Metaethics, Egoism, and Virtue

Studies in Ayn Rand's Normative Theory

Allan Gotthelf, James G. Lennox, Allan Gotthelf, James G. Lennox, Allan Gotthelf

• Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
• Year: 2014
• ISBN:
  9780822977599
• Topic: Philosophie
• Subtopic: Histoire et théorie de la philosophie

Philosopher-novelist Ayn Rand (1905-1982) is a cultural phenomenon. Her books have sold more than twenty-five million copies, and countless individuals speak of her writings as having significantly influenced their lives. In spite of the popular interest in her ideas, or perhaps because of it, Rand's work has, until recently, received little serious attention from academics. Though best known among philosophers for her strong support of egoism in ethics and capitalism in politics, there is an increasingly widespread awareness of both the range and the systematic character of Rand's philosophic thought. Metaethics, Egoism, and Virtue examines central aspects of Ayn Rand's ethical theory. Though her endorsement of ethical egoism is well known—one of her most familiar essay collections is The Virtue of Selfishness—the character of her egoism is not. Leading Rand scholars and specialists in ethical theory address issues such as: the basis of Rand's egoism in a virtue-centered normative ethics; her account of how moral norms in general are themselves based on a fundamental choice by an agent to value his own life; and how her own approach to the foundations of ethics is to be compared and contrasted with familiar approaches in the analytic ethical tradition. Philosophers interested in the objectivity of value, in the way ethical theory is (and is not) virtue-based, and in acquiring a serious understanding of an egoistic moral theory worthy of attention will find much to consider here. Metaethics, Egoism, and Virtue is the first of a new series, developed in conjunction with the Ayn Rand Society, to offer a fuller scholarly understanding of this highly original and influential thinker. The Ayn Rand Society, an affiliated group of the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, seeks to foster scholarly study by philosophers of the philosophical thought and writings of Ayn Rand.

INDEX

Adler, A., 100

Akston, Hugh (in Atlas Shrugged), 117n7

Alston, W., 64n11

altruism, 82n7, 121; as compatible with egoism, 91–92, 97, 136–39, 141–42; defined, 89; 132, 144; as distinct from generosity, 89, 109–10; as incompatible with egoism, 109–10, 125n19, 133, 147–48; psychology of, 141–42, 148; as vicious, x, 110, 131–32; as virtuous, x, 53n4, 82, 88–89, 96–97, 108, 131–32, 138–40; whether inherent feature of morality, 58, 66. See also generosity; others’ interest, regard for

analytic philosophy, 74; differences from Objectivism, 49–54, 57, 60–61, 64–66, 72–73; similarities to Objectivism, 75–79; 83–84

Annas, J., 81, 82n7, 115n4

Anscombe, G. E. M., 81

a priori knowledge, 55, 63, 115. See also knowledge; intuitionism, moral; justification, epistemic

aretaic concepts. See virtues

Arnold, M., 151

art, 146. See also Rand, A.: relationship between her fiction and philosophy

Aristotle, 88; egoism of, 115–16, 118; on emotions, 150–52, 159; on eudaimonia, 115–16, 116n5, 117n6; on the foundations of ethics and ultimate ends, 4, 9–11, 35, 40, 52–53, 53n3, 57, 61, 67n14, 81, 116n5; on the foundations of knowledge, 51, 71; on friendship, 118, 120, 146; influence on Rand, 9, 81; Nicomachean Ethics, 9–10, 52–53, 61–62, 71, 115, 117n6; on pleasure, 135, 146; Politics, 117n6; Posterior Analytics, 51; Rand’s criticism of, 9, 61, 81; on virtue, 46n13, 61, 82, 114, 116, 149–52, 157, 161

Badhwar, N., 125n19, 136

Baier, K., 79–80

Batson, C. D., 138, 141

beliefs, 60, 63–64; as basis of emotions, 4–5, 159; epistemic justification of, 51–52, 54, 56, 64–66, 69–70, 72; moral, 51, 53, 56–59, 62, 70; not basis of value, 90, 133, 137; pre-theoretic vs. considered, 53, 58–59, 59n7; whether epistemic foundations are in the form of, 52, 56–57, 62–66. See also concepts; desires; justification,...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Reason, Choice, and the Ultimate End
• Metaethics: Objectivist and Analytic
• Egoism and Virtue in Nietzsche and Rand
• Author Meets Critics: Tara Smith’s Ayn Rand’s Normative Ethics
• Uniform Abbreviations of Works
• References
• List of Contributors
• Index