Thermal Cycles of Heat Recovery Power Plants

Tangellapalli Srinivas

• Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9789811803772
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Power Resources
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Thermal Cycles of Heat Recovery Power Plants presents information about thermal power plant cycles suitable for waste heat recovery (WHR) in modern power plants. The author covers five thermal power cycles: organic Rankine cycle (ORC), organic flash cycle (OFC), Kalina cycle (KC), steam Rankine cycle (SRC) and steam flash cycle (SFC) with the working fluids of R123, R124, R134a, R245fa, R717 and R407C. The handbook helps the reader to understand the latest power plant technologies suitable for utilizing the waste heat generated by thermal industrial processes. Key Features: - Comprehensive modeling, simulation, analysis and optimization of 5 power cycle types with different working fluids- Clear information about the processes and solutions of thermal power cycles to augment the power generation with improved energy conversion.- Simple, reader friendly presentation- bibliographic references after each chapter for further reading This handbook is suitable for engineering students in degree courses and professionals in training programs who require resources on advanced thermal power plant operation and optimal waste heat recovery processes, respectively. It is also a handy reference for energy conversion efficiency in heat recovery power plants. The book is also of interest to any researchers interested in industrial applications of thermodynamic processes.

FOREWORD 1

It is an honour for me to write the foreword for the book titled “Thermal Cycles of Heat Recovery Power Plants,” written by Dr. T Srinivas. The scope of the book is in the area of heat recovery power generation and thermal cycle analysis. The book covers various heat recovery power generation systems and thermodynamic cycle analysis. Given the growing global energy demand, there is a need to improve power generation efficiency and to conserve energy resources. Global warming and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions demands higher efficiency fossil fuel-based power plants. The waste heat recovery and utilization will help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The cycle analysis plays a dominant role in understanding the heat recovery based power plants, including the performance. The book covers various thermal cycles and their analysis, including the performance of heat recovery based systems.

Srinivas is a well-known researcher in the areas of thermal power generation, combined cycle and cogeneration systems, waste heat recovery, solar energy, and exergy analysis. He has published extensively in journals and conference proceedings as an author and also with research collaborators. We have worked together on research projects in thermal power generation, waste heat recovery, and solar energy and published them in reputed journals and conference proceedings.

The “Thermal Cycles of Heat Recovery Power Plants” book covers the latest advances in heat recovery power generation systems, various thermal cycles, and analysis, including recent advances. The book incorporates recent advances in research and developments in heat recovery based power generation systems. I am confident that the book will be very useful to senior undergraduate level students, graduate-level students, researchers working in the area of thermal power generation and waste heat recovery power generation, and for practicing engineers in the area of thermal power generation, waste heat recovery, and energy management.

Bale V. Reddy
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Ontario Tech University (UOIT)
Oshawa, ON, Canada

FOREWORD 2

The power generation from the waste heat recovery is equivalent to the power from the renewable energy sources as it does not generate any new or additional carbon dioxide to the environment. Therefore, these power plants are also eligible to claim the carbon credits as per the policy norms. I wish this book on the power thermal cycle of heat recovery power plants nurtures new ideas of power plants to tap the waste heat recovery. This book deals with the thermodynamic analysis of very important vapour power cycles such as organic Rankine cycle, organic flash cycle, Kalina cycle, steam Rankine cycle, and steam flash cycle from the modelling to the optimization of performance parameters and highlighting the challenges and opportunities. The latest power cycles, including the Kalina cycle, organic flash cycle, and steam flash cycle, are thoroughly analysed with exhaustive models and examples. The book also covers important practical aspects of the power cycles with detailed case studies, which may be very useful for the students. I know that Dr. T. Srinivas is also an author of ‘Flexible Kalina Cycle Systems’, which is focused on cooling cogeneration cycle based on Kalina cycle working principle. The chapter on comparison of the power cycles based on various thermodynamic characteristics may be very useful to the students and researchers. I hope this book contributes to the understanding of the power cycle’s concepts, design, and development of new plants to the students, scholars, faculty, and practicing engineers for innovative developments.

K. Srinivas Reddy
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai, India

PREFACE

Worldwide many thermal industries are working without tapping the valuable waste heat into a useful form. Electricity is one of the most extensively used commodities in the world. The existing and futuristic power plant configurations and its characteristics suitable to a waste heat recovery (WHR) are discussed in the book. Novel power plant configurations are developed and elaborated from modelling to the optimization through the simulation. Five different power plants configurations, suitable to heat recovery are presented viz. organic Rankine cycle (ORC), organic flash cycle (OFC), Kalina cycle (KC) steam Rankine cycle (SRC) and steam flash cycle (SFC). Out of these power plant layouts, flash cycle (FC) has been recommended because of its adoptability to the heat recovery. The novel flash cycle, which is different from the current geothermal power plant is detailed to augment the heat recovery and power with organic fluid system and steam system. In a power plant, the source temperature may fall below the critical temperature of the fluid or above it. The performance characteristics of these power plants differ with the working fluid and state of heat source, i.e., below or above the critical temperature. Separate performance characteristics and correlations are developed in these two regions for all the selected fluids. The selected working fluids in the heat recovery power plants are R123, R124, R134a, R245fa, R717 and R407C. In FC, the liquid is flashed from high pressure to low pressure at the exit of heat recovery’s economizer. The vapour is separated from the process and used in turbine for power augmentation. However, the handling of additional fluid in boiler increases the pump capacity and heat recovery. Therefore, a drop in thermal efficiency has been observed. FC plants are well justified by comparing the existing power plants with its higher production rate. A case study related to cement factory’s heat recovery has been presented to understand the power plant nature with heat recovery. The cement factory demands 15 MW for its functioning and the case study showed that the WHR is capable of producing the self-generation to meet the load. A lower heat recovery pressure is suggested for maximum power. Second case study is at a 7.7 MW power plant operating under SFC. The theoretical results are validated with a cement factory’s case studies with SRC and SFC. The mathematical simulation has been extended to solve ‘n’ flashers in SFC. Finally, OFC and SFC are recommended in place of ORC and SRC for maximum output.

Organic flash cycle or steam flash cycle are not reported in the available books in the area of power industry. This book companions the undergraduate and post graduate students of mechanical, electrical and similar streams, power plant engineers, practising engineers, research scholars, faculty and plant trainees in the field of power generation. Latest power plant configurations, selection of working fluids to suit the heat recovery temperature and novel flashing cycle in place of organic Rankine cycle and steam Rankine cycle are the key features of this book.

Tangellapalli Srinivas
Department of Mechanical Engineering
B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
India

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My first lecture in my teaching profession is on thermal power plants at AANM and VVRSR Polytechnic, Gudlavalleru India. Thanks to the institute for creating such wonderful learning platform through teaching. I had an opportunity to visit Vijayawada Thermal Power Plant (VTPS) with my students from Gudlavalleru Engineering College, India. The plant’s staff instructed the practical methods and highlighted the thermal power plant technology. My sincere thanks to the management, all staff members and specially Mr. Muthaiah Chary, Engineer - Maintenance, VTPS for his energetic guidelines and guiding the complete plant processes and components. The industry supports from VTPS, LANCO Power, GMR Energy, India Cements and Sagar Cements enhanced the understanding and nurtured the innovation in power generation technologies with the case studies. I thank all the industrial support for playing a key role in the development of the thermal cycles of heat recovery power plants. I recognize my research scholar, Dr. Pradeep Varma for conducting the valuable case studies at cement factories to formulate the new ideas of power generation through the waste heat recovery.

Thanks to the whole team of VIT University, Vellore, for providing the atmosphere and supporting to shape the fundamental ideas into reality. My sincere thanks to Prof. Lalit Kumar Awasthi, Director, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, National Institute of Technology Jalandhar for providing the facilities and support to shape this book. My hearty salutations to faculty, non-teaching staff, students and scholars of department of mechanical engineering, NIT Jalandhar for continuous encouragement and providing the things.

My honest gratitude to Dr. P.K. Nag, Professor, IIT Kharagpur for inspiring and advising on thermodynamics applied to various thermal power plants. I am extremely happy to express my deepest gratitude to my PhD guide, Dr. AVSSKS Gupta, Professor, JNT University, Hyderabad for sculpturing me in the field of thermal engineering. It is my fortune to associate with the dynamic and energetic Professor and Guide Dr. BV Reddy, Ontario Tech University, Canada. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Reddy for his motivation and backing support. I am happy to convey my thanks to all my research scholars, faculty, staff and students to be a part of my research work. My special thanks to all the staff from CO₂ Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT University, Vellore for assisting in plant development, erection and testing processes at the laboratory level.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and respect to parents who fashioned my hard work and strong determination since my childhood. My heart felt gratitude to my lovely wife, Kavitha Devi, dearest elder son Rahul and dearest younger son Jignesh; without their regular support and boosting, I cannot do anything.

Finally, thanks to all who were involved in this work, directly or indirectly, in shaping this book to reach its fruitful form.

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

Not applicable.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The author declares no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

Tangellapalli Srinivas
B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
India

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