BUDDHISM
Waz dunket dich, daz dich aller meist gefûeget have zuo der ewigen w
rheit? Daz ist, daz ich mich gel
zen h
n w
ich mich vant.
(Meister Eckhart, Pfeiffer p. 467)
Daz der ungetribenen menschen ist ein griuse, daz ist dem getribenen ein herzenfröide. Ez is nieman gotes r
che wan der ze grunde t
t ist.
( Meister Eckhart, Pfeiffer p. 600)
INTRODUCTION
The more superficially one studies Buddhism, the more it seems to differ from the Brahmanism in which it originated; the more profound our study, the more difficult it becomes to distinguish Buddhism from Brahmanism, or to say in what respects, if any. Buddhism is really unorthodox. The outstanding distinction lies in the fact that Buddhist doctrine is propounded by an apparently historical founder, understood to have lived and taught in the sixth century B.C. Beyond this there are only broad distinctions of emphasis. It is taken almost for granted that one must have abandoned the world if the Way is to be followed and the doctrine understood. The teaching is addressed either to Brahmans who are forthwith converted, or to the congregation of monastic Wanderers (
pravrjaka ) who have already entered on the Path; others of whom are already perfected Arhats, and become in their turn the teachers of other disciples. There is an ethical teaching for laymen also, with injunctions and prohibitions as to what one should or should not do,
159 but nothing that can be described as a âsocial reformâ or as a protest against the caste system. The repeated distinction of the âtrue Brahmanâ from the mere Brahman by birth is one that had already been drawn again and again in the Brahmanical books.
If we can speak of the Buddha as a reformer at all it is only in the strictly etymological sense of the word: it is not to establish a new order but to restore an older form that the Buddha descended from heaven. Although his teaching is âall just so and infallibleâ,
160 this is because he has fully penetrated the Eternal Law (
aklika dharma)
161 and personally verified all things in heaven or earth;
162 he describes as a vile heresy the view that he is teaching a âphilosophy of his ownâ, thought out by himself.
163 No true philosopher ever came to destroy, but only to fulfil the Law. âI have seenâ, the Buddha says, âthe ancient Way, the Old Road that was taken by the formerly All-Awakened, and that is the path I followâ;
164 and since he elsewhere praises the Brahmans of old who remembered the Ancien...