eBook - ePub
Irish Grammar You Really Need to Know: Teach Yourself
Éamonn Ó'Dónaill
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- 272 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
eBook - ePub
Irish Grammar You Really Need to Know: Teach Yourself
Éamonn Ó'Dónaill
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About This Book
Comprehensive and clear explanations of key grammar patterns and structures are
reinforced and contextualized through authentic materials. You will not only
learn how to construct grammar correctly, but when and where to use it so you
sound natural and appropriate. Irish Grammar You Really Need to Know will help
you gain the intuition you need to become a confident communicator in your new
language.
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Information
1
Irish spelling, accents and stress
In this unit you will learn about
• The alphabet
• Changes to the beginning of words (lenition, eclipsis)
• Long and short vowels
• Broad and slender consonants
• Word order
• Slendering and broadening
• Syncopation
• Word stress
• Yes and no in Irish
The alphabet
The letters of the basic Irish alphabet are:
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u
The letter v occurs in some loan-words:
veain (van)
vóta (vote)
The remaining letters (j, q, v, w, x, z) occur very rarely (they are mostly found in scientific and mathematical words).
Changes to the beginning of words (lenition, eclipsis)
In Irish (as in other Celtic languages), both the beginning and the ending of a word can change.
The change of form at the beginning of a word is caused by a preceding word. One such change is called lenition (or séimhiú in Irish) and the other eclipsis (urú in Irish). You will see many examples of lenition and eclipsis throughout this book.
Lenition
This change occurs to the following consonants:
b → bh
c → ch
d → dh
f → fh
g → gh
m → mh
p → ph
s → sh
t → th
The remaining consonants (h, l, n, r) cannot be lenited.
Eclipsis
This change occurs to both consonants and vowels.
Here are the consonants that are affected by eclipsis:
b → mb
c → gc
d → nd
f → bhf
g → ng
p → bp
t → dt
The remaining consonants (h, l, m, n, r, s) cannot be eclipsed.
t before vowels and s
t can be placed before an initial vowel. It is followed by a hyphen, except when the vowel is a capital letter:
t-a
t-e
t-i
t-o
t-u
tA
tE
tI
tO
tU
Insight
There is never a hyphen between t and an initial s:
Ts
n before vowels
n can be placed before an initial vowel. It is followed by a hyphen, except when the vowel is a capital letter:
n-a
n-e
n-i
n-o
n-u
nA
nE
nI...