Handbook of Standards and Guidelines in Human Factors and Ergonomics, Second Edition

Waldemar Karwowski, Anna Szopa, Marcelo M. Soares, Waldemar Karwowski, Anna Szopa, Marcelo M. Soares, Waldemar Karwowski, Anna Szopa, Marcelo M. Soares

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9780429528422
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Organisational Behaviour
• Index: Business

With an updated edition including new material in additional chapters, this one-of-a-kind handbook covers not only current standardization efforts, but also anthropometry and optimal working postures, ergonomic human computer interactions, legal protection, occupational health and safety, and military human factor principles. While delineating the crucial role that standards and guidelines play in facilitating the design of advantageous working conditions to enhance individual performance, the handbook suggests ways to expand opportunities for global economic and ergonomic development.

This book features:

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• Guidance on the design of work systems including tasks, equipment, and workspaces as well as the work environment in relation to human capacities and limitations

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• Emphasis on important human factors and ergonomic standards that can be utilized to improve product and process to ensure efficiency and safety

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• A focus on quality control to ensure that standards are met throughout the worldwide market

Section IV

Standards for Manual Material Handling Tasks

17	Repetitive Actions and Movements of the Upper Limbs Enrico Occhipinti and Daniela Colombini

CONTENTS

Introduction

Scope of the Standards

EN 1005-5: Risk Assessment for Repetitive Handling at High Frequency

ISO 11228-3: Handling of Low Loads at High Frequency

Main Definitions

Work Task

Repetitive Task

Work Cycle

Cycle Time

Technical Action (Mechanical)

Repetitiveness

Frequency

Force

Posture and Movements

Recovery Time

Additional Risk Factors

Contents of the Standards

General Recommendations

Risk Assessment

En 1005-5

Hazard Identification

Risk Estimation by Simple Methods (Method 1)

Risk Evaluation by Detailed Method (Method 2)

Annexes

Iso 11228-3

Hazard Identification

Simple Risk Assessment

Risk Evaluation by Detailed Method

Risk Reduction

Annexes

References

Full Name of the Standards

EN 1005-5: Safety of machinery—Human physical performance—Part 5: Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency.

ISO 11228-3: Manual handling Part 3: Handling of low loads at high frequency.

Introduction

Working tasks that require manual repetitive actions at high frequency may cause the risk of fatigue, discomfort, and musculoskeletal disorders. A proper risk assessment and management should seek to minimize these health effects by considering a variety of risk factors related to the duration of exposure, the frequency of actions, the use of force, the postures and movements of the body segments, the lack of recovery periods, and other additional factors (Colombini et al., 2001).

To this regard, two parallel standards have been produced in 2007, respectively, by CEN and ISO:

• EN 1005-5: Safety of machinery—Human physical performance—Part 5: Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency (CEN, 2007).

• ISO 11228-3: Manual handling Part 3: Handling of low loads at high frequency (ISO 11228-3, 2007)

Though the two mentioned drafts are devoted to different targets, they are conceptually similar and can be presented in the same context.

Scope of the Standards

EN 1005-5: Risk Assessment for Repetitive Handling at High Frequency

This European standard presents guidance to the designer of machinery or its component parts in controlling health risks due to machine-related repetitive handling at high frequency.

The standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard as defined by the U.E. “Machinery Directive” and associated EFTA regulations but, for procedural reasons, has been published to only be an informative voluntary standard.

It applies mainly to designers and producers of new machinery and assembly lines for professional use operated by the healthy adult working population.

The machinery designer has to specify reference data for the action frequency of the upper limbs during machinery operation. The standard presents a risk assessment method and gives guidance to the designer on how to reduce health risks for the operator.

ISO 11228-3: Handling of Low Loads at High Frequency

This International Standard establishes ergonomic recommendations for repetitive work tasks involving the handling of low loads at high frequency (by upper limbs).

The standard provides information for all those involved in the design (or redesign) and risk assessment of manual repetitive tasks and jobs.

It is designed to provide guidance on several task variables, evaluating the health risks for the working population. It applies to the adult working population; the recommendations will give reasonable protection for nearly all healthy adults.

Main Definitions

Work Task

An activity or activities required to achieve an intended outcome of the work system (e.g., stitching of cloth, the loading or unloading of pallets).

Repetitive Task

Task characterized by repeated cycles.

Work Cycle

A sequence of (technical) actions that are always repeated the same way.

Cycle Time

The time elapsed—from the moment one operator begins a work cycle to the moment that the same work cycle is repeated (in seconds).

Technical Action (Mechanical)

Elementary manual actions required to complete the operations within the work cycle, such as holding, turning, pushing, cutting.

Repetitiveness

Quality of task when a person is continuously repeating the same cycle, technical actions, and movements in a significant part of a normal workday.

Frequency

The number of technical actions per minute.

Force

The physical effort required of the operator to execute the task.

Posture and Movements

The positions and movements of the body segment(s) or joint(s) required to execute the task.

Recovery Time

The period of rest following a period of activity that allows restoration...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Editor Biographies
• Contributors
• Section I: Standardization Efforts in Human Factors and Ergonomics
• Section II: Nature of HF/E Standards and Guidelines
• Section III: Standards for Evaluation of Working Postures
• Section IV: Standards for Manual Material Handling Tasks
• Section V: Standards for Human-Computer Interaction
• Section VI: Management of Occupational Safety and Health
• Section VII: Safety and Legal Protection Standards
• Section VIII: Military Human Factors Standards
• Section IX: Sources of Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards
• Index