Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites

Chingiz Hajiyev, Halil Ersin Soken

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780815369813
• eBook ISBN: 9781351248815
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Small satellites use commercial off-the-shelf sensors and actuators for attitude determination and control (ADC) to reduce the cost. These sensors and actuators are usually not as robust as the available, more expensive, space-proven equipment. As a result, the ADC system of small satellites is more vulnerable to any fault compared to a system for larger competitors. This book aims to present useful solutions for fault tolerance in ADC systems of small satellites. The contents of the book can be divided into two categories: fault tolerant attitude filtering algorithms for small satellites and sensor calibration methods to compensate the sensor errors. MATLAB® will be used to demonstrate simulations.

• Presents fault tolerant attitude estimation algorithms for small satellites with an emphasis on algorithms' practicability and applicability
• Incorporates fundamental knowledge about the attitude determination methods at large
• Discusses comprehensive information about attitude sensors for small satellites
• Reviews calibration algorithms for small satellite magnetometers with simulated examples
• Supports theory with MATLAB simulation results which can be easily understood by individuals without a comprehensive background in this field
• Covers up-to-date discussions for small satellite attitude systems design

Dr. Chingiz Hajiyev is a professor at the Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Istanbul Technical University (Istanbul, Turkey).

Dr. Halil Ersin Soken is an assistant professor at the Aerospace Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University (Ankara, Turkey).

1 Attitude Parameters

In his theorem, Leonhard Euler, a Swiss mathematician and physicist, states that “the most general displacement of a rigid body with one fixed point is a rotation about some axis” [1]. To represent this rotation uniquely, at least three parameters are needed. However, there is not a single certain technique to achieve that and one of several representation methods may be used. In many of these techniques, one has to work with more than three parameters.

There are four presented attitude representation methods in this chapter, which are Euler angles, quaternions (or Euler symmetric parameters), Gibbs vector and modified Rodrigues parameters (MRPs). Euler angles and quaternions are commonly used ones for spacecraft attitude representation among them, whereas Gibbs vector and MRPs, which are derived from quaternions, are especially favorable in attitude filtering. Which one of these four representation methods ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Author Biographies
• Chapter 1: Attitude Parameters
• Chapter 2: Mathematical Models for Small Satellite Attitude Dynamics and Kinematics
• Chapter 3: Attitude Sensors
• Chapter 4: Attitude Sensor Measurement Models
• Chapter 5: Attitude Determination Using Two Vector Measurements – TRIAD Method
• Chapter 6: Statistical Methods for Three-axis Attitude Determination
• Chapter 7: Kalman Filtering
• Chapter 8: Adaptive Kalman Filtering
• Chapter 9: Kalman Filtering for Small Satellite Attitude Estimation
• Chapter 10: Integration of Single-Frame Methods with Filtering Algorithms for Attitude Estimation
• Chapter 11: Active Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation
• Chapter 12: Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation: R-Adaptation Methods
• Chapter 13: Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation: Q-Adaptation Methods
• Chapter 14: Integration of R- and Q-Adaptation Methods
• Chapter 15: In-Orbit Calibration of Small Satellite Magnetometers: Batch Calibration Algorithms
• Chapter 16: In-Orbit Calibration of Small Satellite Magnetometers: Recursive Calibration Algorithms
• Index