VoIP Telephony and You

A Guide to Design and Build a Resilient Infrastructure for Enterprise Communications Using the VoIP Technology (English Edition)

Rashmi Nanda

• Publisher: BPB Publications
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9788194837732
• Topic: Informatik
• Subtopic: Computernetzwerke

A Game Changer for WFH Practitioners

Key Features
? Get to know the challenges and benefits of VoIP.
? Explore in-depth coverage on methodologies of the VoIP system.
? Includes the VoIP economic model, technology model, and in-practices.

Description
'VoIP Telephony and You' introduces you to new and advanced ways of communicating over traditional telephony realms. Telcos use public internet private IPs for this long-distance voice communication in the Covid era.This book describes how VoIP encompasses the capability to encode and deliver content in real-time across digitized networks. In this book, you will learn about VoIP regulations, VoIP hardware and software, video conferencing servers, SWOT analysis of Telcos, switching technology. You will also learn about the TCP/IP, market, Economics model, business model, and technology models. You will learn how to eliminate echo by understanding the various interfaces of VoIP and a number of digital protocols.This book will also provide you with a solution to design and maintain communication systems that can be used reliably in the Covid-19 times. This book includes several best practices and security measures to secure conversations by use of surveillance methods and VoIP security provisions.

What you will learn
? Learn to establish a strong and robust digital communication for WFH business operations.
? Explore and evaluate buying decisions between cloud-based phones and other VoIP devices
? Learn to optimize utilization of the VoIP telephony devices for audio and video conferencing.

Who this book is for
This book is for aspiring and current technicians, network administrators, engineers, IT managers, VoIP integrators and solution providers, mobile experts, and WFH practitioners.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
2. VoIP Video Conferencing and Corona Virus
3. VoIP's Challenges and Benefits and VoIP Market's Independent Providers
4. Overview of Systems-Level
5. Interfaces of VoIP Telephony
6. Assurance of Voice Quality for VoIP Networks
7. Implementation of VoIP Security
8. Functionality of a Data Router
9. Technical Description related to VoIP
10. VoIP Hardware and Software Components
11. Business Model and Market Model in relation with Internet Telephony
12. Technology, Economics and In-Practice to be concerned with IP telephony
13. VoIP to be Concluded

About the Authors
Rashmi Nanda, has done her B.Tech in Electronics and Instrumentation from Purushottam Institute of Engineering and Technology (PIET), Rourkela, Odisha. She has more than 6 years of experience in freelance content writing. LinkedIn Bio: Rashmi Nanda

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Voice Over Internet Protocol

Introduction

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications are multi-faceted with multimedia and voice-based telecommunication facilities. Among these, the successful market segments are standardization, infrastructure management, regulation, bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS). VoIP gateways are interfaces between Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and IP networks, which moves data across a Local Area Network (LAN) through router and interfaces. The worldwide marketing of VoIP gateways reaches 7 billion dollars by 2020. VoIP gateways are implemented by methods like PC-based servers, router-based voice modules, and voice modules by concentrators. The VoIP equipment are IP phones, which belong to IP protocol functions having connection to the PSTN. Fax over IP (FoIP) is much better than fax because there is no real-time transmission.

Structure

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

• VoIP introduction
• VoIP regulation
• VoIP methods
• VoIP equipment

Objective

The first chapter deals with methodologies related to VoIP regulation, VoIP equipment, and introduces the various functionalities that enable the successful implementation of VoIP in our daily lives. Among these, the successful market segments are standardization, infrastructure management, regulation, bandwidth, and QoS. This is an introductory chapter, which walks us through VoIP.

VoIP Introduction

VoIP has acquired too much of attention recently because of numerous reasons. The most notable reason is that it possesses the potentiality for significant cost reduction of international and long-distance communication of voice. It introduces totally enhanced and new communicating ways. The following figure 1.1 shows how the basic VoIP system works:

Figure 1.1: VoIP

Fundamental VoIP applications are multimedia, voice, data and fax. “Voice” traditionally has suggested telecommunications of voice alone. But, “Voice over IP” is the generalized term used toward all realms of traditional telephony, with further applications offered over IP private and over public internet networks. The result is that the real-time information, fax, and multimedia services are regarded as VoIP sub-segments.

VoIP had a difficult beginning, partly due to the limitations that were technological and partly because of slower acceptance of newer technology characterized of being of poor reliability and quality. Improvements technologically with stronger public demands for low tariffs of phone result in the widespread VoIP marketing acceptances.

The services of VoIP are rapidly becoming a practical alternative to old services of telephony. PSTN services regulated by the government artificially with high price have been left vulnerable due to stepping in of these newer technologies. Quality and different VoIP challenges are addressed with worldwide booming in the usage of the internet, making it a conceivable substitute, resulting possibly in an integration predicted longer of information and voice networks. The following figure 1.2 shows a VoIP gateway with PSTN and IP phones:

Figure 1.2: PSTN, IP Phone, VoIP Gateway

The current VoIP technological applications are focused primarily around alternated service of long-distance voices. The providers of incumbent services recognize opportunity of VoIP as telcos of next generation and non-traditional givers of a service.

Voice over packets is researched since 1980s and 1970s, but the real VoIP developments had not begun till 1995. VocalTec, which is a firm in Israel, initiated IP telephonic market in year 1995 together with software allowing voice connections among 2 PCs over network based on an IP. Numerous packages started emerging, and in year 1997, Delta Three launched the first service of phone-to-phone for commercial use. The following figure 1.3 depicts an IP telephony system:

Figure 1.3: IP Telephony

There are current segments and niches of market where VoIP does prevail, but there are key obstacles to be overcome prior to it becoming successful mass market-wise. This includes bandwidth, regulation, network and infrastructure management, standardization, and QoS.

VoIP regulation

Regulations of VoIPs are largely questionable. Telephonic services traditionally have been regulated heavily. Numerous governments do operate on monopolies of telecommunications, with deregulation observed nowadays in others (1998 in lots of the EU and 1996 in the US).

Many government policies (in both developing and developed nations) toward the Internet have encouraged competition and growth by adoption of attitude of laissez-faire. The internet’s rapid development largely has been because of a lack of regulatory intervention. The introduction of most regulation forms truly retards internet innovation, thereby creating a barrier for entry for start-up organizations. Operators stand to get profit from this because they have cherished the monopoly position for numerous years. Both the European Commission and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) welcome this provision to force down international tariffs of phone. The constraints of regulations related specifically to the internet put newer entrants at a severe disadvantageous place, in turn assisting continued overpricing of international and longer-distance telephonies. So, the regulation of telecoms generally has advantages for smaller providers of VoIPs. The following figure 1.4 shows the basic structure of a VoIP software:

Figure 1.4: VoIP Regulation and Software, H.323

The main barriers to change telephone companies for consumers are to convert numbers of phone and associated inconvenience. Portability of number allows customers to manage numbers while changing industries. When VoIP of phone-to-phone becomes commonly placed and convenient, the abilities for offering VoIP total services with no conversion of phone numbers work toward the advantage of small providers.

With a local loop of high-speed technology, the introduction ability for accessing local loops becomes important for providing competitive services. Regulation results in unbundling of local loops in a few European countries, the US, and Hong Kong. Recently, in 1999 July, BT did order open-up of their local loop. This gives a high-speed accessibility provision opportunity to those providers that are small.

There is a impediment of growth and sustainability which caused huge ethos of disappointment for Telecom companies. Telcos does not wish to obliterate a profitable business that exists to bank on regulation while assuming VoIP threat for petering out like Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs) becoming classified such as provider of voice telephones. Many others have no desires for investing a solution of VoIP till its technical troubles are overcome. The following figure 1.5 shows an ITSP.

Figure 1.5: ITSP

Data services that are enhanced are the ones having an economic provision by givers of independent services (non-facility-based service providers) to have competition with networking provider as longer as they gain accessibility to networks. An example of service enhanced is the provision of contents for premium rating service and retail internet service provision. Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Enhanced Service Providers (ESPs), and ITSPs generally are not subjected to longer-distanced charge of accessibility. Telcos urges regulatory positions for changing. ITSPs become competitive increasingly with telcos, so they argue for identical classification. Simultaneously, there is a difficulty for differentiating between varied internet traffic types. So, the methods for levying accessibility costs on ITSPs do seem impossible. The following figure 1.6 captures the very essence of ISPs for internet users:

Figure 1.6: ISP

The following figure 1.7 shows the ESPs data packets:

Figure 1.7: ESP

The European Commission defines voice telephony as “commercial provisions for publics of speech switching and direct transportation in real-time among termination points of public switched networks in turn enabling whichever user to utilize connected equipment for such network termination points for communicating with different points of termination.”

So, the following conditions should be met:

Services offered should be part of commercial offers. Services are provided to all members of the public. Services involve speech and direct transport in real time. Services are given between termination points of public-switched networks in fixed telephonic networks. VoIP lacks a few of these factors, notably the most being transmission in real time. This falls short of traditional telephony, which is not fully transparent, reliable, and ubiquitous.

VoIP generally is not an available service of voice transmission, but it is an application available for the ones who already subscribe to the basic package of the internet. The European Commission does not force ITSPs for the payment of accessibility charges because of such closed user group offerings. VoIP is seen as an effective method for introduction of competition because of restriction of telephones in Europe.

Additional points suggested is that added movements of regulation affects industry of VoIP. Such things include rules of entry and requirements of market entries:

Providers are not subjected to required factors of market entry and restrictive licensing, which have applicability to varied providers of telecommunications because of the classification of many internet services as non-voice or non-basic services. Regulators begin to impose licensing, registration, or various ITSP requirements because VoIP becomes a serious competitor for older telephonies. Such processes are time-consuming, thereby increasing time-to-market of newer entrants.

If ITSPs have been classified as a carrier of basic service of voices, there are requirements for having compliance with routing rules and restrictions. This restricts those services that in turn bypass the systems of accounting. But, with provision of complex internet topology, there are virtual impossibilities for monitoring packets that are individual with imposition of rules of routing on them.

VoIP methods

VoIP had been initially dismissed easily. Software of client provided poor quality that resembled a CB radio, and that allowed only party numbered one to speak in one instance. Communicating party numbered two needs to have an online service together with compatible running software on their PC. But, potentiality for these services was visualized by vendors like Microsoft, Intel, and Netscape. All of these launched items of VoIP in the year 1996. Till this time, two of the internet backbone and computing power capacity had been improved. Much better quality of voice had got VoIP...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication Page
• About the Author
• About the Reviewer
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• Errata
• Table of Contents
• 1. Introduction to Voice Over Internet Protocol
• 2. VoIP Video Conferencing and Coronavirus
• 3. VoIP’s Challenges and Benefits, VoIP independent Providers
• 4. Overview of Systems Level
• 5. Interfaces of VoIP Telephony
• 6. Assurance of Voice Quality for Voice Over Internet Protocol Networks
• 7. Implementation of VoIP Security
• 8. Functionality of Data Router
• 9. Technical Description Related with VoIP
• 10. VoIP Hardware and Software Components
• 11. Business Model and Market Model in Relation with Internet Telephony
• 12. Technology, Economics, In Practice, to be Concerned with IP Telephony
• 13. VoIP to be Concluded
• Key terms
• Bibliography
• Image credits
• Index