-Schirndorf, Bavaria. Excavation situation of burial mound 192 and its surrounding. Note the trolley tracks in the left half of the picture (after Stroh 2000: plate 78,2)
Figure 14. Kallmünz-Schirndorf, Bavaria. Complete plan (extracted from Stroh 1979; 1988; 2000a; 2000b)
Figure 15. Aerial image of the excavation of the ‘princely’ burial mound of Eberdingen-Hochdorf, Baden-Wuerttemberg (after Biel 1985b: 40 Figure 32)
Figure 16. Excavation situation of the central chamber of the ‘princely’ burial mound of Eberdingen-Hochdorf, Baden-Wurttemberg (after Stork 1985: 53 Figure 51)
Table 1. The development of Kofun period research and its social background (Tatsuo NAKAKUBO)
Figure 1. Gamō Kunpei and the Bunkyū Repairs (A, B: SHINOHARA 2005; C, D: TOIKE [ed.] 2005; E: Kunaichō shoryōbu 1999)
Figure 2. The order of keyhole-shaped tombs with round rear mound (the Keyhole Tomb Order; TSUDE 1991)
Figure 3. The excavation of the Samuraizuka mounded tombs by MITO Mitsukuni (after SHINBO 2008)
Figure 4. The Mozu-Furuichi mounded tomb group and imperial mausolea (A: Sakai-shi 2016; B, C: provided by the Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology; D: photo taken by Tatsuo NAKAKUBO; E: provided by KISHIMOTO Michiaki; F: photo taken by Tatsuo NAK
Figure 5. The number of annual excavations in Japan (after Bunkachō bunkazaibu kinenbutsuka 2016)
Figure 6. The academic excavation of the Nagaoyama mounded tomb (1) (FUKUNAGA, NAKAKUBO 2015)
Figure 7. The academic excavation of the Nagaoyama mounded tomb (2) (FUKUNAGA, NAKAKUBO 2015)
Figure 8. The rescue excavation of the Kurazuka mounded tomb (Ōsaka fu bunkazai chōsa kenkyū sentā 1998)
Figure 1. Early Bronze Age stone mound from Kivik, Bredaör (Sweden), drawing from 1760. © Antikvarisk-topografiska arkivet, Stockholm
Figure 2. Early Bronze Age tree trunk coffins from Trindhøj (Denmark), drawing by J. Kornerup 1861. © Nationalmuseets Kobenhavn, Denmark
Figure 3. Excavation scene of late Bronze Age burial mound from Seddin (Germany), photograph from 1899. © Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin, Germany
Figure 4. Late Neolithic wooden burial chamber from Nordhausen (Germany). © Thüringisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie, Weimar, Germany
Figure 5. Chronological system of the European Bronze Age. © Bérenger, D. / Chr. Grünewald (eds.), Westfalen in der Bronzezeit (Münster 2008)
Figure 7. Late Bronze Age burial mounds with keyhole shaped ditches from Nordrheda-Ems, Stadt Rheda-Wiedenbrück (Germany). © LWL-Archäologie für Westfalen/R. Meyer
Figure 1. Regions and geographic name (Hisashi NOJIMA)
Figure 2. Transition of the burial mounds in the Middle Yayoi period (Hisashi NOJIMA)
Figure 3. Burial mounds of the San’in region and surrounding areas in the Middle Yayoi period (NOJIMA 2015)
Figure 4. Satadao burial mound No. 3 (Hisashi NOJIMA)
Figure 5. The differences of the mound constructing technique (NOJIMA 2015)
Figure 6. Transition of the Satadani-Satadao burial mounds (Hisashi NOJIMA)
Figure 7. Change of the funeral rituals (Hisashi NOJIMA)
Figure 9. Wooden chamber of the Nishidani no.3 burial mound (WATANABE and SAKAMOTO 2015)
Figure 10. Transition of the burial mounds in the Yayoi period (Hisashi NOJIMA)
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Figure 1. ‘Opinion scape’ referring to the sociopolitical classification of Hallstatt society. The positions of various researchers are arranged according to their assessment of social stratification and stability (graphic: W. Schier)
Figure 2. The sociopolitical typologies of the American neo-evolutionist school of Cultural Anthropology. The arrows indicate the approximate correspondence of the four stages in each model (graphic W. Schier)
Figure 3. (a) Cultural Anthropology: societies of varying degree of stratification/vertical differentiation (A medium – B low – C high) observed in the ethnographical present are projected into an evolutionary sequence (b); (c) Prehistoric archaeology sta
Figure 4. (a) Gold torcs, bracelets, earrings and bowl made from sheet gold from princely grave at Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt (Rieckhoff/Biel 2001); (b) Sphinx made of bone with inlaid amber face, princely grave Grafenbühl (Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg) (W
Figure 5. Schematic model for the interplay of factors affecting the recognizability of social structure from the archaeological record (graphic: W. Schier)
Figure 6. (a) Stone statue, Hallstatt mound of Hirschlanden (Baden-Württemberg) (Welt der Kelten 2012: Figure 287); (b) Male from Yemen, wearing traditional costume and dagger (photo: W. Schier, 1987); (c) Stone statue, princely grave near Glauberg (Hes
Figure 8. Burial mound near to the hill-fort Glauberg (Hessen). The mound 1, containing a lavishly equipped male burial who seems to be depicted in a stone statue, formerly placed on top of the mound (Figure 6c), was surrounded by a circular ditch. A stra
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Social Stratification and the Formation of Mounded Tombs
Figure 1. Model of the social ranking system in the Early Kofun period
Figure 2. Wei Dynasty Chinese mirrors (FUKUNAGA 1996: Figure 67)
Figure 3. Model of the social ranking and stratification system in the Middle Kofun period
Figure 4. Oblong-chest-shaped stone coffin (nagamochigata sekkan) (Nara Kenritsu Kashihara Kōkogaku Kenkyūjo 1959: Plate 25)
Figure 5. Iron armor in the 5th century (SUENAGA 1934: adapted from Figure 7 on page 23)
Figure 6. Model of the social ranking and stratification system in the Late Kofun period
Figure 7. Corridor-style burial stone chamber with horizontal side entrance (Ōsaka furitsu Chikatsu Asuka hakubutsukan 2007; adapted from Figure 4, page 20)
Figure 8. Hierarchy as evidenced by grave goods (NIIRO 1983)
Figure 9. Horse trappings in the 6th century (Shimane kenritsu Yakumo Tatsu Fudoki no oka shiryōkan 1996; adapted from figure on page 39)
Figure 1. Location of case studies mentioned in the above chapters: (1) Stonehenge (Wiltshire, England/UK); (2) Tatihou Island (Dept Manche, Normandy/FR); (3) Southern Jutland (DK); (4) Renkum (Gelderland/NL)
Figure 2. (a) Overview of barrows in the Stonehenge environs (Wiltshire, England/UK), the clustered ones (‘cemeteries’) bei g framed; (b) Stonehenge viewshed. A noticeable number of monuments (red dots) seems to be sited near the edges of the viewshed (sh
Figure 3. Farmsteads and field divisions at Tatihou island (Dept Manche, Normady/FR). A funerary area is attributed to every armstead in a distance of 125m (farmstead 1) or 150m (farmstead 2) (after: Marcigny 2012)
Figure 4. (a) Barrow lines defined on the basis of all prehistoric mounds within the area of investigation in Southern Jutland (DK), and the distribution of Early Bronze Age sites relevant in the study; (b) Distribution of different types of gold artefact
Figure 5. Long alignment of barrows at Renkum (Gelderland/NL). At least 12 barrows of the Renkum alignment date in the Late Neolithic period. Assuming that all barrows were built within heath vegetation (as has been proven in four cases), it is likely tha
Figure 1. The Japanese archipelago and tectonic plate boundaries (Akira SEIKE)
Figure 2. The topography of the Okayama Plain and the distribution of Early Kofun-period tombs (Akira SEIKE)
Figure 3. The distribution of paramount kingly tombs in the Early Kofun period (Akira SEIKE)
Figure 4. The distribution of paramount kingly tombs in the Middle Kofun period (Akira SEIKE)
Figure 5. The route from the Korean peninsula to the Kinai region (Akira SEIKE; map license C. Funck)
Figure 6. The Zōzan mounded tomb and the San’yōdō (after Okayama-shi kyōiku iinkai 2014)
Figure 7. The location of kingly tombs built according to topomantic principles (Akira SEIKE)
Figure 8. Topomancy and the Kengoshizuka mounded tomb (after Asukamura kyōiku iinkai bunkazaika 2013)
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Figure 1. Distribution of the so-called ‘princely seats’ in the Late Hallstatt period (second half of the 6th century BC; red marked). Orange marked are hilltop settlements, which gain importance in the Early La Tène period (map: K. Rothe, Kiel, with add
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Figure 3. Reconstruction of the burial of Kappel am Rhein (mound 3), around 620 BC (Ha D1); (M. Ober/RGZM, in: Dehn et al. 2005: 219, Figure 102)
Figure 4a. Reconstruction of the ‘princely grave’ of Eberdingen-Hochdorf, around 540 BC (Hallstatt D2). The deceased man was uried in a 4.7 x 4.7m wooden chamber protected by stone packing on a klinē. Next to the klinē was placed a bronze cauldron from G
Figure 4b. ‘Princely grave’ of Eberdingen-Hochdorf: the grave goods and the deceased were covered with cloth. (Illustration: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttgart/Banck-Burgess1999: 27, Figure 4)
Figure 5. View from the north to the south over the Breisacher Münsterberg; in the west the Rhine. (Photo: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttgart, O. Braasch)
Figure 6. The Breisacher Münsterberg and possible associated burial mounds and cemeteries outside the Rhine zone (map: D. Mischka)
Figure 7. Burial mounds in the vicinity of the Heuneburg (selection) (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege in RP Stuttgart / Krausse 2008: 438, Figure 3)
Figure 8. Vix/Mont Lassois: plan of the hilltop settlement, the fortifications, the burial mounds and the ‘sanctuary’; blue: U nfield culture; red: Late Hallstatt period; green: Late La Tène period (after B. Chaume, in: Vix (Côte-d’Or), une résidence p in
Figure 10. Look into the Ha D3 burial chamber of the ‘Princess’ of Vix reconstructed in the Musée du Pays Châtillonnais / Trésor de Vix (Musée du Pays châtillonnais – Trésor de Vix/in: Vix (Côte-d’Or), une résidence princière au temps de la splendeur d‘At
Figure 9. Mont Lassois: Magnetogram of the ‘Mont Saint Marcel’. Emphasized are trenches (green) and buildings as well as pits (red) (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttgart (H. von der Osten-Woldenburg)/Die Welt der Kelten 2012: 133, Figure 14 )
Figure 11. The Hohenasperg north of Stuttgart (photo: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttgart, O. Braasch)
Figure 12. ‘Princely graves’ in the vicinity of the Hohenasperg (graphic: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttgart: C. Nübold/I. Balzer)
Figure 13. Bourges: settlements (black dots and circles, red-colored spur), pits (yellow) and graves and cemeteries (cross and red circular and triangular signatures) (Milcent 2010: 416 Figure 1)
Figure 14. The Ipf near Bopfingen: digital terrain model. The multi-staggered fortification facility is clearly recognizable. The lowest fortification line includes a water source. (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttgart/Krause 2015: 81, Figure 50)⤀
Figure 15. Plan with the two hilltop settlements Ipf and Goldberg as well as the burial mounds (red) and the so-called enclosed rectangular farmsteads or enclosures (Rechteckhöfe) (blue) situated in between. (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege im RP Stuttga t/Kr
Figure 16. Glauburg-Glauberg: burial mound 1 and surroundings (Keltenwelt am Glauberg/Baitinger and Herrmann 2014 with additions by I. Balzer)
Figure 17. Glauburg-Glauberg: graves 1 and 2 from burial mound 1 with mapping of textile analyzes (blue: dyestuff analyzes; green: fiber analyzes) as well as plan and grave from burial mound 2 (illustration, left: Keltenwelt am Glauberg: Balzer/Peek/Va de
Figure 18. Glauburg-Glauberg: Iron Age monuments (dark gray: ramparts; light gray: ditches) which are visible as well as the ones recognized by geophysics. The excavation zones (hatched areas) as well as field surveys (black dots) by the Institute for Pre
Figure 19. Plan of the Uetliberg (Zuerich) with the fortifications at the Uto-Kulm (5-7), Aegerten Terrace (3), Schwendenholz/Sunnenbuel (2) and the burial mound Sonnenbühl (1) (after Drack 1981: 2, with emphasized parts)
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Figure 1. The extent of the Kinki hegemony manifested in the distribution of keyhole-shaped mounded tombs (MATSUGI 1998)
Figure 2. The distribution of settlements across the okayama plain in central Kibi (MATSUGI 2010, partly changed)
Figure 3. The Hashihaka mounded tomb and the distribution of smaller copies at the beginning of the Kofun period (FUKUNAGA 201, partly changed)
Figure 4. The temporal and spatial distribution of large mounded tombs in the Kinki region (based on SHIRAISHI 2013)
Figure 5. The Tatetsuki burial mound (KONDŌ 1992, KONDŌ 1997; partly changed)
Figure 6. Changes in the number of pit houses from each area of the Okayama plain during the Kofun period (MATSUGI 2010)
Figure 7. (a) Communal cemetery consisting of a crowded group of wooden coffins at the Arimoto site (OGŌ 1998); (b) Small mounded tombs holding up to several wooden coffins at the Arimoto site (OGŌ 1997)
Figure 8. A series of small mounded tombs (including keyhole-shaped tombs with square rear mound) (Nanatsuguro kofun gun hakkutsu chōsadan 1987; partly changed)
Figure 9. Three keyhole-shaped tombs with round rear mound and numerous series of smaller mounded tombs at lower elevations at Mount Miwa in Kibi (HIRAI 1982; partly changed)
Figure 2. Conventional Central European Early Iron Age chronology (diagram by author)
Figure 4. Hallstatt C swords in southwest Germany, eastern France and northwest Switzerland according to Kurz 1997 and Gerdsen 1986
Figure 5. Hallstatt C swords in south and southwest Germany according to Müller-Scheeßel 2013
Figure 6. Hallstatt C swords in south and southwest Germany according to Gerdsen 1986
Figure 8A–C. Hallstatt C swords, horse gear, wagon or wagon parts and tumuli on the Franconian Jura (after Gerdsen 1986)
Figure 10A–C. Hallstatt C swords, horse gear, wagon or wagon parts and tumuli in eastern France (after Gerdsen 1986)
Figure 9A–C. Hallstatt C swords, horse gear, wagon or wagon parts and tumuli on the Swabian Jura (after Gerdsen 1986)
Figure 11A–C. Hallstatt C swords, horse gear, wagon or wagon parts and tumuli in Central Europe (after Gerdsen 1986)
Figure 1. Short term dating and long term dating of the Yayoi period; from 10th century BC to 3rd century AD (NOJIMA 2014)
Figure 2. Spread of the imported cast ironware in the Yayoi period; from the last third of the Early Yayoi period to the middle third of the Middle Yayoi period (NOJIMA 2009a)
Figure 3. Elaborate luxury wooden ware from the Aoya-Kamijichi site, Tottori prefecture (CHAYA et al. 2009)
Figure 4. Spread of iron long swords in the Yayoi period on the Japanese islands (NOJIMA 2009a)
Figure 5. Iron single-edged long sword along coastline of the Sea of Japan (NOJIMA 2009a)
Figure 6. Relationships among the different sources of power in chiefly power strategies (Earle 1987)
Figure 1. Regional variation of ritual bronze objects (1st to 2nd centuries BC) (MATSUGI Takehiko 1998)
Figure 2. Distribution of the two major types of ritual bronze objects and burial mounds (2nd century AD) (Okayama kenritsu hakubutsukan 2011)
Figure 3. Distribution of single- and double-edged iron swords in the Late Yayoi and Final Yayoi to Initial Kofun periods (1st to early 3rd centuries AD) (Kokuritsu rekishi minzoku hakubutsukan 1996)
Figure 4. Distribution of keyhole-shaped mounded tombs with round and square rear mound in the Final Yayoi to the Initial Kofun periods (early 3rd century AD) (Okayama kenritsu hakubutsukan 2011)
Figure 1. Aerial photograph of the Heuneburg in winter with the Danube in the foreground (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; photo: O. Braasch)
Figure 2. Schematic sequence of the Hallstatt period structural phases on the hilltop plateau (after Kurz 2007)
Figure 4. Thanks to the excellent preservation conditions traces of a wooden bridge were visible beneath the northern tip of the plateau (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart)
Figure 5. Aerial view of the gatehouse. The cross walls reduced the width to 2.5 m (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; photo: O. Braasch)
Figure 6. Reconstruction of the gatehouse protecting the entrance to the lower town (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; graphic: Faber Courtial)
Figure 7. Following the destruction of the mudbrick wall buildings on the hilltop plateau were more loosely scattered and occupation in the lower town was denser (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; graphic: Faber Courtial)
Figure 8. The four monumental tumuli of Gießübel-Talhau were erected over the remains of the outer settlement (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; graphic: Faber Courtial)
Figure 10. Numerous Hallstatt period cemeteries are known within several kilometres of the Heuneburg (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; graphic: Ch. Steffen and I. Kretschmer)
Figure 12. Reconstruction of the wooden burial chamber of Grave 6 at Hohmichele (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; graphic: M. Steffen)
Figure 13. Gold fibulae and gold pendants from the girl’s grave of the Bettelbühl necropolis (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; photo: Y. Mühleis)
Figure 14. By frosty temperatures in December 2010 the 80 tonne ‘Keltenblock’ is recovered (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; photo: O. Braasch)
Figure 15. Strap earring with carefully decorated visible face and gold pendant (copyright LAD im RP Stuttgart; photo: Y. Mühleis)
Figure 1. Regional symbols in the Late Yayoi period (FUKUNAGA 2005)
Figure 2. Chinese-made deity-and-beast mirrors of the 3rd century (after TOMIOKA 1920)
Figure 3. The size and shape of the Hashihaka mounded tomb (FUKUNAGA Shin’ya)
Figure 4. The earliest major keyhole-shaped mounded tombs of western Japan (FUKUNAGA 2005)
Figure 5. Regional hierarchies of the earliest keyhole-shaped mounded tombs of the Kofun period (FUKUNAGA Shin’ya)
Figure 6. The ratio of large and small bronze mirrors by prefecture (FUKUNAGA Shin’ya)
Figure 1. The mound as symbol: LiDAR image of the ‘Marching Bears’ group of effigy mounds at the Effigy Mounds National Monume t in Iowa, USA (Image courtesy of US National Parks Service)
Figure 2. The mound in use: (above) Araucanian mound of Rehuekuel in southern Chile, within a hilltop enclosure of earth-sculpted rings: C14 dates place the foundation of the mound c. AD 1200 (Photo: Tom D. Dillehay); (below) the cosmology of the Araucani
Figure 3. The mound on high: Cairn F of the Carrowkeel cemetery of Neolithic passage tombs in western Ireland (photo: Stefan Bergh)
Figure 4. Mori-shōgunzuka mounded tomb (end of the 4th century AD); a reconstructed keyhole-shaped tomb with round rear mound, paving stones and haniwa, at Chikumachi, Nagano prefecture, Japan (photo: Werner Steinhaus)
Figure 1. The location of the Yukinoyama mounded tomb (after Yukinoyama kofun hakkutsu chōsadan 1996: plate 2.1.)
Figure 2. The shape of the mounded tomb (after Yukinoyama kofun hakkutsu chōsadan 1996: 43, Figure 37)
Figure 3. The types of burial facilities of the Kofun period (Naoya UEDA)
Figure 4. The pit-style stone burial chamber (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 5. A diagram of the burial facility (Naoya UEDA)
Figure 6. A triangular-rimmed deity-and-beast mirror (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 7. Jasper/green-tuff objects (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 8. The iron helmet and leather quiver (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 9. Bronze arrowheads (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 1. The location of the Nonaka mounded tomb (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 2. The layout of the grave goods. Reconstruction of westernmost four wooden boxes represented in gray. Each cuirass is marked by a circled number (after KITANO 1976; Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 3. A selection of iron armor uncovered from the Nonaka tomb (Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)
Figure 5. Line drawings of artifacts; left: visored iron helmets; right: gilt bronze helmet ornaments (after KITANO 1976; Ōsaka University Department of Archaeology)