Bioenergy Research

Evaluating Strategies for Commercialization and Sustainability

Neha Srivastava, Manish Srivastava, Neha Srivastava, Manish Srivastava

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9781119772118
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Chemistry
• Index: Chemistry

BIOENERGY RESEARCH

Evaluates challenges and sustainable solutions associated with various biofuel technologies

Bioenergy Research offers an authoritative guide to recent developments in green bioenergy technologies that are currently available including: bioethanol, biobutanol, biomethanol, bio-oil, biohydrogen, biogas and biomethane. The authors provide in-depth analysis and discuss the commercial viability of the various technological advances in bioenergy. Comprehensive in scope, the book explores the environmental, practical and economic implications associated with a variety of bioenergy options. The book also considers the rollback of fossil fuels, the cost and their replacement as well as practical solutions for these issues.

This important resource:

• Presents up-to-date research and industrial developments for various bioenergy options
• Offers comparative evaluation of bioenergy technologies for commercial feasibility
• Reviews current challenges and sustainable solutions for a variety of biofuel technologies
• Contains a review of existing strategies for bioenergy production

Bioenergy Research is a valuable guide for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of biofuels and bioenergy, environmental science and technology, microbial technology, bioprocess engineering, and waste valorization.

1
Role of Enzymes in Biofuel Production

Ashok Kumar Yadav¹, Surabhi Pandey², Abhishek Dutt Tripathi³, and Veena Paul²

¹Food Processing and Management, DDU Kaushal Kendra, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, UP, India

²Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India

1.1 Introduction

The International Energy Agency (2006) released a factsheet based on a survey stating that approximately 80.3% of fossil fuels utilized as a principal energy source, and 57.7% employed for transport purposes. The demand for energy will grow by about 37% by 2040 due to the significant change in the global energy system (International Energy Agency 2006). There is a need for sustainable development by producing renewable and alternative energy sources at reachable costs with minimum hindrances. Biofuel represents renewable energy sources that combust and emits a lower amount of CO₂ and SO₂. Hence, it can be used in the future to restore wholly insufficient petroleum oil. Biofuels can be obtained easily from the naturally available sources, such as oil and starch or carbohydrate.

Due to the relentless exhaustion of renewable energy resources, for their biodiversity, biofuels promise to be the most suitable and recommended oil for the future. They are ideal for replacing petroleum fuels that decrease the demand for imported fuels. Biomass conversion is a sustainable way to produce biofuels like biodiesel, biohydrogen, and bioethanol, which prevents the release of harmful gases and is also accountable for reducing gases like CO₂. This sustainable behavior of biofuel enhances the demand of enzymes for increased production of biofuel. If enzymes were going to be used more and more for the production of biofuel, then it may prove to give a positive impact on environment with improved biofuel quality (Christy et al. 2014). Enzymes play an essential role in biofuel production, as they reduce the use of synthetic methods and are advantageous over these methods. The enzymatic method of biofuel production is energy‐saving and eco‐friendly as compared to the synthetic process. The enzymes act as a biocatalyst that employs fatty acids and cellulose as feedstock for biofuel production. Enzymes are used for the hydrolysis of feedstock into simpler components for its fermentation. The enzymatic hydrolysis process is cheaper than other methods as it is done in controlled and natural conditions without the need for any treatment when used for further steps (Christy et al. 2014). Table 1.1 depicts the benefits and drawbacks of biofuels.

Table 1.1 Benefits and drawbacks of biofuel.

With respect to	Benefits	Drawbacks
Price	Energy security Reduces the import of crude oil	High cost of manufacturing
Vehicles	Safe Produce less noise pollution Increases lubrication Increases ignition	Causes corrosion of engine
Pollution	Reduces the emission of CO2 and carbon particles Biodegradable Nontoxic in nature	Increases the emission of NO2 Increases the emission of aldehydes

This chapter focusses on the application of enzymes for the production of biofuels in the crude oil industry. It also deals with advanced techniques related to biofuel production.

1.2 Biofuel Classification

Based on the raw material used, we can classify biofuels as the first, second, and third generation of biofuels. The sources of first‐generation biofuels are agricultural crops and grains, second‐generation biofuels are obtained from agricultural mass like feedstock (Table 1.2), and third‐generation biofuels use microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria as their feedstock (Tabatabaei et al. 2011).

Table 1.2 Biofuel classification with examples based on the sources.

“First generation biofuels”(sources are starch, grain, and cereal seeds)	“Second‐generation biofuels”(sources are cellulosic mass, like w...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright
• List of Contributors
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Biofuels Production Technologies: Recent Advancement
• 1 Role of Enzymes in Biofuel Production
• 2 Microbial Technology for Biofuel Production
• 3 Biohydrogen Production from Cellulosic Waste Biomass
• 4 Strategies for Obtaining Biofuels Through the Fermentation of C5‐Raw Materials: Part 1
• 5 Strategies for Obtaining Biofuels Through the Fermentation of C5‐Raw Materials: Part 2
• 6 An Overview of Microalgal Carotenoids: Advances in the Production and Its Impact on Sustainable Development
• 7 Microbial Xylanases: A Helping Module for the Enzyme Biorefinery Platform
• 8 Microbial Cellulolytic‐Based Biofuel Production
• 9 Recent Developments of Bioethanol Production
• 10 Algal Biofuels – Types and Production Technologies
• 11 Biomethane Production and Advancement
• 12 Biodiesel Production and Advancement from Diatom Algae
• 13 Biobutanol Production and Advancement
• Index
• End User License Agreement