AI and IoT-Based Intelligent Automation in Robotics

Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Abhishek Kumar, S. Rakesh Kumar, N. Gayathri, Prasenjit Das, Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Abhishek Kumar, S. Rakesh Kumar, N. Gayathri, Prasenjit Das

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9781119711223
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Semantics
• Index: Computer Science

The 24 chapters in this book provides a deep overview of robotics and the application of AI and IoT in robotics. It contains the exploration of AI and IoT based intelligent automation in robotics. The various algorithms and frameworks for robotics based on AI and IoT are presented, analyzed, and discussed. This book also provides insights on application of robotics in education, healthcare, defense and many other fields which utilize IoT and AI. It also introduces the idea of smart cities using robotics.

1
Introduction to Robotics

Srinivas Kumar Palvadi¹, Pooja Dixit² and Vishal Dutt^3*

¹Department of Computer Science Engineering, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

²Sophia Girls’ College (Autonomous), Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

³Department of Computer Science, Aryabhatta College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

These days, automation plays a major role in all sectors of society and the technology of robotic automation is very much in demand along with other significantly trending concepts such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cloud Computing. Many people are showing interest in purchasing things which have process automation; for example, do not increase speed once they reach a certain point and automatically turn off the water tank when it is about to overfill. Robotics is also the technology where when an instruction is given to the device it acts accordingly based on the user instruction. When we want the robot to perform based on the user instruction, we first have to train the device or robot with the instructions for the particular task we want to do. For example, if we give a data set to the robot for creation of coffee and we give an instruction to the robot to “Prepare Tea,” the robot doesn’t respond to the request because the request doesn’t match the available datasets in the robot. In this chapter, I will focus on a basic introduction to robots, their architecture and the equipment needed for designing robots.

Keywords: Machine learning, IoT, AI, energy, drones, nano tubes, energy, actuation

1.1 Introduction

“Robotics” or “robots” is a very popular term which we are increasingly hearing day by day. The word “robotics” was derived from the word “robot,” which comes from the Slavic word “robota,” meaning slave/servant. Robots were introduced to society by George C. Devol, who generally referred to them as artificial people. Generally, robots consist of different components such as sensors, controlling devices, manipulators, power supply as well as software to perform the defined action. A combination of these characteristics forms the robot. For preparing the perfect robot we have to proceed with designing, building, programming as well as testing the robot using a combination of physics, mathematics, computational techniques, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and structural engineering. In some of the particular scenarios the concepts of biology, chemistry and medicine are also involved based on the requirements. Generally, robot technology is used [1] in environments where a human cannot perform the action.

Many people treat robots as machines but in many of the real-time applications robots replace the person and also act as a person, such as the androids in the movies Star Wars, Terminator and Star Trek: The Next Generation. The robots capture human faces and activities and perform tasks as a person does. Even though developers are implementing many advancements in robots and using them in many applications, they are not able to develop enough common sense in them because robots perform the task based on the user’s instructions but can’t predict future actions by doing tasks in a dynamic manner. So, regarding this topic, many of the researchers are working in this domain under the research domain named “humanoid robots.”

Most of the robots which were created till now are very dangerous, boring, onerous and just plain nasty. We can find these types of robots in the medical, automobile, manufacturing, and industrial industries among others, as well as the space industry. Robots, such as the Mars rover Sojourner and the upcoming Mars Exploration rover or the underwater robotic vehicle Caribou, were designed and sent to places where humans cannot go, such as volcanoes, mars, etc., for the purpose of helping to conduct research in those particular places. On the other hand, other types of robots were designed for the purpose of entertaining small children and others. A few of them are Techno, Polly and AIBO ERS-220, which often arrive at the stores around Christmas time.

Robots are very efficient, fun and easy to design. In his book Being Digital, Nicholas Negroponte relates an excellent story that took place about eight years ago at the time of the televised premier of the Media Lab’s LEGO/Logo work at the Hennigan School. When the robot was first introduced to the children in school, they didn’t show interest in adopting it. However, in a third attempt, the children talked, played and had fun with the robot. The children asked the robot questions and the robot started giving responses to the children. The children in the class felt very excited and had fun with the robot.

Finally, what exactly does robot mean?

Many authors gave definitions based on their understanding. There is really no standard definition of robotics. When designing the robot, every designer needs to have the following properties and features, if not it is not considered a robot [2].

The robot should have following characteristics:

• Sensing
  First, robots have to recognize the surroundings and respond according to them. The robots will not behave in all the environments. We have to imbue robots with sensitivity to light (eyes), touch, pressure (like hands), chemicals (nose), sound (ears) and taste (tongue) among others. By combining all these we will get the correct working robot for the environment.
• Movement
  The robot should be capable of identifying surroundings/ environment in order to perform actions such as moving its body all around the surroundings.
• Energy
  Robots should be capable of identifying the power in their battery and should charge by themselves.
• Intelligence
  Robots need to become smarter than humans. Those who make robots smart are called programmers. Robots should require a minimum amount of knowledge to understand and perform the task that the user instructed.

So, the definition of the term robot encompasses a sensor, controlling device, physical device, manipulator, and a programming testing device, with mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, mathematics, and a small portion of chemistry also being involved.

1.2 History and Evolution of Robots

Table 1.1 shows the origins of robotics along with detailed information of when the robots came into existence, the developer’s name, etc. Presently, there are various types of robots which are used for various environments for various users. Moreover, the robots were classified into mechanical construction, electrical components and computer programming mechanism.

Table...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• 1 Introduction to Robotics
• 2 Techniques in Robotics for Automation Using AI and IoT
• 3 Robotics, AI and IoT in the Defense Sector
• 4 Robotics, AI and IoT in Medical and Healthcare Applications
• 5 Towards Analyzing Skill Transfer to Robots Based on Semantically Represented Activities of Humans
• 6 Healthcare Robots Enabled with IoT and Artificial Intelligence for Elderly Patients
• 7 Robotics, AI, and the IoT in Defense Systems
• 8 Techniques of Robotics for Automation Using AI and the IoT
• 9 An Artificial Intelligence-Based Smart Task Responder: Android Robot for Human Instruction Using LSTM Technique
• 10 AI, IoT and Robotics in the Medical and Healthcare Field
• 11 Real-Time Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Human Body Temperature Detection Using Artificial Intelligence
• 12 Drones in Smart Cities
• 13 UAVs in Agriculture
• 14 Semi-Automated Parking System Using DSDV and RFID
• 15 Survey of Various Technologies Involved in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication
• 16 Smart Wheelchair
• 17 Defaulter List Using Facial Recognition
• 18 Visitor/Intruder Monitoring System Using Machine Learning
• 19 Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Air Pollution Monitoring System
• 20 A Novel Approach Towards Audio Watermarking Using FFT and CORDIC-Based QR Decomposition
• 21 Performance of DC-Biased Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Visible Light Communication
• 22 Microcontroller-Based Variable Rate Syringe Pump for Microfluidic Application
• 23 Analysis of Emotion in Speech Signal Processing and Rejection of Noise Using HMM
• 24 Securing Cloud Data by Using Blend Cryptography with AWS Services
• Index
• End User License Agreement