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WHO IS THE MESSIAH?
Each book of Scriptureâfrom Genesis to Revelation, in the Old Testament and New Testamentâcan be thought of like a part of a map that points to one man: the Messiah. What does Godâs Word say about the signs of the Messiah? What are the characteristics of the Son of Man? Which events, miracles, and activities would have to take place in order to confirm Jesus as the chosen one?
As we journey through Godâs Word, a complete portrait of the Messiah will take shape. We hope that you take time to study and absorb these selected prophecies, all of which were confirmed in the person of Jesus Christ. Allow them to edify your faith and draw you closer to Him.
Judgment and Promise of Salvation
And I will put enmity
between you and the woman,
and between your offspring and hers;
he will crush your head,
and you will strike his heel. (Gen. 3:15)
Genesis 3:14â24 is short, but its impact has sent ripples through every culture, community, family, and individual for the whole of human history. It was fulfilled by the spiritual death of Adam and Eve and their ultimate physical death (vv. 7â24). In fulfilling the prophecy of death, God added other prophecies, including the curse on the serpent (vv. 14â15). God prophesied that Eve would experience pain in childbirth. To Adam, God predicted that the ground would be cursed and Adam would have difficulty raising the food necessary for his continued existence. In the midst of these promises, which enlarged the judgment that had come on mankind because of the entrance of sin, a plan for redemption was also revealed.
In pronouncing the curse on the devil and the serpent, it was prophesied that there would always be enmity between the serpent and the descendants of the woman (v. 15). Referring to one of the womanâs descendants (Christ), God said, âHe will crush your head.â In regard to the judgment on Satan, ensured by the cross of Christ, the prophecy was further enlarged: âYou will strike his heelâ (v. 15). This referred to the fact that Christ would die, but unlike the effect on Satan, Christâs death would be conquered by resurrection. This was fulfilled in Christâs death and resurrection (Rom. 3:24â25).
Provisions of the Covenant
I will make you into a great nation,
and I will bless you;
I will make your name great,
and you will be a blessing.
I will bless those who bless you,
and whoever curses you I will curse;
and all peoples on earth
will be blessed through you. (Gen. 12:2â3)
God, in His goodness, cares for all the needs of His children. There is no need too small to capture His attention. In Genesis 12:1â3, God reveals His caring nature in the story of Abram, who was still in Ur of the Chaldeans.
The covenant with Abram was a major step in divine revelation, indicating that God had set Abram apart. Through Abramâs line, God would bring salvation to mankind. Though only eleven chapters were used to trace the whole history of the world prior to Abram, including creation and all the major events that followed, the rest of the book of Genesis was devoted to Abram and his immediate descendants, indicating the importance of this covenant.
The covenant required Abram to leave his country and his people and go to the land that God would show him. The expression âyou will be a blessingâ (v. 2) could be translated âbe a blessing.â Abram was essential to Godâs program of bringing blessing and revelation to the world and ultimately salvation through Jesus Christ. In keeping with Abramâs obedience, God made the promises: (1) âI will make you into a great nationâ; (2) âI will bless youâ; and (3) âI will make your name greatâ (v. 2).
Promise of a Future Faithful Priest
I will raise up for myself a faithful priest, who will do according to what is in my heart and mind. I will firmly establish his priestly house, and they will minister before my anointed one always. (1 Sam. 2:35)
In 1 Samuel 2:35â36, God made a declaration in contrast to the unfaithfulness of Hophni and Phinehas, reminding His people that He was the one who established and removed priests and rulers. The priesthood was taken away from Abiathar, who had descended from Eli, and instead was given to Zadok, who was a descendant of Eleazar, a son of Aaron (1 Kings 2:27, 35). This prophecy, however, seems to go beyond the immediate line of priests and was partially fulfilled by Samuel. It ultimately will be fulfilled by Jesus Christ, who is a priest forever (Ps. 110; Heb. 5:6; Rev. 19:16).
The Favor of David Passed down the Generations
I will maintain my love to him forever,
and my covenant with him will never fail.
I will establish his line forever,
his throne as long as the heavens endure. (Ps. 89:28â29)
Psalm 89:19â37 is a testament to how incredible Davidâs story is. When we first meet David, he is a humble shepherd boy, the youngest in a family of older, stronger men. Of all the men God could have selected to lead His people, David was the unlikeliest. Yet David rose to power and was declared âthe most exalted of the kings of the earthâ (v. 27). And God asserted that Davidâs line would live on forever (vv. 28â29).
The people of Israel, however, were warned that if they sinned, God would punish them: âIf his sons forsake my law and do not follow my statutes, if they violate my decrees and fail to keep my commands, I will punish their sin with the rod, their iniquity with floggingâ (vv. 30â32). In spite of the possibility of Israelâs sin, God promised that this would not alter the covenant:
But I will not take my love from him,
nor will I ever betray my faithfulness.
I will not violate my covenant
or alter what my lips have uttered.
Once for all, I have sworn by my holinessâ
and I will not lie to Davidâ
that his line will continue forever
and his throne endure before me like the sun;
it will be established forever like the moon,
the faithful witness in the sky. (vv. 33â37)
Confirmation of this Davidic covenant is found in the words of the angel to Mary, announcing that she would be the mother of Jesus:
Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bring forth a Son, and shall call His name JESUS. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no end. (Luke 1:30â33 NKJV)
In addition to the general promise that Jesus would be Maryâs son, the specific promises were given that He would occupy the throne of His father David and that His reign and His kingdom would never end.
Messianic Prophecy and the Kingdom
Ask me,
and I will make the nations your inheritance,
the ends of the earth your possession.
You will break them with a rod of iron;
you will dash them to pieces like pottery. (Ps. 2:8â9)
Psalm 2 describes Godâs purpose to establish His Son as King ...